1c651 Vol.1

PNT enabling air operations plays a key role in search and rescue operations because it provides accurate positioning, timing, and navigation information to aircraft involved in rescue missions. This allows them to locate and reach the distressed individuals or areas quickly and efficiently. Air operations often cover large areas and require precise navigation, making PNT crucial for successful search and rescue efforts in the air.

The budget execution phase of the PPBE process begins when the President signs the appropriations bill. This is because the appropriations bill is the legislation that provides the necessary funding for the government to carry out its operations and programs. Once the bill is signed, the allocated funds can be spent and the budget can be executed. This typically occurs after the President's budget is approved and the budget is finalized for the fiscal year.

Operational control (OPCON) is the command authority exercised by commanders at any echelon at or below the level of combatant command. OPCON gives commanders the authority to direct and control the operations of assigned or attached forces in order to accomplish specific missions or tasks. It involves the authority to organize and employ commands and forces, assign tasks, designate objectives, and give authoritative direction necessary to accomplish the mission. ADCON refers to administrative control, which involves the direction or exercise of authority over subordinate or other organizations in respect to administration and support. COCOM and TACON are not the correct answers as they do not accurately describe the command authority exercised at or below the level of combatant command.

The goal of strengthening stability in space aims to improve information collection and sharing for space object collision avoidance. By enhancing stability, there will be a focus on preventing collisions and ensuring the safety and security of space activities. This goal recognizes the importance of collecting and sharing information about space objects to avoid potential collisions and maintain the stability of space operations.

The definition for exit Space Professional Experience Codes (SPEC) is that the experience is earned while filling the position. This means that the SPEC is based on the actual experience gained by an individual while performing their duties in a specific position. It is not a prerequisite or a requirement for the position, but rather a reflection of the experience gained during the individual's tenure in that role. The SPEC is tracked and associated with the individual's duty history to provide a record of their experience in the space profession.

The mission of 14th Air Forces Strategic (AFSTRAT) is to organize, train, and sustain space forces in support of Commander Joint Functional Component Command-Space. This means that their main objective is to ensure that space forces are properly organized, trained, and maintained to effectively support the Commander of the Joint Functional Component Command-Space. They are responsible for coordinating and overseeing the operational readiness and capabilities of space forces within this command structure.

Joint Task Force-Civil Support is the correct answer because it is the United States Northern Command combatant command that focuses on homeland defense efforts and coordinates defense support of civil authorities. This command is specifically responsible for providing military assistance to civil authorities in response to domestic chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high-yield explosive incidents. Joint Task Force-Civil Support works closely with federal, state, and local agencies to ensure a coordinated response to such incidents and to protect the homeland.

The 8 Space Warning Squadron provides nuclear detonation (NUDET) information to warfighters. This squadron is responsible for detecting and tracking ballistic missile launches and providing early warning to the military. They collect data on nuclear detonations and relay this information to warfighters, allowing them to take appropriate actions and respond effectively to potential threats.

The mission of the Staff Judge Advocate (J006) is to provide advice and guidance to the commander, joint functional component command-space (CDR JFCC SPACE), staff, and centers on legal and policy matters pertaining to space operations. They are responsible for ensuring that all legal and policy aspects of space operations are properly addressed and adhered to. This includes providing legal counsel, conducting legal research, and reviewing policies and procedures to ensure compliance with applicable laws and regulations. The Staff Judge Advocate plays a crucial role in ensuring the legality and effectiveness of space operations.

The correct answer is the National Reconnaissance Office. The National Reconnaissance Office is the national agency that owns non-military United States' space assets. These assets are crucial for providing critical space capabilities for warfighters.

The Operations Support Division is responsible for qualification and continuation training, as well as standardization and evaluation for the 614 Air and Space Operations Center. This division provides support and guidance to ensure that the center operates effectively and efficiently. They oversee training programs to ensure that personnel are qualified and maintain their skills, and they also evaluate and standardize procedures and processes to ensure consistency and adherence to standards.

