National Counselor Exam: Trivia Quiz!

1. What situation best describes Jenner when she chooses between spending the evening with her parents or babysitting her sister? Jenner does not like both choices.

Approach-avoidance conflict

Avoidance-avoidance conflict

Approach-approach conflict

Avoidance vector

In this situation, Jenner is faced with a conflict where she dislikes both choices available to her. She does not want to spend the evening with her parents and she also does not want to babysit her sister. This is an example of avoidance-avoidance conflict, where an individual is forced to choose between two undesirable options. In this case, Jenner is avoiding both choices because she does not find either of them appealing.

Explanation

In this situation, Jenner is faced with a conflict where she dislikes both choices available to her. She does not want to spend the evening with her parents and she also does not want to babysit her sister. This is an example of avoidance-avoidance conflict, where an individual is forced to choose between two undesirable options. In this case, Jenner is avoiding both choices because she does not find either of them appealing.

2. When it comes to displaying aggression, girls more often engage in _____aggression than boys?

Hostile

Instrumental

Relational

Physical

Girls more often engage in relational aggression than boys when it comes to displaying aggression. Relational aggression refers to the use of social manipulation, such as spreading rumors or excluding others, to harm someone's relationships or social status. This type of aggression is typically more common among girls, as they tend to prioritize social connections and use indirect means to assert power or control.

Explanation

Girls more often engage in relational aggression than boys when it comes to displaying aggression. Relational aggression refers to the use of social manipulation, such as spreading rumors or excluding others, to harm someone's relationships or social status. This type of aggression is typically more common among girls, as they tend to prioritize social connections and use indirect means to assert power or control.

3. Which of the following statements is true when considering cultural and familiar influences on self-esteem?

Chinese and Japanese children have higher self-esteem than North American children,mainly because their cultures have higher academic standards for achievement

Boys tend to have lower self-esteem than girls.

African American children tend to have lower self-esteem than Caucasian children.

An authoritative parenting style usually allows children to have especially high selfesteem.

An authoritative parenting style usually allows children to have especially high self-esteem because it involves setting clear boundaries and expectations while also being warm and supportive. This type of parenting style promotes a sense of autonomy and competence in children, which contributes to higher self-esteem.

Explanation

An authoritative parenting style usually allows children to have especially high self-esteem because it involves setting clear boundaries and expectations while also being warm and supportive. This type of parenting style promotes a sense of autonomy and competence in children, which contributes to higher self-esteem.

4. In the Stanford prison study, what caused the guards to treat the prisoners harshly?

Their instructions from the researchers

The uncooperative behavior of the prisoners

The social context

The pressure the guards got from one another

The social context in the Stanford prison study caused the guards to treat the prisoners harshly. This refers to the environment and social dynamics that were created within the simulated prison setting. The study aimed to investigate the effects of perceived power and authority on individuals' behavior. The guards, who were given positions of authority, felt empowered and adopted a more aggressive and abusive approach towards the prisoners. This behavior was influenced by the social norms and expectations that emerged within the context of the study.

Explanation

The social context in the Stanford prison study caused the guards to treat the prisoners harshly. This refers to the environment and social dynamics that were created within the simulated prison setting. The study aimed to investigate the effects of perceived power and authority on individuals' behavior. The guards, who were given positions of authority, felt empowered and adopted a more aggressive and abusive approach towards the prisoners. This behavior was influenced by the social norms and expectations that emerged within the context of the study.

5. In what ways do stereotypes distort reality?

Stereotypes exaggerate the differences that exist between groups.

Stereotypes exaggerate the differences that exist within groups.

Stereotypes produce many differing perceptions by many people.

Stereotypes demonstrate that members of a group can be different.

Stereotypes exaggerate the differences that exist between groups by generalizing and categorizing individuals based on their group membership. This can lead to a distorted view of reality as it overlooks the diversity and individuality within each group. Stereotypes create a simplistic and often inaccurate portrayal of entire groups, ignoring the complexity and nuances that exist within them. By emphasizing differences and ignoring similarities, stereotypes perpetuate biases and can contribute to discrimination and prejudice.

