Sigmund Freud Theory Of Psychoanalysis Quiz

1. How does Freud define personality? What is psychoanalysis and what are some of the psychoanalytic techniques used by Freud?

- personality reflects conflicting forces within the individual, including some that the individual may not consciously recognize
-can be used to uncover the and interpret the unconscious
Freud used: HYPNOSIS, FREE ASSOCIATION, DREAM ANALYSIS, FREUDIAN SLIPS

Personality is solely determined by genetics and biological factors.

Psychoanalysis focuses on changing external behavior through reinforcement and punishment.

Freud believed personality is fixed and cannot be altered through therapy.

2. According to Freud, what are the three fundamental components of personality, and what are their characteristics?

Id- conscious desires for long-term goals, super ego- innate sense of morality, ego- impulsive reactions without considering consequences

Id- ego-centric tendencies, super ego- emotional intelligence, ego- subconscious thoughts

Id- desire for recognition, super ego- impulse control, ego- emotional expression

Id- unconscious drives for immediate pleasure
super ego- learned rules for appropriate social behavior (conscience)
ego- rational decision-making center that balances the id and super ego

Freud proposed that the id consists of unconscious drives seeking immediate pleasure, the super ego represents learned social rules and conscience, while the ego acts as a rational decision-making center balancing the id and super ego

Explanation

Freud proposed that the id consists of unconscious drives seeking immediate pleasure, the super ego represents learned social rules and conscience, while the ego acts as a rational decision-making center balancing the id and super ego

3. According to Freud, what are the five psychosexual stages of personality development? What are some of the problems that arise when someone fails to resolve the conflict from one of these stages?

1. Cognitive, emotional, behavioral, social, existential

1. Oral- sucking, biting2. Anal- bowel and bladder elimination3. Phallic- pleasure zone in genital4. Latency- dormant sexual feelings5. Genital- maturation
* unresolved conflict of fixation to any one of the stage can lead to maladaptive behavior in adulthood

2. Ego, superego, id, unconscious, conscious

3. Birth, infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood

The correct answer provides a detailed explanation of Freud's five psychosexual stages along with potential problems that may arise if conflicts are not resolved. Incorrect answer 1 refers to different areas of development unrelated to psychosexual stages. Incorrect answer 2 combines Freud's concepts of personality structure with stages of personality development. Incorrect answer 3 presents different developmental stages of life that do not align with Freud's psychosexual stages.

Explanation

The correct answer provides a detailed explanation of Freud's five psychosexual stages along with potential problems that may arise if conflicts are not resolved. Incorrect answer 1 refers to different areas of development unrelated to psychosexual stages. Incorrect answer 2 combines Freud's concepts of personality structure with stages of personality development. Incorrect answer 3 presents different developmental stages of life that do not align with Freud's psychosexual stages.

4. According to Freud, what is a defense mechanism? What are the 7 mechanisms we discussed? If I gave you an example of a specific behavior, you should be able to identify the defense mechanism it illustrates.

A defense mechanism refers to the process of identifying and correcting errors in behavior.

- the ego's attempt to reduce anxiety arising from conflicts between the id and super ego.
1. REPRESSION: suppressing undesirable thoughts2. REGRESSION: returning to a more juvenile level to escape responsibility3. REACTION FORMATION: presenting oneself as the opposite as what one really is4. PROJECTION: attributing your undesirable characteristics to people5. RATIONALIZATION: attempting to prove that actions are justifiable6. DISPLACEMENT: diverting a behavior or thought from its natural target to a less threatening one7. DENIAL: refusing to believe information that makes you anxious.

Defense mechanisms are exclusively related to physical fitness and sporting activities.

A defense mechanism is a physical barrier used for protection.

Defense mechanisms, according to Freud, are psychological strategies used by the ego to reduce anxiety. They do not involve physical barriers, error correction, or physical fitness.

Explanation

Defense mechanisms, according to Freud, are psychological strategies used by the ego to reduce anxiety. They do not involve physical barriers, error correction, or physical fitness.

5. What is a projective (or implicit) test and what are two examples? Are these tests reliable and valid?

Tests that assess knowledge through multiple-choice questions. SAT, ACT.

Tests that measure physical traits through observation. Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.

Tests that require direct responses to specific questions. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.

- tests that use ambiguous stimuli to trigger projection of one's inner dynamics
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)Rorscharch Inkblot Test
- lack of reliability and validity - results are inconsistent.

Projective tests like the TAT and Rorschach Inkblot Test are designed to tap into unconscious thoughts and emotions, making reliability and validity difficult to establish due to the subjective nature of interpretation.

Explanation

Projective tests like the TAT and Rorschach Inkblot Test are designed to tap into unconscious thoughts and emotions, making reliability and validity difficult to establish due to the subjective nature of interpretation.

