Introduction To Exceptionalities - Final Exam

Disability refers to an inability to do something, while Handicap refers to a disadvantage imposed on an individual in a 'handicapping situation'. It is important to understand the distinction between the two terms in order to accurately describe the experiences and challenges faced by individuals with varying abilities.

The correct answer emphasizes that not all inabilities are classified as disabilities and provides reasons for this distinction.

Universal Design refers to structures and features that are inclusive and accessible to everyone, including people with disabilities. It is not limited to specific countries, age groups, or cultural backgrounds.

Curriculum Based Measures focus on a student's responses to their actual curriculum, making it more aligned with their everyday learning. It is also considered less biased than standardized testing due to its focus on individual student performance within their own curriculum.

Education serves the dual purpose of providing academic instruction to impart knowledge and skills, as well as facilitating socialization to help individuals integrate into society.

In special education, the goal is to provide individualized support to help students improve their achievement and behavior. If a student is not showing improvement in these areas, it may indicate that the special education program is not effective.

An exceptional learner is someone who requires special education and related services to reach their full potential, highlighting the importance of personalized support in education.

Early intervention programs aim to support and strengthen the relationship between children and their natural parents, rather than replacing it or enforcing strict discipline.

Person Centered Planning involves putting the individual at the center of decision-making, allowing them to choose the services that best meet their needs and preferences.

Interindividual variation refers to differences between individuals, such as different students, while Intraindividual variation focuses on variations within the same individual, like within one student.

The early definition of Autism focused on individuals with a limited range of personal relationships and restricted interactions with their environment, highlighting their unique social and communication challenges.

Leo Kanner was the psychiatrist who conducted the groundbreaking study at Johns Hopkins University, leading to the identification of autism.

The correct answer highlights that the researcher noticed similarities between the 4 kids with Asperger syndrome and Kanner's cases, but with less severity.

Autism Spectrum Disorder is characterized by deficits in social communication, repetitive behaviors, and is typically present from early childhood.

Asperger's is known for being milder than autism, and individuals typically exhibit impaired social interaction and communication skills. Aggressive behavior, exceptional communication skills, and extreme sensitivity to light are not typically associated with Asperger's syndrome.

Autism is a spectrum disorder that affects individuals differently and is not limited to children. There is no known cure for autism and it cannot be cured with medication. Additionally, individuals with autism may experience empathy in their own way.

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) involves teaching functional skills, assessing progress continuously, and using positive reinforcement to reward desired behaviors. It does not focus on punishment, ignoring unwanted behaviors, or medication as primary methods of behavior modification.

Transition planning for individuals with Autism/Asperger's should focus on independence, community integration, and tailored support services to help them succeed in various aspects of their lives.

The dimensions of voice refer to pitch, loudness, and quality, which are related to speech sounds and the nonlinguistic aspects of speech. The incorrect answers provided are related to physical appearance, weather conditions, and physical dimensions, which are not relevant to the dimensions of voice.

Milieu teaching is a specific method that focuses on teaching functional language skills in natural environments through child-initiated communication.

Encoding involves converting a nerve signal for the brain's use, while decoding involves translating written words into speech. The incorrect answers provided do not accurately define the concept of encoding vs. decoding.

Deaf culture is a community of individuals who are proud of their deafness and share a common language and cultural identity rooted in sign language.

The physiology of the ear involves a complex mechanism of sound detection using the structures like the eardrum, cochlea, and hair cells in the inner ear. This process is not related to taste buds, skin, or smell detection.

Congenitally deaf refers to individuals who are born deaf, whereas adventitiously deaf individuals acquire deafness at some time after birth. The incorrect answers do not accurately describe the distinction between congenital and acquired deafness.

Prelingual deafness refers to individuals who are born deaf or become deaf before they have acquired speech and language skills. Postlingual deafness, on the other hand, occurs after an individual has already developed speech and language abilities.

Braille is a system of raised dots that can be felt with the fingertips, allowing blind individuals to read and write. It is not related to Morse code, sign language, or hieroglyphics.