Raskin - Chapter 2 - Quiz, Flashcards & Trivia

1. What does the ABCDE model refer to?

A model of economic growth; A = agriculture; B = banking; C = commerce; D = development; E = exports.

A model of the human brain structure; A = amygdala; B = basal ganglia; C = cerebellum; D = dendrites; E = endorphins.

A model of team dynamics in the workplace; A = authority; B = balance; C = communication; D = decisions; E = effectiveness.

REBT model of how psychological problems originate and how to fix them; A = activating event; B = beliefs; C = emotional consequences of beliefs; D = disputing beliefs; and E = more effective beliefs that replace those that were disputed.

The ABCDE model refers to the REBT model in psychology, not to models of brain structure, team dynamics or economic growth.

Explanation

The ABCDE model refers to the REBT model in psychology, not to models of brain structure, team dynamics or economic growth.

2. What does the term 'allele' refer to?

The sum total of an individual's genetic material

A type of protein found in cells

A unit of heredity made up of DNA

Name for each of the two different versions of every gene; dominant alleles take priority in influencing how particular characteristics genetically unfold, while recessive alleles only influence development when a person inherits two of them (one from each parent).

An allele specifically refers to the different versions of a gene that can exist, not to proteins, units of heredity, or an individual's overall genetic material.

Explanation

An allele specifically refers to the different versions of a gene that can exist, not to proteins, units of heredity, or an individual's overall genetic material.

3. What are amino acids?

Simple sugars that provide energy for the body.

Building blocks of DNA and RNA.

Chemical compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen; GABA and glutamate are amino acid-based neurotransmitters.

Lipids that help store energy in the body.

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are essential for various functions in the body, including the synthesis of neurotransmitters like GABA and glutamate.

Explanation

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are essential for various functions in the body, including the synthesis of neurotransmitters like GABA and glutamate.

4. What is the function of the amygdala in the brain?

Almond-sized area deep in the limbic system area of the brain that has been implicated in regulation of emotions such as fear and anger.

The primary visual processing center in the brain.

A part of the brain responsible for motor control and coordination.

Responsible for regulating the body's internal clock and sleep-wake cycle.

The correct answer describes the amygdala's role in regulating emotions, particularly fear and anger, in the brain.

Explanation

The correct answer describes the amygdala's role in regulating emotions, particularly fear and anger, in the brain.

5. What is an anal-expulsive personality according to Freudian psychology?

A personality style associated with a strong need for attention and admiration.

A personality trait related to excessive cleanliness and organization.

Fixated anal stage personality style characterized by resisting the need for ego regulation; anal-expulsive individuals are messy, reckless, disobedient, and disorganized.

A personality type characterized by extreme introversion and social withdrawal.

Freudian theory suggests that during the anal stage of development, individuals may develop anal-retentive or anal-expulsive personalities. Anal-expulsive personalities are messy, reckless, disobedient, and disorganized, in contrast to anal-retentive personalities who are overly neat and perfectionistic.

Explanation

Freudian theory suggests that during the anal stage of development, individuals may develop anal-retentive or anal-expulsive personalities. Anal-expulsive personalities are messy, reckless, disobedient, and disorganized, in contrast to anal-retentive personalities who are overly neat and perfectionistic.

6. What is the personality style characterized by strict ego regulation, rigidity, neatness, stinginess, stubbornness, and high organization?

Fixated anal stage personality style characterized by strict ego regulation; anal-retentive individuals are rigid, neat, stingy, stubborn, and highly organized.

Depression

Schizophrenia

Narcissism

Anal-retentive is a term used in psychology to describe individuals with a fixated anal stage personality style. They are known for their strict ego regulation and various other characteristics such as rigidity, neatness, stinginess, stubbornness, and high organization. The other options provided, schizophrenia, narcissism, and depression, do not encompass the specific traits associated with an anal-retentive personality style.

Explanation

Anal-retentive is a term used in psychology to describe individuals with a fixated anal stage personality style. They are known for their strict ego regulation and various other characteristics such as rigidity, neatness, stinginess, stubbornness, and high organization. The other options provided, schizophrenia, narcissism, and depression, do not encompass the specific traits associated with an anal-retentive personality style.

7. What is assimilative integration in therapy?

The automatic integration of all available therapies without consideration for theoretical differences.

A therapy approach that ignores all other theoretical perspectives and techniques.

The process of therapists blending multiple techniques without understanding their underlying theoretical principles.