6. What is the humanistic perspective on personality? What does it focus on? What is meant by self-actualization, self-concept, self-esteem, and the self-serving bias?

The humanistic perspective on personality focuses on the negative aspects of human nature.

Self-concept refers to thoughts and feelings about others, not oneself.

Focuses on the positive image of what it means to be human. Human nature is viewed as basically good, and humanistic theorists focus on methods that allow fulfillment of potential.
- self-concept- all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answering "Who am I?" - self-actualization- the ultimate psychological needs are arise after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential (we are all acorns)

Self-actualization is a term used to describe physical needs rather than psychological needs.

The humanistic perspective on personality emphasizes the positive aspects of human nature, self-concept is about oneself, not others, and self-actualization relates to fulfilling psychological needs, not just physical needs.

Explanation

The humanistic perspective on personality emphasizes the positive aspects of human nature, self-concept is about oneself, not others, and self-actualization relates to fulfilling psychological needs, not just physical needs.

7. What are the limitations of humanistic theory?

It fails to account for the influence of genetics and biology on behavior.

It is too focused on individual growth and self-actualization.

It overlooks the impact of environmental factors on personality development.

It is naive.
not all people are nice and happy. some people born evil...?

Humanistic theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature, ignoring the complexities of individual differences and the potential for negative traits or behaviors in people. It does not fully consider the role of biology, genetics, and environmental influences in shaping personality and behavior.

Explanation

Humanistic theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature, ignoring the complexities of individual differences and the potential for negative traits or behaviors in people. It does not fully consider the role of biology, genetics, and environmental influences in shaping personality and behavior.

8. What is the trait theory of personality? What are the Big 5 (OCEAN or CANOE) and what statistical procedure did researchers use to identify them? What are the characteristics of these 5 personality traits, and how do psychologists measure them?

Trait theory of personality states that each individual has a unique set of traits that distinguish them from others, and researchers use projective tests to identify the Big 5 personality traits.

- belief that people have consistent personalities- GOAL: to identify a relatively small # os basic traits that can be used to describe everyone!!!! The BIG 5: N. E. O. A. C. -NEUROTICISM- emotional stability- EXTRAVERSION - OPENESS to EXPERIENCE- AGREEABLNESS- CONSCIENTIOUSNESS
use: set of "rating" type questions. Myer Briggs Indicator, Minnesota Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Trait theory of personality suggests that people's personalities are influenced by their surroundings, and the Big 5 personality traits are NEOAC with measurements done through self-report questionnaires.

Trait theory of personality focuses on the idea that personalities are shaped by one's childhood experiences, with the Big 5 personality traits being N. E. O. A. C. measured through physiological tests.

9. How stable are personality traits over time? Are there any noticeable changes that occur in personality as we get older?

Personality traits are extremely unstable and change drastically over time.

Fairly stable. especially adulthood.
- NEO- decrease at you get olderAC- tend to increase with age

Personality traits only change during adolescence and then remain constant throughout adulthood.

Personality traits remain the same at all stages of life.

Personality traits are generally considered to be fairly stable, especially in adulthood. While there may be some changes in traits as individuals age, the overall consensus is that traits tend to remain consistent to some degree over time. NEO traits tend to decrease with age, while AC traits tend to increase according to research and studies.

Explanation

Personality traits are generally considered to be fairly stable, especially in adulthood. While there may be some changes in traits as individuals age, the overall consensus is that traits tend to remain consistent to some degree over time. NEO traits tend to decrease with age, while AC traits tend to increase according to research and studies.

10. To what extent are personality characteristics genetically inherited? (What type of study is used to determine heritability?)

0.3 correlation - use Cross-Sectional studies!

0.2 correlation - use Case-Control studies!

0.5 correlation
- use TWIN studies! :)

0.8 correlation - use Longitudinal studies!

The correct answer is 0.5 correlation which is determined using Twin studies to estimate the heritability of personality characteristics.

Explanation

The correct answer is 0.5 correlation which is determined using Twin studies to estimate the heritability of personality characteristics.

11. Are personality traits, such as the Big 5 useful in predicting other personal attributes?

High C+O- positive school perfromancelow A+C - juvilelle delinquethigh N, low C- internalizing disorders

The Big 5 has no impact on other personal attributes.

Personality traits are not useful in predicting personal attributes.

Personality traits cannot be linked to external behaviors.

The Big 5 personality traits have been found to be useful in predicting various personal attributes and behaviors. For example, high Conscientiousness and Openness tend to predict positive school performance, while low Agreeableness and Conscientiousness are associated with juvenile delinquency. Additionally, high Neuroticism and low Conscientiousness are linked to internalizing disorders.