The National Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA) research satellites provide multispectral and hyperspectral imagery for environmental monitoring. These satellites are specifically designed and equipped to gather data on various environmental factors such as land use, vegetation health, and water quality. With their advanced imaging technology, these satellites can capture detailed and accurate information about the Earth's surface, which is crucial for monitoring and managing the environment. The Defense Support Program satellites, military satellite communications, and Milstar satellites mentioned in the other options are not primarily focused on environmental monitoring.

The question asks for the option that is not a North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) regional headquarters. NORAD is a joint organization between the United States and Canada responsible for aerospace warning and control. The options provided are Tyndall AFB, Elmendorf AFB, Canadian Forces Base in Winnipeg, and Cheyenne Mountain Air Force Station. The correct answer is Cheyenne Mountain Air Force Station because it is not a regional headquarters for NORAD. Instead, it serves as an alternate command center and is responsible for missile warning and space surveillance.

The attribute of "May not have sufficient flexibility for dynamic retasking" is a disadvantage for civil, commercial, and foreign space assets. This means that these assets may not be able to adapt or change their tasks or objectives easily and quickly. This lack of flexibility can limit their effectiveness and efficiency in responding to changing needs or circumstances.

The Guam Remote Ground Terminal is part of NASA's ground segment because it is listed as one of the locations in the given options. The ground segment refers to the network of ground-based facilities and infrastructure that support the operations of NASA's space missions. Since the Guam Remote Ground Terminal is specifically mentioned as one of the options, it can be inferred that it is part of NASA's ground segment.

The Space Professional Functional Authority is the position that provides strategic oversight of the Air Force Space Professional community. This position is responsible for ensuring the development and implementation of policies, programs, and initiatives that support the growth and advancement of space professionals within the Air Force. They work closely with other leaders and stakeholders to shape the future of the space community and ensure its effectiveness in meeting the Air Force's strategic objectives.

The skill level of Superintendent indicates that Airmen have the supervisory ability to fill positions requiring broad, general (and sometimes technical) knowledge. This skill level implies a higher level of expertise and experience compared to the other options provided.

The Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Division is integral in predictive battlespace awareness. This division is responsible for gathering intelligence, conducting surveillance, and performing reconnaissance activities. By collecting and analyzing information from various sources, such as satellites, drones, and ground-based sensors, this division provides crucial insights and situational awareness to military commanders. Their work helps in predicting and understanding potential threats and enables effective decision-making in the battlespace.

This duty does not fall under the 1C6 space support category because it specifically focuses on intercontinental ballistic missiles capabilities, targeting, and employment, which is more aligned with missile operations rather than space support. The other options all involve providing space control expertise, supporting space innovation, and integrating space command and control capabilities, which are all relevant to space support duties.

Re-tasking sensor coverage and integrating all-source intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) information is a force multiplier for military operations because it allows for the optimization of resources and the coordination of various sources of information. By re-tasking sensors, military operations can focus on specific areas of interest or respond to changing situations quickly. Additionally, integrating all-source ISR information ensures that decision-makers have a comprehensive and accurate picture of the battlefield, enabling them to make informed decisions and take effective actions. This capability enhances the effectiveness and efficiency of military operations, making it a force multiplier.

The process of attack detection involves differentiating between unintentional and natural events. This means that it focuses on identifying events that are accidental or caused by natural factors, rather than events that are intentional or man-made. By distinguishing between unintentional and natural events, attack detection systems can effectively identify and respond to potential threats or attacks.

The defense department funding program covers a period of six years in the programming phase of the Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution (PPBE) process. This phase involves the development of long-term plans and strategies, and the allocation of resources for defense programs over a six-year timeframe.

The Government Accountability Office report suggested that Space Command be located in Colorado Springs, Colorado.

The Space Surveillance Network (SSN) supplied on-orbit data for the Columbia investigation. The SSN is responsible for tracking and cataloging objects in space, including satellites, debris, and other space-based assets. In the case of the Columbia investigation, the SSN would have provided crucial data on the location and trajectory of the spacecraft prior to the accident. This information would have been vital in understanding the circumstances surrounding the incident and determining the cause of the tragedy.

