BCBA Exam Questions

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  • 1/147 Questions

    A relation between the stimulus and response or response product that occurs when the beginning, middle, and end of the verbal stimulus matches the beginning, middle, and end of the verbal response is called.

    • Conditioned reinforcer
    • Point-to-point correspondence
    • Positive reinforcement
    • Informed consent
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About This Quiz

Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA) is a certification of graduate-level in behavior analysis. The BCBA certified professionals are the practitioners who work independently towards providing behavior-analytic services. But before reaching that level, you must clear the compulsory exam first. Here, this practice test has more than 150 questions of the same. So, you can practice hard with this BCBA exam See moretest.

BCBA Exam Questions - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    An example of unconditioned reinforcer(s) is:    

    • Food

    • Water

    • Oxygen

    • Warmth

    • Sexual stimulation

    • All of these

    Correct Answer
    A. All of these
    Explanation
    An unconditioned reinforcer is a stimulus that naturally and inherently reinforces a behavior without any prior learning or conditioning. It is something that is biologically or physiologically necessary for survival or pleasure. In this case, all of the options listed (food, water, oxygen, warmth, sexual stimulation) can be considered unconditioned reinforcers because they are essential for survival or provide pleasure without any prior conditioning.

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  • 3. 

    The reappearance of a response that had not occurred for an extended time interval during extinction conditions is referred to as _________.

    • Habituation

    • Extinction

    • Spontaneous recovery

    • Novel behavior

    Correct Answer
    A. Spontaneous recovery
    Explanation
    Spontaneous recovery refers to the reappearance of a response that had previously been extinguished. It occurs after a period of rest or delay following the extinction phase. During extinction, a conditioned response is weakened or eliminated through repeated exposure to the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus. However, even after extinction, the conditioned response may reemerge temporarily when the conditioned stimulus is presented again. This temporary reappearance is known as spontaneous recovery. It suggests that extinction does not completely erase the learned association, but rather suppresses it temporarily.

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  • 4. 

    Billy states he did not know that he broke a rule because he could not see the rules. Upon your review, you discover the rules were not clear in their writing. This demonstrates which variable affecting punishment effectiveness:

    • Quantity of rules

    • Intensity of rule selection

    • Clarity of rules

    • Least restrictive procedure

    Correct Answer
    A. Clarity of rules
    Explanation
    This question is testing the understanding of the variable affecting punishment effectiveness. In this scenario, Billy claims that he did not know he broke a rule because he could not see the rules. However, upon review, it is discovered that the rules were not clear in their writing. This suggests that the variable affecting punishment effectiveness in this situation is the clarity of rules. If the rules had been clearly written, Billy would have been aware of them and could have avoided breaking them.

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  • 5. 

    A _____ denotes a set or collection of knowledge and skills a person has learned that are relevant to particular settings or tasks.  

    • Repertoire

    • Behavior

    • Skill

    • Response

    Correct Answer
    A. Repertoire
    Explanation
    A repertoire denotes a set or collection of knowledge and skills a person has learned that are relevant to particular settings or tasks. It refers to the range of abilities and competencies that an individual possesses and can draw upon when needed. A repertoire is often developed through education, training, and experience, and it enables individuals to effectively navigate and perform in various situations.

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  • 6. 

    Answering the door when you hear the doorbell and not when it is silent is an example of behavior being under:  

    • Simultaneous prompting

    • Equivalence

    • Stimulus control

    • Premack principle

    Correct Answer
    A. Stimulus control
    Explanation
    Stimulus control refers to the influence that antecedent stimuli have on behavior. In this case, the behavior of answering the door is under stimulus control because it is only occurring in response to the specific antecedent stimulus of hearing the doorbell. The behavior does not occur when the antecedent stimulus of silence is present. Therefore, the behavior of answering the door is controlled by the presence or absence of the doorbell stimulus.

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  • 7. 

    When a problem behavior has been targeted for reduction or elimination, the behavior analyst must always include a(n) ________ in the intervention plan.     

    • Replacement behavior

    • Appropriate response

    • Pivotal behavior

    • Performance criterion

    Correct Answer
    A. Replacement behavior
    Explanation
    When a problem behavior is targeted for reduction or elimination, it is important for the behavior analyst to include a replacement behavior in the intervention plan. This means identifying and teaching a more appropriate behavior to replace the problem behavior. The replacement behavior should serve the same function as the problem behavior, but in a more socially acceptable way. By including a replacement behavior in the intervention plan, the behavior analyst can help the individual learn and engage in a more desirable behavior instead of the problem behavior.