Explanation

The Big 5 personality traits have been found to be useful in predicting various personal attributes and behaviors. For example, high Conscientiousness and Openness tend to predict positive school performance, while low Agreeableness and Conscientiousness are associated with juvenile delinquency. Additionally, high Neuroticism and low Conscientiousness are linked to internalizing disorders.

12. What is the MMPI and what is it used for? How does it screen out people who may be lying?

It is a medical diagnostic tool used for physical illnesses.

It is a financial assessment tool used for investments.

It is a tool for testing IQ and cognitive abilities.

- assesses abnormal personality traits

The MMPI is specifically designed to assess abnormal personality traits and psychopathology, not for medical diagnosis, financial assessments, or testing cognitive abilities.

Explanation

The MMPI is specifically designed to assess abnormal personality traits and psychopathology, not for medical diagnosis, financial assessments, or testing cognitive abilities.

13. What are some of the limitations of trait theory? In particular, what are some of the problems associated with measuring traits?

- trait theory does not consider situational influences on behavior.

- measuring traits is straightforward and does not require statistical analysis.

- we don't know if people are able to describe themselves accurately - how do we prevent lying?

- traits are not stable over time.

Trait theory has limitations when it comes to accurately measuring traits due to the potential inaccuracies in self-reporting, which can lead to problems like lying. Other limitations include the stability of traits over time and the failure to consider situational influences on behavior.

Explanation

Trait theory has limitations when it comes to accurately measuring traits due to the potential inaccuracies in self-reporting, which can lead to problems like lying. Other limitations include the stability of traits over time and the failure to consider situational influences on behavior.

14. What is the social-cognitive theory of personality? What does it focus on compared to trait theory?

Social-cognitive theory of personality prioritizes emotional intelligence over cognitive processes, while trait theory does the opposite.

The social-cognitive theory of personality focuses solely on individual characteristics and dispositions, while trait theory considers social influences as well.

The social-cognitive theory of personality is centered around genetic predispositions and inherited traits, unlike trait theory.

-based on work of Bandura and others- focuses on the concepts or learning and cognition and the power of social situations (external factors) - a more behavioral approach

The correct answer explains that the social-cognitive theory of personality is more behaviorally oriented and focuses on learning, cognition, and social factors. The incorrect answers provide false statements that contrast the key points of the correct answer.

Explanation

The correct answer explains that the social-cognitive theory of personality is more behaviorally oriented and focuses on learning, cognition, and social factors. The incorrect answers provide false statements that contrast the key points of the correct answer.

15. What is meant by reciprocal determinism and locus of control? Be sure to understand the difference between internal and external locus of control.

A. The belief that only external factors influence our behavior.

- interacting influences between personality and environmental factors (when you think someone is mad at you.... and then they get mad at you because of it.)
- internal: we are in control of our own fate- external: forced beyond our control determine our fate.

B. The idea that fate is solely determined by internal factors.

D. The notion that environmental factors have no impact on our behavior.

C. The concept that personality is fixed and unchangeable.

Reciprocal determinism involves the interaction between personality and environmental factors, while locus of control refers to the belief of whether we are in control of our fate (internal locus) or if external forces determine our fate (external locus). The incorrect answers provided do not accurately represent these concepts.

Explanation

Reciprocal determinism involves the interaction between personality and environmental factors, while locus of control refers to the belief of whether we are in control of our fate (internal locus) or if external forces determine our fate (external locus). The incorrect answers provided do not accurately represent these concepts.

16. What is learned helplessness?

A form of self-help therapy focused on positive affirmations and mindfulness practices.

Hopelessness and passive resignation an individual learns when unstable to avoid repeated aversive events
ex) elderly homes- no choices for them anymore.... :(

A type of physical disability that restricts a person's mobility and independence.

An innate personality trait that some individuals are born with, leading to a lack of motivation.

17. What are the Big 5?

1. The BIG 5: A. B. C. D. E. -Assertiveness- Boldness- Creativity- Discipline- Empathy.

The BIG 5: N. E. O. A. C. -NEUROTICISM- emotional stability- EXTRAVERSION- expressive- - OPENESS to EXPERIENCE- willingness to explore- AGREEABLNESS - caringness- CONSCIENTIOUSNESS- goodness

3. The BIG 5: L. O. V. E. H. -Leadership- Optimism- Versatility- Egalitarianism- Honesty.

2. The BIG 5: S. I. N. P. T. -Sociability- Independence- Nurturance- Perfectionism- Thriftiness.

The correct answer refers to the Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality traits: Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. Each trait represents a broad domain of human personality that encompasses a range of related characteristics.

Explanation

The correct answer refers to the Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality traits: Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. Each trait represents a broad domain of human personality that encompasses a range of related characteristics.