Keystone Sample Questions Exam! Trivia Quiz
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Which statement best describes the relationship between cells, DNA, and proteins?
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Cells contain DNA that controls the production of proteins.
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DNA is composed of proteins that carry coded information for how cells function.
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Proteins are used to produce cells that link amino acids together into DNA.
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Cells are linked together by proteins to make different kinds of DNA molecules.
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The Keystone Sample Questions Exam! Trivia Quiz assesses understanding of the relationship between cells, DNA, and proteins. It explores gene functionality, protein synthesis, and cellular reproduction, highlighting biological variation and gene expression.
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- 2.
Genes involved in the production of abnormal red blood cells have an abnormal sequence of
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ATP molecules
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Amino acids
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Sugars
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Bases
Correct Answer
A. BasesExplanation
Genes involved in the production of abnormal red blood cells have an abnormal sequence of bases. Bases are the building blocks of DNA, and any alteration in their sequence can lead to changes in the genetic code. These changes can result in the production of abnormal red blood cells, which may cause various blood disorders or diseases. The abnormal sequence of bases can disrupt normal cellular processes, leading to the production of faulty red blood cells.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The diagram below shows some of the steps in protein synthesis. The section of DNA being used to make the strand of mRNA is known as a
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Carbohydrate
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Gene
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Ribosome
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Chromosome
Correct Answer
A. GeneExplanation
The section of DNA being used to make the strand of mRNA is known as a gene. Genes are specific sequences of DNA that contain the instructions for building proteins. During protein synthesis, the gene is transcribed into mRNA, which carries the genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes where it is translated into a protein. Therefore, the correct answer is gene.Rate this question:
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- 4.
A change in the base subunit sequence during DNA replication can result in
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Variation within an organism
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Rapid evolution of an organism
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Synthesis of antigens to protect the cell
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Synthesis of antibodies for cellular protection
Correct Answer
A. Variation within an organismExplanation
During DNA replication, a change in the base subunit sequence can lead to variations within an organism. This is because DNA replication is the process by which DNA is copied, and any errors or changes in the base subunit sequence can result in mutations. These mutations can alter the genetic information and lead to variations in traits within an organism. Therefore, a change in the base subunit sequence during DNA replication can cause variation within an organism.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The diagram below represents a yeast cell that is in the process of budding, a form of asexual reproduction. Which statement describes the outcome of this process?
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The bud will develop into a zygote.
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The two cells that result will each contain half the species number of chromosomes.
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The two cells that result will have identical DNA.
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The bud will start to divide by the process of meiotic cell division.
Correct Answer
A. The two cells that result will have identical DNA.Explanation
During the process of budding in yeast, a smaller bud forms on the parent cell and eventually separates to become a new individual. Since budding is a form of asexual reproduction, the genetic material of the parent cell is replicated and passed on to the bud. Therefore, the two cells that result from budding will have identical DNA.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Even though each body cell in an individual contains the same DNA, the functions of muscle cells and liver cells are not the same because
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Mutations usually occur in genes when muscle cells divide
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Liver tissue develops before muscle tissue
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Liver cells produce more oxygen than muscle cells
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Liver cells use different genes than muscle cells
Correct Answer
A. Liver cells use different genes than muscle cellsExplanation
The correct answer is that liver cells use different genes than muscle cells. This is because different types of cells express different genes, leading to the production of different proteins and ultimately different functions. While all cells in an individual contain the same DNA, the specific genes that are activated and expressed vary between cell types, allowing for specialization and the development of different functions in different tissues.Rate this question:
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- 7.
