1999 AP U.S. Govt. & Politics

A requirement that states lower their legal drinking age to eighteen as a condition of receiving funds through federal highway grant programs

Media criticism of public officials during an election campaign period

The Supreme Court's ability to overturn a lower court decision

The requirement that presidential appointments to the Supreme Court be approved by the Senate

The election of the President by the electoral college rather than by direct election

An open primary

A blanket primary

A closed primary

A runoff primary

A presidential preference primary

Has significant personal wealth

Adds balance and appeal to the national ticket

Comes from the same ideological wing of the party as the President

Can serve as the most important domestic policy adviser to the President

Can effectively preside over the Senate

Serve as fund-raising organizations for challengers

Provide members of Congress with unbiased information regarding proposed legislation

Consult with the President regarding domestic policy

Encourage broader participation in politics among the electorate

Raise campaign funds to support favored candidates

I only

IV only

I and II only

III and IV only

II, III, and IV only

Hold hearings on proposed legislation

Oversee the actions of the executive branch of the government

Decide which bills should be considered by the full Senate

Conduct hearings that make information available to the public

Reconcile differences in bills passed by the House and Senate

Justices are free from direct political pressures

Justices remain accountable to the public

Justices are encouraged to make politically popular decisions

Cooperation between the judicial and legislative branches is assured

Presidents are encouraged to seek younger nominees for the Supreme Court

The seniority system plays no role in the House and therefore committees must play a larger role

The Constitution mandates the type of committee structure in the House

Committee members are appointed by the President

The House is so large that more work can by accomplished in committees than on the floor

The majority party in the House prefers to give priority to the work of the committees

Its original jurisdiction

Its appellate jurisdiction

Instruction from the solicitor general

The special master's certification of cases for review

Congress' certification of cases for review

Using the media to draw attention to the legislative program

Assigning legislative liaisons in the Executive Office of the President to lobby legislators

Denying campaign reelection funds to legislators who oppose the President's policy stand

Exploiting a partisan majority for the President's party in both the House and Senate

Reminding legislators of high popularity fatings for the President in public opinion polls

Threatening to ask Congress to impeach specific judges

Using the media to build consensus for the President's position

Requesting that Congress reduce the term of office that judges may serve

Using the appointment process to select judges with judicial philosophies similar to those of the President

Pressuring Congress to pass the appropriate legislation to override judicial opinions

State legislative decisions desegregating public accommodations

State court decisions outlawing poll taxes

The passage of voting-rights legislation by Congress

Executive orders mandating affirmative action

The Supreme Court decision declaring state mandated school segregation to be unconstitutional

It protects the right to express opinions even without the actual use of words

It protects the use of language deemed obscene by the courts

It allows citizens to disobey laws that they believe to be unjust

It is protected from infringement by the federal government but not from infringement by state governments

It cannot be limited in any manner

Revealed the necessity of both adding the Bill of Rights to the Constitution and creating a new system of checks and balances

Demonstrated the intensity of anti-ratification sentiment within the thirteen states

Indicated that a strong, constitutionally designed national government was needed to protect property and maintain order

Convinced the delegates attending the Constitutional Convention to accept the Connecticut Plan

Reinforced the idea that slavery should be outlawed in the new Constitution

Vested in local governments

Vested in the regional governments

Vested in the central government

Divided between the central government and regional governments

Divided between regional governments and local governments

Jewish voters tend to vote Republican

Protestant voters tend to be more liberal than Roman Catholics on economic issues

More women than men identify themselves as Republicans

Rural voters are more likely to support Democratic candidates than are urban voters

African American Democrats tend to support the more liberal candidates within their party

Replacement of national party conventions by national primaries for each party

Increasing importance of presidential primaries rather than state conventions

A sharply declining role for politicial action committees (PAC's)

Decreasing cost of campaigns

Increasing control by political party leaders over outcomes

Specially appointed investigative bodies

Joint committees of the two houses of Congress

Committees created for each session

Permanent subject-matter committees

Advisory staff agencies

Commissioning officers in the armed forces

Addressing the Congress on the state of the union

Receiving ambassadors

Granting pardons for federal offenses

Forming new cabinet-level departments

Budget and Impoundment Control Act

Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act

Presidential Disability Act

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Persian Gulf War Resolution

Appeal the Court's decision to the District of Columbia's Court of Appeals

Formally request the President to veto the Court's decision

Remove certain members of teh Court and replace them with new members

Try to amend the Constitution

Reenact the same law

Members of Congress only occasionally are interested in and pay attention to constituents

The legislative process is frequently lengthy, decentralized, and characterized by compromise and bargaining

Lobbyists and political action committees successfully induce most members of Congress to trade their votes for campaign contributions

The growth in the size of Congress as organization is the principal cause of growth in the federal budget deficit

Debate in both houses is structured by elaborate rules enacted by leaders of the majority party

The President may declare war

The President must finance any war efforts from a special contingency fund

The President must bring troops home from hostilities within 60 to 90 days unless Congress extends the time

The president may not nationalize state militias without congressional consent

The President may not send troops into hostilities without a declaration of war from Congress or a resolution from the United Nations

Conservative Democrates

Liberal Republicans

Third-party representatives

Political independents

Minorities and women

Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

Supreme Court decision in Sweatt v. Painter

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Montgomery bus boycott

Voting Rights Act of 1965