How Well Do You Know Ancient Indian Philosophy?

Āstika is the correct answer because it refers to one of the six orthodox schools of Indian philosophy. The Āstika schools accept the authority of the Vedas and believe in the existence of a supreme being or God. These schools include Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Samkhya, Yoga, Mimamsa, and Vedanta. On the other hand, Kāstika, Zāstika, and Hāstika are not recognized as principal schools of Indian philosophy.

Jain philosophy was propagated by Tirthankaras. Tirthankaras are spiritual teachers and enlightened beings in Jainism who have attained liberation and guide others towards spiritual enlightenment. They are considered as the founders and propagators of Jain philosophy, teaching principles such as non-violence, truthfulness, and non-attachment. They are highly revered in Jainism and are believed to have achieved the highest state of spiritual enlightenment.

There are six schools of orthodox Indian Hindu philosophy. These schools, also known as Darshanas, are Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Samkhya, Yoga, Purva Mimamsa, and Vedanta. Each school offers a different perspective and interpretation of the Hindu scriptures and aims to understand the nature of reality, the self, and the ultimate truth. These schools have played a significant role in shaping Hindu thought and have contributed to the rich diversity of philosophical ideas within the Hindu tradition.

Nyaya is the correct answer because it is a school of Indian philosophy that focuses on logic, reasoning, and analysis. It emphasizes the use of logical methods to understand and interpret the world, aiming for a systematic and rational approach to knowledge. This aligns with the statement in the question that the realism school emphasizes analytics and logic, making Nyaya the most suitable option.

Sramana Philosophy is based on the school of thought. This means that it is a philosophical system or approach that emphasizes the importance of ideas, beliefs, and theories in understanding the world and guiding human behavior. It suggests that the key to understanding reality and finding meaning in life lies in examining and critically analyzing different thoughts and perspectives. Sramana Philosophy does not focus on practical aspects like wealth or medicine, but rather on exploring and contemplating various philosophical concepts and ideas.

The given options are all different schools of Indian Hindu philosophy. Jain, Cārvāka, and Ajñana are all heterodox schools that have their own distinct philosophical beliefs and principles within the broader Hindu tradition. However, "Kuddhist" is not a recognized heterodox school of Indian Hindu philosophy, making it the exception among the given options.

The main schools of Indian philosophy were formalized around 1000 BCE. This suggests that the development and establishment of these philosophical schools occurred during this time period in ancient India.

Vedic Philosophy asks questions about nature. The Vedas, which are the sacred texts of ancient India, contain hymns and rituals that explore the relationship between humans and the natural world. Vedic Philosophy seeks to understand the nature of the universe, the elements, and the various forces at play. It delves into questions about the origins of life, the purpose of existence, and the interconnectedness of all things. Through its study of nature, Vedic Philosophy aims to gain spiritual insight and guide individuals towards a harmonious and balanced life.

Kapila is not among the golden age Indian Philosophers because he is associated with the Sankhya school of philosophy, which predates the golden age. The golden age of Indian philosophy is typically considered to be from around the 5th century BCE to the 2nd century CE, while Kapila is believed to have lived around the 6th century BCE. Therefore, Kapila's philosophical teachings and contributions predate the golden age period.

Buddhist philosophy was founded in 483 BCE. This is the year when Siddhartha Gautama, also known as Buddha, attained enlightenment and began teaching his principles and beliefs. He started spreading his teachings and establishing a community of followers, which marked the beginning of Buddhist philosophy.