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  • 8. 

    Practitioners should refer to another professional                                                              

    • When they do not have the skills needed to address the problem

    • When the problem is more psychological in nature

    • If the person is currently receiving psychotropic medication

    • Where the problem is life threatening

    Correct Answer
    A. When they do not have the skills needed to address the problem
    Explanation
    Practitioners should refer to another professional when they do not have the skills needed to address the problem. This is important because it ensures that the individual seeking help receives the appropriate and effective treatment. Referring to another professional with the necessary expertise allows for a more comprehensive and specialized approach to addressing the problem, leading to better outcomes for the individual.

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  • 9. 

    Dr. Lora Y is a BCBA-D who supervises master's students in their practicum at some of the schools where she consults.  Dr. Y. is "old school" when it comes to feedback and feels that natural consequences of behavior should be the primary shaping tool for graduate students - that is the way it was in her day.  Lois, one of Dr. Y's students, is a "new school" behavior analyst; she loves the field and thrives on feedback.  She will often seek feedback from Dr. Y. immediately following a day at the school.  "You're doing fine" is the extent of Dr. Y's feedback to Lois.  Lois isn't seeking reassurance or comfort; she wants specific feedback so she can improve.  What should Lois do?

    • Go directly to Dr. Y's supervisor to share her concerns.

    • Ask for a new practicum supervisor.

    • Ask Dr. Y for more specific feedback - "is there anything I need to work on"

    • Assume everything is fine unless Dr. Y says otherwise.

    Correct Answer
    A. Ask Dr. Y for more specific feedback - "is there anything I need to work on"
    Explanation
    Lois should ask Dr. Y for more specific feedback by asking if there is anything she needs to work on. This is because Lois wants to improve and thrive on feedback, but Dr. Y's feedback of "You're doing fine" is not providing her with the specific information she needs. By directly asking for more specific feedback, Lois can address any areas of improvement and continue to grow in her role as a behavior analyst.

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  • 10. 

    Dr. G was a very well-known behavior analyst with a great radio voice.  He was occasionally asked to handle questions about behavior problems on a local radio call-in show.  To make the show lively and interesting, Dr. G  took great pains to remind listeners that what he suggested was backed up by empirical research.  The show's producer prompted Dr. G. to use the caller's name when giving a reply and a warm tone.  He wanted Dr. G to say something like, "I know exactly what you are talking about, and I can understand how you feel".  Dr. G preferred a matter-of-fact approach.  What should Dr. G. do?

    • Try to be "warmer" while maintaining his ethics and not making statements that suggest he knows more about the caller than he does

    • Do whatever the producer says so he doesn't get fired

    • Continue what he is doing regardless of the outcome

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Try to be "warmer" while maintaining his ethics and not making statements that suggest he knows more about the caller than he does
    Explanation
    Dr. G should try to be "warmer" while maintaining his ethics and not making statements that suggest he knows more about the caller than he does. This means that he should follow the producer's suggestion of using the caller's name and a warm tone, but he should not make false statements or pretend to understand the caller's feelings more than he actually does. By doing this, Dr. G can maintain a friendly and engaging demeanor on the radio show without compromising his professional integrity.

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  • 11. 

    An elementary verbal operant that is evoked by an MO and followed by specific reinforcement is called a ______

    • Mand

    • Tact

    • Echoic

    • Intraverbal

    Correct Answer
    A. Mand
    Explanation
    A mand is an elementary verbal operant that is evoked by a motivating operation (MO) and is followed by specific reinforcement. In other words, a mand is a request or demand made by an individual in order to obtain a desired item or response. This differs from other verbal operants such as tacts (naming or labeling objects), echoics (repeating what is heard), and intraverbals (responding to verbal stimuli without a direct correlation to the environment).

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  • 12. 

    A previously neutral stimulus that now functions as a punisher because of prior pairing with one or more punishers is called a ____________.

    • Discriminative stimulus

    • Unconditioned punisher

    • Conditioned punisher

    • Conditioned reinforcer

    Correct Answer
    A. Conditioned punisher
    Explanation
    A previously neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned punisher when it is consistently paired with one or more punishers. This means that the stimulus itself starts to elicit a negative response or aversive reaction due to its association with the punishers. It has acquired the ability to punish behavior through this conditioning process.

