How Much Do You Know About Earth?

Explanation
Pedology is the science that studies soils in their natural environment. It focuses on understanding the formation, classification, and distribution of soils, as well as the processes and factors that influence soil properties. By studying pedology, scientists gain insights into soil fertility, erosion, and the impact of human activities on soil health. This knowledge is crucial for sustainable land management, agriculture, and environmental conservation.

Explanation
Aluminium is the most abundant metal in the earth's crust. It constitutes approximately 8% of the crust by weight. It is widely distributed and found in various minerals such as bauxite, which is the primary source of aluminium. Aluminium's abundance and availability make it a versatile and commonly used metal in various industries, including construction, transportation, and packaging.

Explanation
Oxygen is the second most abundant element in the Earth's atmosphere. It makes up about 21% of the atmosphere, following nitrogen which is the most abundant element at around 78%. Oxygen is essential for supporting life as it is a key component of the air we breathe. It is also crucial for various chemical and biological processes on Earth.

Explanation
In January, the Earth is closest to the sun. This is because of the elliptical shape of the Earth's orbit around the sun. During this time, the Earth is at its perihelion, which is the point in its orbit where it is closest to the sun. In contrast, in July, the Earth is at its aphelion, which is the point in its orbit where it is farthest from the sun. This phenomenon is responsible for the difference in seasons between the northern and southern hemispheres.

Explanation
The age of the Earth is approximately 4.53 billion years. This estimate is based on various scientific methods, including radiometric dating of rocks and minerals, as well as the ages of meteorites and lunar samples. These methods provide evidence that the Earth formed around the same time as the rest of the solar system, which is estimated to be about 4.6 billion years old. Therefore, the most accurate answer is 4.53 billion years.

Explanation
The Earth's diameter refers to the distance across the Earth's widest point, passing through its center. The given answer of 12,756 kilometers indicates the approximate measurement of the Earth's diameter.

Explanation
Pangaea was the giant land mass that existed some 200 million years ago. It was a supercontinent that included almost all of Earth's landmasses. Over time, Pangaea began to break apart and eventually formed the continents we know today.

Explanation
Earth is classified as a terrestrial planet because it is primarily composed of rock and metal. Terrestrial planets are often smaller and denser compared to gas giants or Jovian planets. They have solid surfaces and are usually closer to the sun. Earth, along with Mercury, Venus, and Mars, belongs to the category of terrestrial planets in our solar system.

Explanation
The Vredefort Ring is the correct answer because it is the largest known impact crater on Earth. It is located in South Africa and was formed around 2 billion years ago when a massive asteroid or comet struck the Earth. The impact created a crater that is approximately 300 kilometers in diameter, making it the largest known impact crater in the world. It is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site due to its geological significance.

Explanation
The Marianas trench is the correct answer as it is the deepest depression on Earth. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it reaches a depth of approximately 36,070 feet (10,994 meters). It is a result of tectonic plate movement, where the Pacific plate is subducted beneath the Philippine Sea plate. The trench is known for its extreme pressure and unique ecosystem, with organisms adapted to survive in the high-pressure, low-light conditions.