The flounder is a species of fish that can live in very cold water. The fish produces an "antifreeze" protein that prevents ice crystals from forming in its blood. The DNA for this protein has been identified. An enzyme is used to cut and remove this section of flounder DNA that is then spliced into the DNA of a strawberry plant. As a result, the plant can now produce a protein that makes it more resistant to the damaging effects of frost. This process is known as
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Sorting of genes
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Genetic engineering
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Recombination of chromosomes
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Mutation by deletion of genetic material
Correct Answer
A. Genetic engineeringExplanation
The given explanation is that the process described involves cutting and removing a section of flounder DNA and splicing it into the DNA of a strawberry plant. This process is known as genetic engineering, as it involves manipulating the genetic material of an organism to introduce desired traits or characteristics.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The diagram below represents an incomplete section of a DNA molecule. The boxes represent unidentified bases. When the boxes are filled in, the total number of bases represented by the letter A (both inside and outside the boxes) will be
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1
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2
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3
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4
Correct Answer
A. 3Explanation
The diagram shows three unidentified bases in the boxes. These bases could be any of the four bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), or guanine (G). Since the question specifically asks for the total number of bases represented by the letter A, we can conclude that all three unidentified bases are adenine (A). Therefore, the correct answer is 3.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which nuclear process is represented below?
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Recombination
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Fertilization
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Replication
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Transcription
Correct Answer
A. ReplicationExplanation
The correct answer is replication. Replication is the process by which DNA molecules are copied to produce identical DNA molecules. It involves the separation of the DNA strands, the synthesis of new complementary strands, and the formation of two identical DNA molecules. Recombination refers to the rearrangement of genetic material, fertilization is the fusion of gametes to form a zygote, and transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The diagram shows the results of a technique used to analyze DNA. This technique used to analyze DNA directly results in
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Synthesizing large fragments of DNA
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Separating DNA fragments on the basis of size
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Producing genetically engineered DNA molecules
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Removing the larger DNA fragments from the samples
Correct Answer
A. Separating DNA fragments on the basis of sizeExplanation
The diagram likely shows the results of gel electrophoresis, a technique used to separate DNA fragments based on their size. Gel electrophoresis involves placing DNA samples in a gel and applying an electric current. The DNA fragments move through the gel at different speeds, with smaller fragments moving faster and larger fragments moving slower. This separation based on size allows scientists to analyze and study the DNA fragments individually.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The diagram shows the results of a technique used to analyze DNA. This laboratory technique is known as
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Gel electrophoresis
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DNA replication
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Protein synthesis
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Genetic recombination
Correct Answer
A. Gel electrophoresisExplanation
Gel electrophoresis is a laboratory technique used to separate and analyze DNA fragments based on their size and charge. In this technique, DNA samples are loaded onto a gel matrix and an electric current is applied. Since DNA is negatively charged, it moves towards the positive electrode. Smaller fragments move faster and travel further through the gel, while larger fragments move slower and stay closer to the starting point. By comparing the position of DNA fragments in the gel with known markers, scientists can determine the size of the fragments and analyze the DNA sample.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The diagram below represents the synthesis of a portion of a complex molecule in an organism. Which row in the chart could be used to identify the building blocks and product in the diagram? Row Building Blocks Product (1) starch molecules glucose (2) amino acid molecules part of protein (3) sugar molecules ATP (4) DNA molecules part of starch
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Row 1
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Row 2
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Row 3
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Row 4
Correct Answer
A. Row 2Explanation
Row 2 could be used to identify the building blocks and product in the diagram because it states that the building blocks are amino acid molecules and the product is a part of protein. This is consistent with the diagram representing the synthesis of a complex molecule in an organism.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The diagram below represents a technique used in some molecular biology laboratories. This technique is a type of
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Chromatography
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Gel electrophoresis
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Direct harvesting
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Genetic engineering
Correct Answer
A. Genetic engineeringExplanation
The diagram represents a technique used in some molecular biology laboratories, and the correct answer is genetic engineering. Genetic engineering involves manipulating an organism's genes or DNA to create desired traits or produce specific proteins. The diagram likely depicts the process of modifying or manipulating genetic material in the laboratory setting. Chromatography and gel electrophoresis are techniques used to separate and analyze molecules, while direct harvesting does not involve any genetic manipulation.Rate this question:
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- 14.