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  • 13. 

    A motivating operation that decreases the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object or event is called a(n) __________.

    • Establishing operation

    • Abolishing operation

    • Punisher

    • Conditioned stimulus

    Correct Answer
    A. Abolishing operation
    Explanation
    An abolishing operation refers to a motivating operation that decreases the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event. This means that it reduces the likelihood of a behavior being reinforced by making the stimulus less desirable or effective as a reinforcer. This can be achieved by removing or reducing access to a preferred stimulus, making it less appealing or valuable to the individual.

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  • 14. 

    Extinction may involve which of the following

    • Increase in rate of target behavior

    • Increase in intensity of target behavior

    • Increase in a variety of behaviors

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    Extinction refers to the process of reducing or eliminating a target behavior by withholding reinforcement. In this context, "all of the above" is the correct answer because extinction can result in an increase in the rate of the target behavior, an increase in the intensity of the target behavior, or an increase in a variety of other behaviors. This occurs because when reinforcement is no longer provided for the target behavior, individuals may engage in the behavior more frequently, with greater intensity, or they may try out different behaviors in an attempt to obtain the previously reinforced outcome.

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  • 15. 

    Behaviors have ________ if they affect a person's life in a positive and meaningful manner.  

    • Social validity

    • Functional application

    • Observable benefit

    • Normalized outcomes

    Correct Answer
    A. Social validity
    Explanation
    Social validity refers to the extent to which a behavior change program produces socially significant improvements in a person's life. It involves assessing whether the changes in behavior have a positive and meaningful impact on the individual's daily functioning, social interactions, and overall quality of life. In other words, social validity measures whether the behavior change is relevant and beneficial in the real world, beyond just the immediate context of the intervention.

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  • 16. 

    In addition to a control condition, a functional analysis typically consists of what test conditions?  

    • Contingent attention

    • Contingent escape

    • Alone

    • All of these

    Correct Answer
    A. All of these
    Explanation
    A functional analysis typically consists of all of these test conditions: contingent attention, contingent escape, and alone. These test conditions are used to assess the function of the behavior being analyzed. Contingent attention involves providing attention as a consequence for the behavior. Contingent escape involves allowing the individual to escape or avoid a task or situation as a consequence for the behavior. The alone condition involves observing the behavior in the absence of any social or environmental consequences. By including all of these test conditions, a functional analysis can help identify the underlying function of the behavior.

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  • 17. 

    _____________________is an experimental design in which two or more conditions are presented in rapidly alternating succession independent of the level of responding.

    • Multiple baseline across settings

    • Reversal design

    • Withdrawal design

    • Alternating treatments design

    Correct Answer
    A. Alternating treatments design
    Explanation
    The alternating treatments design is an experimental design where two or more conditions are presented in rapidly alternating succession, regardless of the level of responding. This design allows for the comparison of the effects of different conditions on the same individual or group, by quickly switching between the conditions. It is useful in situations where it is not feasible or ethical to withdraw the treatment, and provides a more efficient way to evaluate the effectiveness of different interventions or treatments.

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  • 18. 

    Heather hears a phone ring, then picks up the phone. Her husband talks with her over the phone. What is the behavior in this three-term contingency?  

    • Husband talking

    • Heather picks up the phone

    • Phone ringing

    • None of these

    Correct Answer
    A. Heather picks up the phone
    Explanation
    In this three-term contingency, the behavior is "Heather picks up the phone." This behavior is prompted by the phone ringing, and it is followed by her husband talking with her over the phone. The phone ringing serves as the antecedent stimulus, prompting Heather to engage in the behavior of picking up the phone. The consequence of her behavior is the opportunity to talk with her husband.

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  • 19. 

    Which of the following statements describes the definition of negative punishment?    

    • The presentation of a stimulus that increases the rate of occurrence of the target behavior

    • The presentation of a stimulus that decreases the rate of occurrence of the target behavior

    • The removal of a stimulus that decreases the rate of occurrence of the target behavior

    • The removal of a stimulus that increases the rate of occurrence of the target behavior

    Correct Answer
    A. The removal of a stimulus that decreases the rate of occurrence of the target behavior
    Explanation
    Negative punishment is a form of operant conditioning where a stimulus is removed to decrease the rate of occurrence of a target behavior. In this case, the correct answer describes negative punishment as the removal of a stimulus that decreases the rate of occurrence of the target behavior. This means that when a certain behavior is exhibited, a stimulus is taken away, which leads to a decrease in the likelihood of that behavior happening again in the future.

