Fundamentals of Research Methods Quiz

The scientific method is a systematic methodology used by scientists to investigate phenomena and acquire new knowledge based on empirical and measurable evidence. It involves a structured approach that follows specific steps to ensure objectivity and reliability in scientific inquiry.

Deductive reasoning involves logically deriving a specific conclusion from general principles or observations, unlike emotional decisions, baseless conclusions, or random guessing.

Quantitative research involves collecting numerical data to analyze and draw conclusions. Surveys are a common method used in quantitative research to gather specific data points from a large group of people.

Qualitative research involves gathering non-numerical data to understand concepts, opinions, or experiences. This is done through methods such as conducting interviews, observations, and analyzing text or images.

Correlational research is focused on examining the relationship between variables without implying causation. It assesses the degree of association between different variables to understand patterns and trends.

A hypothesis is a proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation. It is not a proven fact, random guess, or conclusion.

A review of the related literature involves conducting a thorough search, critically evaluating sources, identifying key themes, and synthesizing information. Simply reading a few articles or relying on one source is not a comprehensive review.

Secondary research involves using existing sources of information, such as articles and studies published by others, rather than collecting new data through experiments or surveys.

An abstract in the context of a study refers to a brief summary that provides an overview of the research, including its main hypotheses, methods used, and key findings. It is not a physical object, an artistic style, or an imaginary concept.

The correct answer provides a specific demographic group that is being targeted for a particular study or intervention, which is characteristic of a target population.

Simple random sampling is a method used to ensure each individual in a population has an equal chance of being selected for a sample. This helps to eliminate bias and provide a representative sample for research or analysis purposes.

Convenience sampling involves selecting individuals who are readily available and easy to access, rather than random selection or adherence to specific criteria. Asking individuals in a shopping mall to participate is an example of convenience sampling because they are easily accessible for the researchers.

The Likert Scale was invented by Rensis Likert, an American psychologist known for his research in management styles and organizational development.

Validity in research refers to the extent to which a test or study accurately measures what it is intended to measure. It is about the appropriateness and meaningfulness of the inferences made from the results of research.

Reliability in research relates to consistency of measurement, not the accuracy of findings, ethical considerations, or sample size.

A pilot study is a small-scale preliminary study conducted to evaluate the feasibility, time, cost, risk, and potential of a larger study before undertaking it fully. It is often used in research to refine upcoming research projects or methodologies.