Nutrition Support Clinician Exam: Quiz!

The correct answer is DASH diet. Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a condition that can be managed through lifestyle changes, including dietary modifications. The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet is a recommended approach for individuals with hypertension. It emphasizes consuming fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and low-fat dairy products while limiting sodium, saturated fats, and cholesterol. This balanced and nutritious diet has been shown to lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Chlorophenamine is an antihistamine, not used to treat hypertension. Anti-malarial medications are used to prevent or treat malaria, not hypertension. "Bondoment" is not a recognized treatment for hypertension.

The aim of treating cystic fibrosis is to replace pancreatic enzymes in order to increase fat and protein absorption. This is important because individuals with cystic fibrosis often have difficulty digesting and absorbing nutrients, leading to malnutrition. By providing these enzymes, fat and protein metabolism can be improved, helping to address nutritional deficiencies commonly associated with the condition.

Cirrhosis of the liver is a condition characterized by the scarring and damage to the liver tissue. Ascites refers to the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, which is commonly seen in cirrhosis due to increased pressure in the portal vein. Hypoalbuminemia, on the other hand, is a low level of albumin in the blood, which can occur in cirrhosis due to decreased liver function. These clinical signs, ascites and hypoalbuminemia, are commonly observed in patients with cirrhosis of the liver.

Gastrin is a digestive hormone that is responsible for stimulating the production of gastric acid in the stomach. It increases the secretion of hydrochloric acid (HCL) and also increases the contraction of the gallbladder. Additionally, it can cause an increase in the pressure of the esophageal sphincter. However, it does not have any effect on the production of pepsinogen by the stomach. Pepsinogen is converted into pepsin, which is an enzyme that helps in the digestion of proteins. Therefore, the correct answer is "reduced of pepsinogen production by the stomach".

A low level of serum albumin is not used to identify esophageal reflux. Serum albumin is a protein that is primarily produced by the liver and helps maintain the osmotic pressure in the blood. A low level of serum albumin is commonly seen in conditions such as kwashiorkor, a severe form of malnutrition, and nephrotic syndrome, a kidney disorder. It can also be associated with ascites, which is the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity. However, it is not a diagnostic marker for esophageal reflux, which is typically identified through other methods such as endoscopy or pH monitoring.

When a patient consumes the anti-HIV drug Zerit, it is likely to cause lipodystrophy. Lipodystrophy refers to a condition characterized by abnormal fat distribution in the body, leading to changes in body shape and fat accumulation in certain areas. This side effect is commonly associated with the use of Zerit and can have significant physical and psychological impacts on the patient.

Impaired glucose tolerance is a condition where the body is not able to regulate blood sugar levels effectively, leading to higher than normal levels of glucose in the blood. One of the characteristics of impaired glucose tolerance is a fasting plasma glucose level between 100-125 mg/dl. This means that when a person's blood sugar is measured after an overnight fast, it falls within this range. This indicates that the body is not able to efficiently process glucose and may be at risk of developing diabetes.

The Guthrie test is used to diagnose phenylketonuria (PKU), a genetic disorder that affects the body's ability to break down the amino acid phenylalanine. This test involves taking a blood sample from a newborn baby and testing it for high levels of phenylalanine. If the levels are elevated, it indicates that the baby may have PKU and further testing and treatment are required. The other options listed (VPR, genotype) are not relevant to diagnosing PKU.

Ileal resection refers to the surgical removal of a portion of the ileum, which is the last part of the small intestine. This procedure can have a detrimental effect on the nutritional status of an individual because the ileum is responsible for absorbing important nutrients, such as vitamin B12, bile salts, and other fat-soluble vitamins. Without a functioning ileum, the body may struggle to absorb these essential nutrients, leading to deficiencies and potential complications. Therefore, ileal resection can significantly impact the nutritional status of individuals who undergo gastrointestinal surgeries.

Clostridium difficile is a bacterium that can cause diarrhea, especially in hospitalized patients receiving enteral nutrition. However, the question asks for the LEAST cause of diarrhea. Out of the given options, malnutrition, soluble fiber, and loss of blood can all potentially contribute to diarrhea in a hospitalized patient. Therefore, the correct answer is Clostridium difficile, as it is the least likely cause of diarrhea in this scenario.