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  • 20. 

    This is the extent to which a learner emits untrained responses that are functionally equivalent to the trained target behavior

    • Setting/situation maintenance

    • Response generalization

    • Setting/situation generalization

    • Response maintenance

    Correct Answer
    A. Response generalization
    Explanation
    Response generalization refers to the extent to which a learner emits untrained responses that are functionally equivalent to the trained target behavior. In other words, it is the ability of the learner to generalize the learned behavior to different situations or settings. This means that the learner is able to apply the learned behavior in a variety of contexts, not just the specific setting in which it was initially taught.

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  • 21. 

    When using behavioral momentum, behaviors selected for a high-p request sequence should:  

    • Be part of the learner's current repertoire

    • Be new behavior(s) the learner has to acquire

    • Have a very long duration of occurrence

    • Be those behaviors with which the learner is not complaint

    Correct Answer
    A. Be part of the learner's current repertoire
    Explanation
    When using behavioral momentum, behaviors selected for a high-p request sequence should be part of the learner's current repertoire. This means that the learner should already be familiar with and capable of performing these behaviors. By selecting behaviors that the learner is already proficient in, it increases the likelihood of success and reinforces the learner's confidence and motivation. Introducing new behaviors or behaviors that the learner is not familiar with may lead to frustration and decrease the effectiveness of the high-p request sequence.

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  • 22. 

    Which of the following is NOT a core principle of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)?

    • Focus on socially significant behaviors 

    • Use of punishment to eliminate unwanted behaviors 

    • Systematic measurement of behavior

    • Identification of functional relationships between behavior and environment

    Correct Answer
    A. Use of punishment to eliminate unwanted behaviors 
    Explanation
    While punishment can be a component of ABA, it's not a core principle and is generally used as a last resort when other interventions have been ineffective. ABA emphasizes positive reinforcement and other proactive strategies to increase desired behaviors and reduce the need for punishment.

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  • 23. 

    Juan, a BCBA has done an assessment on Carl, a 6-year-old boy, and determined that Carl's face-slapping is maintained by automatic reinforcement.  In his professional opinion, Carl's face-slapping is serious enough to warrant a punishment procedure.  When Carl slaps his face, Juan wants Carl's hands to be firmly pulled away from his face and for the therapist to say in a loud voice, "No!"  What must Juan do before implementing this intervention?

    • Get consent from Carl's parents.

    • Include reinforcement procedures for alternative behaviors in the plan

    • Tell Carl that if he doesn't stop slapping his face, they will have to use punishment

    • A and B

    Correct Answer
    A. A and B
    Explanation
    Before implementing the intervention, Juan must get consent from Carl's parents (option A) and include reinforcement procedures for alternative behaviors in the plan (option B). This is important because implementing a punishment procedure requires parental consent and it is essential to have a comprehensive plan that includes reinforcement procedures for alternative behaviors to promote positive behavior change.

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  • 24. 

    A philosophical position that views behavioral events that cannot be publicly observed as outside of the realm of science is called _____.

    • Free operant behavior

    • Methodological behaviorism

    • Adjunctive behaviors

    • Operant behavior

    Correct Answer
    A. Methodological behaviorism
    Explanation
    Methodological behaviorism is a philosophical position that asserts that only behavioral events that can be publicly observed are within the scope of scientific study. It argues that internal mental states and processes cannot be directly observed or measured, and therefore should not be considered in scientific analysis. This perspective emphasizes the importance of objective, observable behaviors in understanding and explaining human behavior.

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  • 25. 

    A ________ chart is a type of semilogarithmic chart useful for charting accelerating and decelerating performances over time.

    • Cumulative time

    • Standard celeration

    • Scatter plot

    • Bar graph

    Correct Answer
    A. Standard celeration
    Explanation
    A standard celeration chart is a type of semilogarithmic chart that is commonly used to track and analyze accelerating and decelerating performances over time. This chart allows for a visual representation of data that shows the rate of change in performance over time. It is particularly useful in areas such as behavior analysis and performance management, where the focus is on understanding and improving performance trends.