Process by which therapists operating from one theoretical perspective, when incorporating a technique from another theoretical perspective, carefully consider how the theory they are using and the theory from which they are co-opting a technique are both changed.

Assimilative integration in therapy involves a thoughtful incorporation of techniques from diverse theoretical perspectives, taking into account how the underlying theories are impacted by this integration.

Explanation

Assimilative integration in therapy involves a thoughtful incorporation of techniques from diverse theoretical perspectives, taking into account how the underlying theories are impacted by this integration.

8. What does attachment theory emphasize?

Emphasizes how early childhood relational attachments affect later psychological functioning.

Attachment theory is related to the study of plant growth and development.

Attachment theory focuses on physical attachments between objects.

Attachment theory explores the importance of siblings in one's life.

Attachment theory is a psychological framework that highlights the impact of early childhood relationships on an individual's later emotional and cognitive development.

Explanation

Attachment theory is a psychological framework that highlights the impact of early childhood relationships on an individual's later emotional and cognitive development.

9. What are automatic thoughts?

Thoughts that require intentional effort to think about.

Conscious thoughts that only occur during meditation.

Spontaneous thoughts that occur to us throughout daily life.

Irregular thoughts that are pre-planned in advance.

Automatic thoughts are quick, rapid, and reflexive thoughts that pop into our mind without much conscious awareness or effort. They are often influenced by our subconscious mind and can impact our emotions and behaviors.

Explanation

Automatic thoughts are quick, rapid, and reflexive thoughts that pop into our mind without much conscious awareness or effort. They are often influenced by our subconscious mind and can impact our emotions and behaviors.

10. What is awfulizing?

A form of art that focuses on creating disturbing and grotesque images.

REBT term for the irrational tendency to interpret things as more awful than they truly are.

A term used in slang to describe something extremely cool or excellent.

The act of exaggerating the negative aspects of a situation without any basis in reality.

Awfulizing is a term used in Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) to describe the irrational tendency to interpret events or situations as more awful than they truly are, leading to unnecessary stress and anxiety.

Explanation

Awfulizing is a term used in Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) to describe the irrational tendency to interpret events or situations as more awful than they truly are, leading to unnecessary stress and anxiety.

11. What is behavior therapy?

A holistic approach to mental health that emphasizes mindfulness and meditation.

Applies the principles of classical and operant conditioning, as well as social learning, to alter behavior deemed abnormal.

A form of physical therapy focused on improving mobility.

A type of psychotherapy that focuses on uncovering unconscious conflicts.

Behavior therapy is a specific type of therapy that utilizes conditioning and learning principles to address abnormal behaviors.

Explanation

Behavior therapy is a specific type of therapy that utilizes conditioning and learning principles to address abnormal behaviors.

12. What do behavioral perspectives focus on?

Exploring cognitive processes in abnormal behavior.

Define abnormality in terms of behavior, and see abnormal behavior as caused by environmental conditioning and social learning.

Examining genetic factors for abnormal behavior.

Analyzing dreams and unconscious desires.

Behavioral perspectives in psychology define abnormality in terms of behavior and attribute abnormal behavior to environmental conditioning and social learning, as opposed to analyzing dreams, genetic factors, or cognitive processes.

Explanation

Behavioral perspectives in psychology define abnormality in terms of behavior and attribute abnormal behavior to environmental conditioning and social learning, as opposed to analyzing dreams, genetic factors, or cognitive processes.

13. What do brain chemistry perspectives focus on?

Historical perspectives on brain development.

Sociocultural factors affecting cognitive processes.

Genetic perspectives on personality traits.

Biological approaches to abnormality that focus on neurotransmitters (chemicals in the brain) and how they influence cognition, emotion, and behavior.

Brain chemistry perspectives primarily deal with the biological aspects of abnormality, particularly focusing on neurotransmitters and their impact on cognition, emotion, and behavior.

Explanation

Brain chemistry perspectives primarily deal with the biological aspects of abnormality, particularly focusing on neurotransmitters and their impact on cognition, emotion, and behavior.

14. What is the function of the brain stem?

Regulates memory consolidation and learning.

Connects the brain to the spinal cord; plays a role in many involuntary activities, such as breathing, heart rate, digestion, blood pressure, body temperature, perspiration, and sleeping.

Manages emotions and decision-making processes.

Controls voluntary movements of the body.

The brain stem is primarily responsible for connecting the brain to the spinal cord and regulating various involuntary activities in the body.

Explanation

The brain stem is primarily responsible for connecting the brain to the spinal cord and regulating various involuntary activities in the body.

