Psychoanalysis Practice Problems Quiz: Challenge Your Understanding

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  • 1/60 Questions

    The majority view among psychologists today is that most aspects of personality are derived from _________ basic traits.

    • 5
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    • Approximately 50
    • Over 4500
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About This Quiz

Dive into the depths of Freud's groundbreaking theories with our psychoanalysis practice problems quiz! This quiz explores key concepts from psychoanalytic theory, such as the id, ego, superego, and unconscious mind, offering a deeper understanding of human behavior and psychological dynamics. Test your knowledge of essential topics like repression, transference, and the Oedipus complex while preparing for exams or expanding See moreyour understanding of Freud's principles.

This quiz includes psychoanalytic theory questions and answers, covering areas such as childhood experiences, dream analysis, and defense mechanisms. If you're a psychology student seeking clarity about the intricacies of Freud's theories, this quiz provides an insightful and interactive learning experience. Uncover the secrets of the unconscious mind and strengthen your grasp of psychoanalytic theory with this engaging quiz designed for learners at all levels!

Psychoanalysis Practice Problems Quiz: Challenge Your Understanding - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality focuses on all the following except

    • Methods used to cope with sexual and aggressive urges

    • The potential for personal growth

    • The influence of childhood experiences

    • Unconscious motives and conflicts

    Correct Answer
    A. The potential for personal growth
    Explanation
    Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality focuses on several aspects, including the influence of childhood experiences, unconscious motives and conflicts, and methods used to cope with sexual and aggressive urges. However, it does not specifically address the potential for personal growth. Freud's theory primarily emphasizes the role of unconscious processes and early childhood experiences in shaping personality and behavior. While personal growth may occur as a result of resolving conflicts and gaining insight into unconscious motives, it is not a central focus of Freud's theory.

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  • 3. 

    The id can be best described as having which of the following statements as its motto?

    • Mom always liked you best

    • Do the right thing

    • We can work it out

    • If it feels good, do it.

    Correct Answer
    A. If it feels good, do it.
    Explanation
    The motto "if it feels good, do it" best describes the id. The id is a concept in psychology that represents the primitive and instinctual part of the mind, driven by pleasure-seeking and immediate gratification. This motto reflects the id's focus on seeking pleasure and avoiding pain, without considering moral or ethical considerations. It emphasizes impulsive and hedonistic behavior, prioritizing personal satisfaction above all else.

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  • 4. 

    The component of personality that operates according to the reality principle is the

    • Conscious

    • Superego

    • Ego

    • Id

    Correct Answer
    A. Ego
    Explanation
    The ego is the component of personality that operates according to the reality principle. It helps to mediate between the demands of the id and the superego, finding realistic and socially acceptable ways to satisfy the id's desires. The ego is responsible for decision-making, problem-solving, and negotiating with the external world. It balances the impulsive and irrational desires of the id with the moral and ethical standards of the superego, allowing individuals to navigate the world in a rational and socially appropriate manner.

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  • 5. 

    The superego is Freud's term for

    • The moral component of personality

    • The biological impulses that drive our behavior

    • The mediating agent between the other two components of personality

    • The unconscious aspect of personality

    Correct Answer
    A. The moral component of personality
    Explanation
    The superego is Freud's term for the moral component of personality. It represents the internalized values, morals, and ideals that individuals acquire from their parents and society. The superego acts as a moral compass, guiding individuals to behave in socially acceptable ways and suppressing any immoral or unacceptable impulses. It is responsible for feelings of guilt and shame when individuals violate their internalized moral standards.

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  • 6. 

    Hopefully, right now the words in this exam question are in your _________ awareness.

    • Conscious

    • Preconscious

    • Unconscious

    • Subconscious

    Correct Answer
    A. Conscious
    Explanation
    The question is asking about the current state of awareness of the words in the exam question. "Conscious" is the correct answer because it refers to the state of being aware of something in the present moment. The other options, preconscious, unconscious, and subconscious, refer to different levels of awareness that are not applicable in this context.

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  • 7. 

    The thoughts, memories, and desires you have that you do not realize you have are in your __________ awareness.

    • Superego

    • Preconscious

    • Unconscious

    • Conscious

    Correct Answer
    A. Unconscious
    Explanation
    The unconscious awareness refers to the thoughts, memories, and desires that exist within our mind but are not readily accessible to our conscious awareness. These unconscious elements can influence our behavior and emotions without us being aware of them. The superego, preconscious, and conscious do not specifically refer to this hidden aspect of our mind, making unconscious the correct answer.

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  • 8. 

    According to Feud, which of the following is entirely unconscious?

    • The self

    • The id

    • The superego

    • The ego

    Correct Answer
    A. The id
    Explanation
    The correct answer is the id. According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, the id is the part of the personality that operates on the pleasure principle and is entirely unconscious. It is driven by basic instincts and seeks immediate gratification without considering consequences or societal norms. The id is the primitive and instinctual part of the mind that is present from birth. It is responsible for our most basic desires and needs, such as hunger, thirst, and sexual desires.