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  • 26. 

    Graphs illustrating consumer behavior can be shared with      

    • The consumer, as long as he is likely to understand it

    • Individuals for whom consent to share has been obtained

    • Individuals who understand data interpretation

    • Only the consumer and the practitioner's supervisor

    Correct Answer
    A. Individuals for whom consent to share has been obtained
    Explanation
    Graphs illustrating consumer behavior can be shared with individuals for whom consent to share has been obtained. This means that the consumer's permission is required before sharing the graphs with anyone else. This ensures that the consumer's privacy and confidentiality are respected, and that their personal information is not shared without their explicit consent. It is important to obtain consent from individuals before sharing any sensitive or personal data, including graphs illustrating consumer behavior.

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  • 27. 

    An approach to explaining behavior that assumes that a mental, or "inner" dimension exists that differs from a behavioral dimension and that phenomena in this dimension exists that differs from a behavioral dimension and that phenomena in this dimension either directly cause or at least mediate some forms of behavior, if not all, is called ________.

    • Empiricism

    • Mentalism

    • Behaviorism

    • Psychology

    Correct Answer
    A. Mentalism
    Explanation
    Mentalism is an approach to explaining behavior that posits the existence of an inner dimension separate from observable behavior. It suggests that phenomena in this inner dimension, such as thoughts, emotions, and consciousness, directly influence or mediate behavior. Mentalism recognizes that there are mental processes that cannot be solely explained by external stimuli or observable behavior, and emphasizes the importance of studying and understanding these internal mental states in order to fully comprehend behavior.

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  • 28. 

    A consequence that, when given contingent on the occurrence of a behavior, decreases the likelihood of the behavior occurring in the future.  

    • Positive punishment

    • Negative punishment

    • Negative reinforcement

    • Escape behavior

    Correct Answer
    A. Positive punishment
    Explanation
    Positive punishment is the correct answer because it refers to the application of an aversive stimulus or consequence following a behavior, which decreases the likelihood of that behavior occurring in the future. In this case, the consequence given when contingent on the occurrence of a behavior decreases the likelihood of the behavior occurring in the future, aligning with the definition of positive punishment.

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  • 29. 

    A motivating operation whose value-altering effect does not depend on a learning history is called a(n) __________.

    • Establishing operation

    • Unconditioned motivating operation

    • Conditioned motivating operation

    • Respondent behavior

    Correct Answer
    A. Unconditioned motivating operation
    Explanation
    An unconditioned motivating operation refers to a motivating operation whose value-altering effect is not dependent on a learning history. This means that it does not require any prior conditioning or learning experiences to have an effect on behavior. It is a type of motivating operation that has an inherent impact on an individual's behavior and does not rely on any previous learned associations.

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  • 30. 

    On a practical level, FBA is important for the prevention of and intervention for problem behavior because:  

    • When the cause and effect relation between environmental effects and behavior can be determined, that relation can be altered to improve behavior.

    • It meets the federal guidelines for best practices in treating problem behavior.

    • It will tell a teacher exactly what to do for intervention

    • None of these

    Correct Answer
    A. When the cause and effect relation between environmental effects and behavior can be determined, that relation can be altered to improve behavior.
    Explanation
    FBA (Functional Behavior Assessment) is important for the prevention and intervention of problem behavior because it allows for the identification of the underlying cause and effect relationship between environmental factors and behavior. Once this relationship is determined, strategies can be implemented to modify the environment and improve behavior. This approach is based on the understanding that behavior is influenced by the environment, and by altering the environment, positive changes can be made in behavior. This explanation highlights the significance of FBA in addressing problem behavior through a targeted and evidence-based approach.

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  • 31. 

    Which of the following statements describes the definition of positive punishment?  

    • The presentation of a stimulus that increases the rate of occurrence of the target behavior

    • The presentation of a stimulus that decreases the rate of occurrence of the target behavior

    • The removal of a stimulus that decreases the rate of occurrence of the target behavior

    • The removal of a stimulus that increases the rate of occurrence of the target behavior

    Correct Answer
    A. The presentation of a stimulus that decreases the rate of occurrence of the target behavior
    Explanation
    Positive punishment refers to the presentation of a stimulus that decreases the rate of occurrence of the target behavior. It involves adding or introducing an aversive stimulus to discourage or decrease the likelihood of a behavior happening again in the future. In this case, the correct answer describes the definition of positive punishment by stating that it involves the presentation of a stimulus that decreases the rate of occurrence of the target behavior.