15. How do biological approaches to abnormality emphasize brain structure and function perspectives?

Psychological theories focusing on conscious and unconscious processes in the mind.

Sociocultural perspectives analyzing the impact of society and culture on behavior.

Behavioral approaches studying observable behaviors and their consequences.

Biological approaches to abnormality emphasizing how the functioning (or malfunctioning) of different areas in the brain influences abnormal behavior.

The correct answer focuses specifically on how brain structure and function influence abnormal behavior, while the incorrect answers highlight other perspectives such as psychological, sociocultural, and behavioral theories.

Explanation

The correct answer focuses specifically on how brain structure and function influence abnormal behavior, while the incorrect answers highlight other perspectives such as psychological, sociocultural, and behavioral theories.

16. What are Catecholamines?

Proteins that facilitate muscle contraction.

A type of monoamine neurotransmitter; dopamine and norepinephrine are catecholamines.

Bacteria found in the intestines.

A type of carbohydrate found in plants.

Catecholamines are a type of monoamine neurotransmitter, specifically dopamine and norepinephrine, that play a key role in the body's stress response and regulation of mood.

Explanation

Catecholamines are a type of monoamine neurotransmitter, specifically dopamine and norepinephrine, that play a key role in the body's stress response and regulation of mood.

17. What is the function of the cerebellum?

Region of the brain associated with long-term memory and decision-making.

A lower area of the brain behind the brain stem that is implicated in voluntary movement, balance, attention, and language.

Part of the brain that regulates emotions and social behavior.

Responsible for processing visual and auditory information.

The cerebellum is primarily involved in motor control, coordination, balance, and cognitive functions such as attention and language. It is not responsible for processing sensory information, regulating emotions, or long-term memory and decision-making.

Explanation

The cerebellum is primarily involved in motor control, coordination, balance, and cognitive functions such as attention and language. It is not responsible for processing sensory information, regulating emotions, or long-term memory and decision-making.

18. What are chromosomes?

Chromosomes are only found in plants.

Only females have chromosomes.

Each person has 23 sets of them; they are made of DNA; genes are contained at random intervals along them.

They are composed of proteins and lipids.

Chromosomes are structures made of DNA that contain our genes. Each person has 23 pairs of chromosomes, one set inherited from each parent.

Explanation

Chromosomes are structures made of DNA that contain our genes. Each person has 23 pairs of chromosomes, one set inherited from each parent.

19. What are coalitions?

A term used in business to describe the combination of multiple companies into one entity.

A method used in mining to extract coal from the earth.

In family therapy, when some family members align with one another against other family members; can lead to dysfunctional interactions.

A type of political alliance formed between countries.

Coalitions in the context of family therapy refer to the alignment of some family members against others, leading to dysfunctional interactions.

Explanation

Coalitions in the context of family therapy refer to the alignment of some family members against others, leading to dysfunctional interactions.

20. What are cognitive distortions?

A type of medication used to treat cognitive disorders.

Errors in thinking that lead to emotional distress.

A technique for enhancing memory and cognitive functions.

Positive thinking patterns that improve mental health.

Cognitive distortions are common thinking errors that can contribute to negative emotions and unhealthy behaviors.

Explanation

Cognitive distortions are common thinking errors that can contribute to negative emotions and unhealthy behaviors.

21. What do cognitive perspectives emphasize as the root causes of abnormal behavior?

Biological factors as root causes

Environmental stressors as root causes

Emphasize thoughts and beliefs as the root causes of abnormal behavior.

Social upbringing as root causes

Cognitive perspectives in psychology focus on the role of thoughts and beliefs in influencing behavior, suggesting that abnormal behavior is primarily a result of distorted or dysfunctional thoughts and beliefs.

Explanation

Cognitive perspectives in psychology focus on the role of thoughts and beliefs in influencing behavior, suggesting that abnormal behavior is primarily a result of distorted or dysfunctional thoughts and beliefs.

22. What is the cognitive specificity hypothesis?

Proposes that all disorders have the same cognitive interpretation of events.

Holds that each disorder has a unique way in which its sufferers cognitively interpret events.

Suggests that disorders are not influenced by cognitive factors.

States that cognitive interpretation does not play a role in mental disorders.

The correct answer highlights the idea that different mental disorders lead individuals to interpret events in unique ways, which is the foundation of the cognitive specificity hypothesis.

Explanation

The correct answer highlights the idea that different mental disorders lead individuals to interpret events in unique ways, which is the foundation of the cognitive specificity hypothesis.