A student added an enzyme to a test tube containing a sample of DNA. After a period of time, analysis of the DNA sample indicated it was now broken into three segments. The purpose of the enzyme was most likely to
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Cut the DNA at a specific location
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Move the DNA to a different organism
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Copy the DNA for protein synthesis
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Alter the DNA sequence in the segment
Correct Answer
A. Cut the DNA at a specific locationExplanation
The purpose of the enzyme was most likely to cut the DNA at a specific location. Enzymes called restriction enzymes are commonly used to cut DNA at specific sequences. These enzymes recognize and bind to specific DNA sequences and then cleave the DNA at or near those sequences, resulting in the DNA being broken into smaller fragments. This process is often used in molecular biology experiments to manipulate DNA, such as creating recombinant DNA molecules or analyzing DNA sequences.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Drugs to reduce the risk of rejection are given to organ transplant patients because the donated organ contains
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Foreign antigens
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Foreign antibodies
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DNA molecules
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Pathogenic microbes
Correct Answer
A. DNA moleculesExplanation
Drugs to reduce the risk of rejection are given to organ transplant patients because the donated organ contains DNA molecules. The DNA molecules in the donated organ are recognized as foreign by the recipient's immune system, which can trigger an immune response and lead to organ rejection. By administering drugs that suppress the immune system, the risk of rejection is reduced, allowing the transplanted organ to function properly in the recipient's body.Rate this question:
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- 16.
The diagram below represents the cloning of a carrot plant. Compared to each cell of the original carrot plant, each cell of the new plant will have
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The same number of chromosomes and the same types of genes
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The same number of chromosomes, but different types of genes
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Half the number of chromosomes and the same types of genes
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Half the number of chromosomes, but different types of genes
Correct Answer
A. The same number of chromosomes and the same types of genesExplanation
In cloning, the genetic material of the original organism is replicated to create an identical copy. Therefore, each cell of the new plant will have the same number of chromosomes as the original carrot plant, as chromosomes are replicated during cell division. Additionally, the new plant will have the same types of genes as the original plant, as the genes are also replicated along with the chromosomes.Rate this question:
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- 17.
The diagram below represents four different species of bacteria. Which statement is correct concerning the chances of survival for these species if there is a change in the environment?
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Species A has the best chance of survival because it has the most genetic diversity.
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Species C has the best chance of survival because it has no gene mutations.
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Neither species B nor species D will survive because they compete for the same resources.
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None of the species will survive because bacteria reproduce asexually.
Correct Answer
A. Species A has the best chance of survival because it has the most genetic diversity.Explanation
Species A has the best chance of survival because genetic diversity increases the likelihood that at least some individuals will have traits that allow them to adapt to changes in the environment. This means that if the environment changes, species A is more likely to have individuals with advantageous traits that can survive and reproduce. In contrast, species C having no gene mutations does not necessarily give it an advantage in a changing environment. The statement about species B and D competing for the same resources is not supported by the information given in the diagram. The statement about bacteria reproducing asexually is not relevant to the question.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Several structures are labeled in the diagram of a puppy shown below. \ Every cell in each of these structures contains
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Equal amounts of ATP
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Identical genetic information
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Proteins that are all identical
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Nelles for the synthesis of glucose
Correct Answer
A. Identical genetic informationExplanation
The correct answer is "identical genetic information." This is because genetic information, which is stored in the form of DNA, is responsible for determining the traits and characteristics of an organism. In this case, the structures labeled in the diagram of the puppy would contain cells that all have the same genetic information, as they are part of the same organism. This genetic information is passed down from the puppy's parents and determines its inherited traits.Rate this question:
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![Several structures are labeled in the diagram of a puppy shown below.
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Every cell in each of these structures contains - ProProfs](https://cdn.files.3rdl.com/210346/file.ashx "Several structures are labeled in the diagram of a puppy shown below.
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Every cell in each of these structures contains")
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