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  • 32. 

    David touches Shawn on the shoulder to let him know it is time to go. This is an example of ______prompt.

    • Tactual or physical

    • Gestural

    • Positional

    • Verbal

    Correct Answer
    A. Tactual or physical
    Explanation
    The action of David touching Shawn on the shoulder is a physical prompt. Physical prompts involve using touch or physical contact to communicate or guide someone. In this case, David is using the physical touch on Shawn's shoulder to signal that it is time to go.

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  • 33. 

    Breaking down tasks into its component responses is called

    • Task analysis

    • Component analysis

    • Behavioral analysis

    • Chaining

    Correct Answer
    A. Task analysis
    Explanation
    Task analysis is the process of breaking down complex tasks into smaller, more manageable components or steps. It involves identifying the specific actions, skills, and knowledge required to complete a task successfully. By analyzing tasks, individuals or organizations can better understand the requirements and potential challenges associated with each step, allowing for more effective training, problem-solving, and performance improvement. Therefore, task analysis is the most appropriate term to describe the process of breaking down tasks into their component responses.

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  • 34. 

    By selecting candy as a reinforcer and deciding that the child can have three pieces for every correct response. The teacher has utilized which parameter of reinforcement:

    • Timing

    • Quantity

    • Variety

    • Nutrition

    Correct Answer
    A. Quantity
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "quantity" because the teacher has determined that the child will receive three pieces of candy for every correct response. This shows that the teacher is using the quantity of the reinforcer (in this case, the amount of candy) as a parameter of reinforcement.

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  • 35. 

    Forward chaining, backward chaining, and concurrent chaining are commonly used to teach

    • Complex behaviors

    • Simple behaviors

    • Individualized behaviors

    • Target behaviors

    Correct Answer
    A. Complex behaviors
    Explanation
    Forward chaining, backward chaining, and concurrent chaining are commonly used to teach complex behaviors. These chaining methods involve breaking down a complex behavior into smaller, more manageable steps. Forward chaining involves teaching the initial steps of a behavior first, gradually adding on the subsequent steps. Backward chaining starts with the final step and works backward, gradually adding the preceding steps. Concurrent chaining involves teaching multiple behaviors simultaneously and reinforcing the correct responses. These chaining methods are effective in teaching complex behaviors by systematically building upon simpler components.

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  • 36. 

    Which of the following is not a requisite for obtaining valid IOA measures?  

    • Use the same observation code and measurement system

    • Observe and measure the same participant(s) and events

    • Observe and record the behavior independent of any influence from one another

    • Score all IOA while sitting side-by-side with another observer

    Correct Answer
    A. Score all IOA while sitting side-by-side with another observer
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "score all IOA while sitting side-by-side with another observer". This is not a requisite for obtaining valid IOA measures because IOA (Interobserver Agreement) is typically calculated by comparing the scores of two or more independent observers who are not sitting side-by-side. Sitting side-by-side may introduce bias or influence in their scoring, which can compromise the validity of the IOA measures. Therefore, it is important to observe and record the behavior independent of any influence from one another to obtain valid IOA measures.

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  • 37. 

    Tantruming was extinguished for months, and then one day, Jimmy decides to throw a tantrum to get candy. This is an example of

    • Extinction burst

    • Spontaneous recovery

    • Satiation

    • Habituation

    Correct Answer
    A. Spontaneous recovery
    Explanation
    Spontaneous recovery refers to the reappearance of a previously extinguished behavior after a period of time without reinforcement. In this case, tantruming had been extinguished for months, meaning that Jimmy had stopped throwing tantrums to get candy. However, one day he decides to throw a tantrum again, even though he had not received candy for months. This sudden reappearance of the behavior after a period of extinction is an example of spontaneous recovery.

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  • 38. 

    Select the schedule of reinforcement being used in the example: Jamie gets a candy bar after every ten questions answered

    • Variable ratio

    • Fixed interval

    • Fixed ratio

    • Variable interval

    Correct Answer
    A. Fixed ratio
    Explanation
    In this example, Jamie is receiving a candy bar after a fixed number of questions answered, specifically after every ten questions. This type of reinforcement schedule is known as a fixed ratio schedule. In a fixed ratio schedule, the reinforcement is delivered after a specific number of responses or behaviors.