Diversion is not part of a layered defense to ensure the operation of critical space systems. Diversion refers to redirecting attention or resources away from a target, which is not a measure to protect critical space systems. On the other hand, hardening of systems involves strengthening and securing the systems against potential threats. Operations security (OPSEC) focuses on identifying and protecting critical information related to space systems. Camouflage, concealment, and deception (CC&D) techniques are used to mislead and confuse potential adversaries.

The planning phase of the PPBE process involves various activities such as setting goals, planning military forces, defining the National Military Strategy, and ensuring an effective framework for managing resources. However, the statement "Set goals and revise only once during the process" is not a focus of the planning phase. Planning involves continuous assessment, evaluation, and revision of goals based on changing circumstances and requirements. Therefore, this statement does not align with the iterative nature of the planning phase in the PPBE process.

The Air Force Operational Test and Evaluation Center is a direct reporting unit that is responsible for testing new systems for the Air Force. They evaluate the operational effectiveness, suitability, and survivability of these systems in order to ensure that they meet the necessary requirements and standards. This organization plays a crucial role in the development and implementation of new technologies within the Air Force.

Aircraft employ standoff weapons as both non-kinetic and kinetic capabilities. Standoff weapons allow the aircraft to engage targets from a distance, reducing the risk to the aircraft and its crew. Non-kinetic capabilities include electronic warfare and jamming systems that disrupt enemy communications and radar systems. Kinetic capabilities refer to the use of bombs, missiles, and other projectiles to physically destroy enemy targets. Therefore, aircraft are the offensive space control resource system that employs standoff weapons as both non-kinetic and kinetic capabilities.

During the Operations and Support phase, two major efforts begin when the system deploys into the field. This phase focuses on ensuring the system's functionality, reliability, and availability in the operational environment. The first effort is to provide support and maintenance to the system, addressing any issues that may arise and ensuring its smooth operation. The second effort is to gather feedback and data from the system's performance in the field, which helps in further improving the system and addressing any shortcomings. Therefore, Operations and Support is the correct answer as it encompasses these two major efforts.

United States Northern Command (USNORTHCOM) is the correct answer because its mission is to conduct operations that deter, prevent, and defeat threats and aggression aimed at the United States. USNORTHCOM is responsible for the defense of the United States and its territories, and it works in collaboration with other combatant commands and government agencies to ensure the security of the nation.

Weaponeering is the part of the weaponeering and allocation stage that uses targeteers and planners for desired effect estimations. Targeteers and planners analyze the target and determine the type and amount of weapons needed to achieve the desired effect. They consider factors such as target vulnerability, weapon effectiveness, and mission objectives to estimate the desired effect of the weapons on the target. This information is crucial for the allocation of resources and planning of the mission.

The correct answer is the United States Strategic Command Global Operations Center. This center serves as the command center for the USSTRATCOM commander, managing their forces and providing situational awareness. It is responsible for the day-to-day management of operations and coordinating with other centers to ensure effective command and control. The Cheyenne Mountain Alternate Command Center is an alternate facility, the Air and Space Operations Center focuses on air and space operations, and the Joint Space Operations Center specializes in space operations.

The 381st Training Group provides qualification training for intercontinental ballistic missiles space surveillance, space control, missile warning, space lift, and satellite command and control (C2) operators.

An adversary without indigenous space assets would not have access to satellite communications. Satellite communications involve using satellites to transmit and receive signals for various purposes such as telecommunication, internet connectivity, and broadcasting. Without their own space assets, the adversary would not have the capability to establish or utilize satellite communications systems.

Correction of a deficiency is not a non-material solution for addressing gaps. Non-material solutions typically involve intangible factors such as training, leadership, and changes to doctrine. Correction of a deficiency, on the other hand, implies a physical or tangible action to fix a problem, which falls under the category of material solutions.

The 614th AOC, Detachment 1 is the organization that serves as the backup to the Joint Space Operations Center (JSpOC) through level change operations.

