Understanding Key Educational Theories and Their Influencers Quiz

1. What is the mechanism by which new material presented in academic settings can be integrated into existing mental structures?

Accommodation theory

Schema theory

Assimilation theory

Asubel Subsumption theory (Ausubel, 1963) (Ausubel, Novak, & Hanesian, 1978)

Subsumption theory, as proposed by Ausubel, focuses on the process of integrating new knowledge into existing mental structures. The key to this process is the use of 'advance organizers' to help learners connect new information with what they already know.

Explanation

Subsumption theory, as proposed by Ausubel, focuses on the process of integrating new knowledge into existing mental structures. The key to this process is the use of 'advance organizers' to help learners connect new information with what they already know.

2. Behavior can be learned through observation of others. The initial phase of his research analyzed the foundations of human learning and the propensity of children and adults to imitate behavior observed in others.

Watson

Piaget

Skinner

Bandura Observational Learning Theory (Bandura, 1997)

Albert Bandura is best known for his work on social learning theory, also known as observational learning theory. This theory emphasizes the importance of observing and modeling the behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others. Bandura's research laid the groundwork for understanding how behavior can be learned through observation of others.

Explanation

Albert Bandura is best known for his work on social learning theory, also known as observational learning theory. This theory emphasizes the importance of observing and modeling the behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others. Bandura's research laid the groundwork for understanding how behavior can be learned through observation of others.

3. According to Gagne, for different kinds of learning (motor skills, verbal skills, cognitive, intellectual, attitude), different conditions are needed, so different strategies should be used.

Piaget

Bloom

Gagne The conditions of learning (1965, 1985)

Vygotsky

Robert Gagne's Conditions of Learning theory emphasizes the importance of considering different learning conditions for various types of learning, which informs the design of effective instructional strategies.

Explanation

Robert Gagne's Conditions of Learning theory emphasizes the importance of considering different learning conditions for various types of learning, which informs the design of effective instructional strategies.

4. Who wrote about the importance of participation in meaningful projects, learning by doing, and problem-solving in education?

Vygotsky

Piaget

Skinner

Dewey Learning by doing Wrote Experience and Education in 1938

John Dewey emphasized the value of hands-on learning experiences in education, as discussed in his book 'Experience and Education' published in 1938. The other options, Piaget, Skinner, and Vygotsky, also made significant contributions to the field of education but did not specifically focus on the concept of learning by doing as prominently as Dewey.

Explanation

John Dewey emphasized the value of hands-on learning experiences in education, as discussed in his book 'Experience and Education' published in 1938. The other options, Piaget, Skinner, and Vygotsky, also made significant contributions to the field of education but did not specifically focus on the concept of learning by doing as prominently as Dewey.

5. Who proposed that individuals actively construct knowledge by comparing new ideas or concepts with their current knowledge (schema or mental models)?

Vygotsky

Dewey

Bruner Constructivism (Bruner, 1960)

Piaget

Constructivism, as proposed by Bruner in 1960, emphasizes the active role of individuals in learning and knowledge construction.

Explanation

Constructivism, as proposed by Bruner in 1960, emphasizes the active role of individuals in learning and knowledge construction.

6. Who is credited with the theory of cognitive structures and the four primary cognitive development stages?

B.F. Skinner

Jean Piaget Genetic Epistemology (Piaget, 1963)

Erik Erikson

Lev Vygotsky

Jean Piaget is known for his work in genetic epistemology, which focuses on the development of cognitive structures in children. His theory of cognitive development outlines the four primary stages of intelligence from sensorimotor to formal operations.

Explanation

Jean Piaget is known for his work in genetic epistemology, which focuses on the development of cognitive structures in children. His theory of cognitive development outlines the four primary stages of intelligence from sensorimotor to formal operations.

7. Who is credited with the development of classical conditioning?

Watson

Skinner

Freud

Pavlov (Pavlov, 1927)

Classical conditioning was first systematically studied by Ivan Pavlov in the 1920s through his famous experiments with dogs.

Explanation

Classical conditioning was first systematically studied by Ivan Pavlov in the 1920s through his famous experiments with dogs.

8. Who is credited with the development of operant conditioning theory?

Watson

Skinner (Skinner, 1938)

Maslow

Pavlov

Skinner, a renowned psychologist, is recognized for his research and work on operant conditioning, which focuses on how behavior is influenced by consequences.

Explanation

Skinner, a renowned psychologist, is recognized for his research and work on operant conditioning, which focuses on how behavior is influenced by consequences.

9. Who is credited with the concept of connectionism?

Skinner

Bandura

Thorndike (Thorndike, 1911)

Pavlov

Edward Thorndike was an American psychologist who formulated the laws of learning through his research on animals. His work on connectionism emphasized the importance of practice and rewards in learning.

Explanation

Edward Thorndike was an American psychologist who formulated the laws of learning through his research on animals. His work on connectionism emphasized the importance of practice and rewards in learning.

10. What is the correct view on learning according to Merrill (1991)?

Knowledge is constructed from experience

Merrill (Merrill, 1991)

Learning is an active process in which meaning is developed on the basis of experience

Learning is a personal interpretation of the world

Merrill (1991) emphasizes that conceptual growth in learning comes from the negotiation of meaning, sharing perspectives, and collaborative learning, rather than just based on individual experience or personal interpretation.

Explanation

Merrill (1991) emphasizes that conceptual growth in learning comes from the negotiation of meaning, sharing perspectives, and collaborative learning, rather than just based on individual experience or personal interpretation.