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  • 39. 

     _______________________ involves collecting baselines on the same behavior of several persons, preferably in different settings.

    • Multiple-baseline across individuals design

    • Multiple-baseline across behaviors design

    • Alternating treatments design

    • Reversal design

    Correct Answer
    A. Multiple-baseline across individuals design
    Explanation
    Multiple-baseline across individuals design is a type of single-subject research design that involves collecting baseline data on the same behavior across multiple individuals. This design is often used to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention by demonstrating that behavior change occurs only when the intervention is introduced.

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  • 40. 

    _________ is obtained by combining observation time with a tally of the number of occurrences of behavior.  

    • Response latency

    • Rate

    • Celeration

    • Whole interval

    Correct Answer
    A. Rate
    Explanation
    Rate is obtained by combining observation time with a tally of the number of occurrences of behavior. This means that rate measures the frequency or occurrence of a behavior within a specific time period. It is calculated by dividing the number of occurrences by the observation time.

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  • 41. 

    Dr. Stuart W., a BCBA-D, has been working on Tom's behavioral issues for two years.  Tom lives in a supported living apartment in the community, and he works at a job with supervision from vocational rehabilitation.  Dr. W.'s data shows that Tom frequently arrives late or completely misses work.  Tom would rather stay home and sleep; a variety of incentive programs have been ineffective.  Dr. W. is wondering if Tom would benefit from counseling.  He has a friend and colleague who is a counselor; he plans is to invite his colleague to lunch and tell him about Tom.  Can Dr. W. ethically talk to another professional about Tom to determine if the person would consider taking Tom as a client?

    • Yes, as long as he has written consent from Tom or his guardian.

    • Yes, because he is doing this to help Tom.

    • No, if Tom needs a counselor he should call one himself.

    • Yes, but only if he has his colleague sign a confidentiality agreement.

    Correct Answer
    A. Yes, as long as he has written consent from Tom or his guardian.
    Explanation
    Dr. W. is considering discussing Tom's case with his colleague, a counselor, in order to explore the possibility of counseling as a beneficial intervention for Tom. In order to ethically discuss Tom's case with another professional, Dr. W. needs to obtain written consent from Tom or his guardian. This is important to ensure that Tom's privacy and confidentiality are respected, and that his personal information is not shared without his consent. By obtaining written consent, Dr. W. is demonstrating his commitment to ethical practice and protecting Tom's rights.

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  • 42. 

    Miranda routinely went with her client on doctor visits.  On a recent trip to see the psychiatrist, Miranda was astonished to discover that 5 minutes into the appointment his head fell forward and he appeared to be asleep.  After a minute or so, the psychiatrist sat up straight and continued the conversation. It happened again, and this time was asleep for 2 minutes.  The client was unaware of what was going on, but Miranda was conflicted.  What should she do?

    • Nothing because the psychiatrist doesn't work for Miranda or her company.

    • Nothing because the client didn't notice anything.

    • File a written complaint with the Board of Psychiatry.

    • Discuss her concerns with the psychiatrist.

    Correct Answer
    A. Discuss her concerns with the psychiatrist.
    Explanation
    Miranda should discuss her concerns with the psychiatrist because she witnessed the psychiatrist falling asleep during the appointment. It is important for her to address this issue as it could potentially affect the quality of care provided to the client. By discussing her concerns with the psychiatrist, she can bring attention to the situation and potentially find a solution to prevent it from happening again in the future.

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  • 43. 

    Little Peter was walking along the fence of his uncle's dairy farm. Peter reached up and grabbed the wire along the fence, not realizing it was electrified. After recovering from the pain caused by the shock, Peter never again touched the fence wires. Which statement best describes the shock stimulus felt by Peter?

    • Negative reinforcement

    • Negative punishment

    • Bad judgement

    • Positive punishment

    Correct Answer
    A. Positive punishment
    Explanation
    The shock stimulus felt by Peter can be described as positive punishment because it involved the application of an aversive stimulus (electric shock) to decrease the likelihood of a behavior (touching the fence wires) in the future.

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  • 44. 

    Stimulus discrimination is acquired by:

    • Reinforcing responses in the presence of a stimulus delta and withholding reinforcement in the presence of the discriminative stimulus.

