Introduction Human Biology 107 Quiz

Enzymes are biological molecules that act as catalysts to speed up reactions in cells. They do not slow down reactions, have a significant impact on cellular processes, and are essential for various biochemical processes.

Denaturation refers to the permanent disruption of protein structure, leading to loss of function. It is not reversible, unlike reversible binding of protein molecules. Denaturation does not enhance protein function, but rather impairs it. It also does not result in the formation of new protein structures, but rather the unfolding or disruption of existing structures.

Denaturation in biochemistry refers to the process where the shape of a molecule is altered due to unfavorable external conditions. The correct factors that cause denaturation are temperature, pH, and Ion Concentration. Pressure, time, and light do not typically cause denaturation.

A solvent is typically a liquid that has the ability to dissolve other substances. It is not a solid, gas, or plasma.

Hydrogen ions play a crucial role in determining the acidity or basicity of a substance, as well as being a key component of the pH scale and buffers.

Acids donate protons, bases accept protons, pH measures hydrogen ion concentration, and buffers help maintain stable pH levels by minimizing changes.

The acronym CHON stands for Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen, which are elements commonly found in living organisms and essential for life processes.

The correct answer includes elements that are essential for the structure and function of biological molecules in living organisms, whereas the incorrect answers consist of elements that are either not typically abundant in living things or not essential for life processes.

Carbon can form single or double bonds with other atoms, and can also form macro and micro molecules through various bonding configurations.

Dehydration synthesis is a chemical reaction that involves the removal of water molecules to bond two molecules together. This process requires energy to break the bonds between the molecules and remove water.

The four main types of macromolecules that make up living organisms are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates made up of a few monosaccharide units joined together. Disaccharides consist of two monosaccharides, polysaccharides consist of many monosaccharides, and lipids are a different type of biomolecules.

Lipids contain both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) regions, which is essential for their functions in biological systems.

Fats primarily serve as a long-term energy storage source, provide cushioning to protect organs, and aid in insulation to maintain body temperature. The incorrect answers do not accurately represent the functions of fats.

In hydrogen bonds, polar molecules with partial positive and negative charges are attracted to each other due to their opposite charges, similar to how a magnet works.

Covalent bond involves the sharing of electrons between two atoms in order to achieve stable electron configurations. This sharing allows both atoms to fill their outermost shells and forms a strong bond.

An ion is an atom or molecule that has a net electrical charge due to the loss or gain of electrons. This process results in the atom being positively or negatively charged, making it different from an uncharged atom, a molecule, or a subatomic particle.

A cation is an ion that has more protons than electrons, resulting in a positive charge. It is not neutral, negatively charged, or an isotope, which refers to variants of elements with different numbers of neutrons.

A hydrogen bond specifically involves charged regions of molecules and a covalent hydrogen atom, distinguishing it from other types of bonds.

Dehydration Synthesis is involved in making large biological molecules by combining smaller subunits, while Hydrolysis is involved in breaking down larger molecules into smaller components.

When thousands of monosaccharides join together in chains and branches, they form polysaccharides, not oligosaccharides which are formed by smaller numbers of monosaccharides.

Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates made up of long chains of monosaccharide units. Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are common examples of polysaccharides found in plants and animals.

The term hydrophillic specifically describes molecules that are polar and have an affinity for water, allowing them to dissolve in water easily. Nonpolar molecules repel water, organic compounds are not necessarily insoluble in water, and ionic molecules do not necessarily react with water in the same way as hydrophillic molecules.

Fatty acids typically form double bonds between two carbon atoms, contributing to their chemical structure and properties.

Fatty acids can be classified based on their degree of unsaturation as either mono or polyunsaturated. Saturated fats contain no double bonds, while trans fats have a specific arrangement of double bonds. Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids are specific types of polyunsaturated fats. Saturated and monounsaturated fats are completely saturated with hydrogen atoms and contain only single bonds.

Triglycerides consist of a glycerol molecule and three fatty acid molecules. The incorrect answers provided do not accurately represent the components of triglycerides.