The Strategy and Plans Division of the Joint Space Operations Center (JSpOC) develops planning products to direct and synchronize Joint Functional Component Command-Space (JFCC SPACE) units through the joint space tasking order (JSTO). This division is responsible for creating strategies and plans for space operations and ensuring that all units involved are coordinated and working towards a common goal.

The correct answer is Missile tracking. The Single Integrated Space Picture (SISP) requires data on foreign missile types and headcount, which is provided by the missile tracking section. This section is responsible for monitoring and tracking missiles launched by foreign entities, collecting data on their types and numbers. This information is crucial for situational awareness and understanding the capabilities and intentions of potential adversaries.

Collection operations management relies heavily on organizations that own and operate collection and exploitation assets. These organizations are responsible for gathering and analyzing data and intelligence through various collection methods such as surveillance, reconnaissance, and information exploitation. Collection operations management involves coordinating and managing these assets to ensure effective and efficient collection efforts in accordance with specific requirements and objectives.

Technology Readiness Assessment is the process that uses metrics to assess the risks associated with technologies that will be used in major Defense Acquisition Programs (MADP). This assessment evaluates the maturity and readiness of technologies to be integrated into the acquisition programs, considering factors such as technology maturity, manufacturing readiness, and potential risks. It helps in determining if the technologies are at a sufficient level of readiness to be successfully implemented in the programs, ensuring that potential risks are identified and mitigated before proceeding further.

The correct answer is 19 July 1995. This date represents the deactivation of the Peacekeeper missile system.

The Combined Air and Space Operations Center functions as the nerve center of an air campaign. It is responsible for planning, coordinating, and executing air and space operations in a joint environment. This center brings together personnel from different branches of the military and international partners to ensure effective command and control of air assets. It plays a crucial role in managing and synchronizing air operations to achieve mission objectives.

When the theater commander, Air Force forces is dual-hatted as the Joint Forces Air and Space Component Commander (JFCC), the Director of Space Forces serves as the focal point in global and theater space operations.

The correct answer is Analysis, Correlation, and Fusion. The question is asking which team is not part of the 614 Air and Space Operations Center (AOC)/Unified Space Vault (USV). Space Control, Directed Energy, and National Systems are all part of the 614 AOC/USV, but Analysis, Correlation, and Fusion is not.

Acquisition Category I is used only for Major Defense Acquisition Programs (MDAP). MDAPs are high-value defense acquisition programs that meet specific criteria, such as having a total acquisition cost exceeding a certain threshold. This acquisition category is reserved for programs that require significant oversight and approval from senior defense officials due to their complexity, cost, and potential impact on national security. Therefore, the correct answer is I.

The agency that works with the Joint Space Operations Center (JSpOC) in processing and executing the joint space tasking order / air tasking order is the Theater Air Operations Center.

Physical security systems provide aggressive defense against terrestrial node attack and sabotage. These systems include measures such as access control, intrusion detection, surveillance cameras, and perimeter fencing, which are designed to protect physical assets and prevent unauthorized access or damage. By implementing these systems, organizations can effectively safeguard their facilities and infrastructure from potential threats and ensure the protection of critical resources and information.

During cyberspace operations, offensive space control (OSC) target elements of the terrestrial node are affected. This means that these operations have an impact on the ability to control and dominate space assets and capabilities. Cyberspace operations involve the use of computer networks and information systems to disrupt or disable an adversary's space control systems, making them an effective means of affecting OSC target elements.

After Air Force Space Command (AFSPC) receives a system and has the ability to operate and maintain it, the next step is achieving Initial Operational Capability. This means that the system is fully functional and ready to be used in real-world operations. It indicates that the system has met all the necessary requirements and can perform its intended functions effectively. This milestone marks the transition from development and testing to actual operational use.

The Commander, United States Strategic Command, approves the allocation of satellite communications (SATCOM) resources to joint force commanders. This is because the Commander, United States Strategic Command, is responsible for overseeing and coordinating all strategic forces, including space operations, and has the authority to allocate resources accordingly. The other options, such as the space coordinating authority, commander of a joint functional component command, and director of Space Forces, do not have the same level of authority or responsibility in allocating SATCOM resources.