Explanation

Stereotypes exaggerate the differences that exist between groups by generalizing and categorizing individuals based on their group membership. This can lead to a distorted view of reality as it overlooks the diversity and individuality within each group. Stereotypes create a simplistic and often inaccurate portrayal of entire groups, ignoring the complexity and nuances that exist within them. By emphasizing differences and ignoring similarities, stereotypes perpetuate biases and can contribute to discrimination and prejudice.

6. Which of the following is not likely to be disobeyed by people according to Milgram's studies?

The victim was in an adjoining room so the “teacher” heard every sound the victim made

Two experimenters had conflicting demands about the continuation of the experiment

The person ordering them to continue was an ordinary man, apparently another volunteer

The subject worked with peers who refused to go further in the procedure

According to Milgram's studies, one of the factors that influenced people's obedience was the proximity of the victim. When the victim was in an adjoining room and the "teacher" could hear every sound they made, it increased the emotional and psychological impact on the "teacher" and made them more likely to disobey. Therefore, this statement is not likely to be disobeyed by people according to Milgram's studies.

Explanation

According to Milgram's studies, one of the factors that influenced people's obedience was the proximity of the victim. When the victim was in an adjoining room and the "teacher" could hear every sound they made, it increased the emotional and psychological impact on the "teacher" and made them more likely to disobey. Therefore, this statement is not likely to be disobeyed by people according to Milgram's studies.

7. What was the result or reaction of the Stanford prison simulation of male college students that agreed to participate in an experiment to discover what would happen when they took on the roles of prisoners and guards?

Within a short time the prisoners became distressed and panicky, with accompanying emotional and physical ailments

A small percentage of the guards became tyrannical and abusive in order to maintain the social structure of the prison

The“tough but fair” guards urged the tyrannical guards to lighten up on the prisoners

All of the prisoners and the guards became harsh and abusive

The result of the Stanford prison simulation was that within a short time, the prisoners experienced distress, panic, and various emotional and physical ailments. This suggests that the role of being a prisoner in a simulated prison environment had a negative impact on the participants' well-being.

Explanation

The result of the Stanford prison simulation was that within a short time, the prisoners experienced distress, panic, and various emotional and physical ailments. This suggests that the role of being a prisoner in a simulated prison environment had a negative impact on the participants' well-being.

8. Which of these are physical characteristics of Down Syndrome?

Short, stocky build

Almond-shaped eyes

Large hands and feet

Flattened face

Physical characteristics of Down Syndrome include a short, stocky build, almond-shaped eyes, and a flattened face. Additionally, individuals with Down Syndrome often have large hands and feet. These physical features are commonly observed in individuals with Down Syndrome and are a result of the genetic condition.

Explanation

Physical characteristics of Down Syndrome include a short, stocky build, almond-shaped eyes, and a flattened face. Additionally, individuals with Down Syndrome often have large hands and feet. These physical features are commonly observed in individuals with Down Syndrome and are a result of the genetic condition.

9. What perspective is a counselor taking, when the counselor attempts to look at the world from their client's point of view?

Etic

Alloplastic

Emic

Autoplastic

When a counselor attempts to look at the world from their client's point of view, they are taking an emic perspective. This means that they are trying to understand the client's experiences, beliefs, and values from their own cultural or individual context. By adopting an emic perspective, counselors can gain a deeper understanding of their clients and provide more effective support and guidance.

Explanation

When a counselor attempts to look at the world from their client's point of view, they are taking an emic perspective. This means that they are trying to understand the client's experiences, beliefs, and values from their own cultural or individual context. By adopting an emic perspective, counselors can gain a deeper understanding of their clients and provide more effective support and guidance.

10. What do the research on gay and lesbian indicate?

Their children are maladjusted.

They are as dedicated to and effective at child rearing as are heterosexual parents.

They are less dedicated to child rearing than heterosexual parents.

Their children are parented harshly and inconsistently.

The correct answer suggests that the research on gay and lesbian parents indicates that their children are parented harshly and inconsistently. This implies that the parenting style of gay and lesbian parents is not as effective or dedicated as that of heterosexual parents.

Explanation

The correct answer suggests that the research on gay and lesbian parents indicates that their children are parented harshly and inconsistently. This implies that the parenting style of gay and lesbian parents is not as effective or dedicated as that of heterosexual parents.