    • Reinforcing responses in the presence of both discriminative stimuli and stimulus deltas.

    • Reinforcing responses in the presence of the discriminative stimulus and withholding reinforcement in the presence of the stimulus deltas.

    • Thinning reinforcement so that no reinforcement is required for any antecedent stimuli.

    Correct Answer
    A. Reinforcing responses in the presence of the discriminative stimulus and withholding reinforcement in the presence of the stimulus deltas.
    Explanation
    Stimulus discrimination is acquired by reinforcing responses in the presence of the discriminative stimulus and withholding reinforcement in the presence of the stimulus deltas. This means that when a specific stimulus is present, the individual is reinforced for responding, while when a different stimulus is present, reinforcement is withheld. This helps the individual learn to differentiate between different stimuli and respond appropriately to each one.

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  • 45. 

    ______________ is an experimental design in which an initial baseline phase is followed by a series of treatment phases consisting of successive and gradually changing criteria for reinforcement or punishment.

    • Alternating treatments design

    • Reversal Design

    • Changing Criterion design

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Changing Criterion design
    Explanation
    Changing Criterion design is an experimental design where an initial baseline phase is followed by a series of treatment phases with gradually changing criteria for reinforcement or punishment. This design allows researchers to assess the effects of different levels of criteria on behavior and determine the most effective criteria for reinforcement or punishment. It is often used to study learning and behavior change in individuals.

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  • 46. 

    A behavior analyst has implemented a behavior support plan that includes extinction, DRA, and a mild punisher (firmly saying "no"). The behavior support plan is effective in reducing the child's aggressive behavior. The behavior analyst is uncertain which intervention(s) is producing the behavior reduction. What could the behavior analyst do to determine which of the interventions is affecting the behavior?

    • Conduct a parametric analysis

    • Conduct a component analysis

    • Conduct a functional analysis

    • Ask the teacher's opinion

    Correct Answer
    A. Conduct a component analysis
    Explanation
    A component analysis would involve systematically removing or altering one component of the behavior support plan at a time to see if the behavior reduction is still maintained. This would help the behavior analyst determine which specific intervention is responsible for the behavior change. By isolating each component, the analyst can identify the most effective intervention and make informed decisions about future treatment strategies. Conducting a parametric analysis involves manipulating the intensity or frequency of a single component, while a functional analysis involves identifying the function of the behavior. Asking the teacher's opinion may provide some insights, but it would not provide a definitive answer about which intervention is affecting the behavior.

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  • 47. 

    Reliable data are not necessarily _______ data.  

    • Complete

    • Direct

    • Accurate

    • Real

    Correct Answer
    A. Accurate
    Explanation
    Reliable data refers to data that can be trusted and relied upon. However, this does not guarantee that the data is accurate. Accuracy refers to the correctness or precision of the data. Therefore, reliable data can still be flawed or incorrect.

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  • 48. 

    Motivating operations and discriminative stimuli:

    • Have similar evocative effects on behavior

    • Are considered synonymous

    • Occur after the behavior of interest

    • All of these

    Correct Answer
    A. Have similar evocative effects on behavior
    Explanation
    Motivating operations and discriminative stimuli have similar evocative effects on behavior. This means that both of these factors can influence and elicit certain behaviors. Motivating operations refer to events or conditions that alter the value of a reinforcer and therefore affect the likelihood of a behavior occurring. Discriminative stimuli, on the other hand, are cues or signals in the environment that indicate the availability of reinforcement for a particular behavior. Both motivating operations and discriminative stimuli can evoke or prompt specific behaviors in individuals.

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  • 49. 

    Functional communication training is considered to be:

    • Consequent intervention

    • Punishment strategy

    • Antecedent intervention

    • Behavioral momentum technique

    Correct Answer
    A. Antecedent intervention
    Explanation
    Functional communication training is considered to be an antecedent intervention because it focuses on modifying the environment before the target behavior occurs. It involves teaching individuals alternative and more appropriate ways to communicate their needs and desires, reducing the occurrence of problem behaviors. By providing individuals with effective communication skills, it helps to prevent the need for problem behaviors to occur in the first place.

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Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Jan 13, 2025 +

Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.

  • Current Version
  • Jan 13, 2025
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • May 01, 2014
    Quiz Created by
    Doctormel

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