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  • 9. 

    Freud believed that conflicts involving which two areas are especially important and often have far-reaching consequences?

    • Sexual and aggressive

    • Sexual and self-actualization

    • Aggressive and security

    • Self-actualization and security

    Correct Answer
    A. Sexual and aggressive
    Explanation
    Freud believed that conflicts involving sexual and aggressive impulses are especially important and often have far-reaching consequences. According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, these two areas of human behavior play a significant role in shaping our personality and behavior. He argued that unresolved conflicts related to sexuality and aggression can lead to psychological issues and disturbances. Freud believed that understanding and resolving these conflicts through therapy is crucial for achieving psychological well-being.

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  • 10. 

    According to Freud, unresolved unconscious conflicts often produce

    • Pleasure

    • Fixation

    • Archetypes

    • Anxiety

    Correct Answer
    A. Anxiety
    Explanation
    Freud believed that unresolved unconscious conflicts, which are conflicts that individuals are not consciously aware of, often lead to anxiety. These conflicts arise from repressed desires, fears, or traumatic experiences that the individual may not be consciously aware of. When these conflicts are not resolved, they can manifest as anxiety, which is a feeling of unease, worry, or fear. Freud believed that anxiety was a result of the ego's defense mechanisms trying to protect the individual from the unconscious conflicts.

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  • 11. 

    When people give a false, but plausible excuse to justify their unacceptable behavior, they are just using

    • Reaction formation

    • Displacement

    • Rationalization

    • Projection

    Correct Answer
    A. Rationalization
    Explanation
    When people give a false, but plausible excuse to justify their unacceptable behavior, they are engaging in rationalization. Rationalization is a defense mechanism in which individuals create logical and acceptable explanations or justifications for their actions, thoughts, or feelings that may otherwise be considered unacceptable or irrational. It allows individuals to maintain their self-esteem and protect themselves from feelings of guilt or shame by providing a seemingly reasonable explanation for their behavior, even if it is not entirely truthful.

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  • 12. 

    While cleaning up after her party last night, Angela forgot to put the leftover crab dip in the refrigerator. When she discovered the now spoiled dip in the morning, Angela said she didn't mind having to throw it out because it wasn't that good anyway. Most likely Angela is using

    • Reaction formation

    • Repression

    • Rationalization

    • Regression

    Correct Answer
    A. Rationalization
    Explanation
    Angela is most likely using rationalization to justify her actions. Rationalization is a defense mechanism where a person creates logical or plausible explanations to justify their behavior or feelings. In this case, Angela is rationalizing throwing out the spoiled crab dip by saying it wasn't good anyway, which allows her to avoid feeling guilty or responsible for wasting food.

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  • 13. 

    According to Freud, a basic defense mechanism that protects a person from anxiety by keeping distressing thoughts and feelings out of the conscious mind is

    • Repression

    • Regression

    • Displacement

    • Projection

    Correct Answer
    A. Repression
    Explanation
    Repression is a basic defense mechanism according to Freud that protects a person from anxiety by keeping distressing thoughts and feelings out of the conscious mind. This means that when faced with uncomfortable or distressing thoughts or memories, the mind pushes them down into the unconscious, preventing them from entering the conscious awareness. This mechanism helps to prevent the individual from experiencing overwhelming anxiety or emotional distress.

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  • 14. 

    By attributing our own unacceptable feelings to others and saying others have the feelings and not us, we are using

    • Repression

    • Reaction formation

    • Displacement

    • Projection

    Correct Answer
    A. Projection
    Explanation
    Projection is the defense mechanism being used when we attribute our own unacceptable feelings or thoughts to others. Instead of acknowledging these feelings within ourselves, we project them onto someone else, believing that they possess these feelings instead of us. This allows us to avoid facing our own discomfort or guilt by placing it onto others.

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  • 15. 

    Under stress, a college student cries and throws things. The behavior of the student is an example of

    • Regression

    • Reaction formation

    • Displacement

    • Immaturity

    Correct Answer
    A. Regression
    Explanation
    The behavior of the college student, crying and throwing things, is an example of regression. Regression refers to reverting to an earlier stage of development or behaving in a childlike manner when faced with stress or anxiety. In this case, the student's behavior is a regressive response to the stress they are experiencing, as they are resorting to behaviors that are more typical of a younger age.

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  • 16. 

    When people attempt to bolster their self-esteem by forming an imaginary or real alliance with some person or group, they are using

    • Regression

    • Displacement

    • Identification

    • Rationalization

    Correct Answer
    A. Identification
    Explanation
    Identification is the correct answer because it refers to the psychological process in which individuals bolster their self-esteem by forming an imaginary or real alliance with some person or group. Through identification, individuals adopt the characteristics, beliefs, or values of the person or group they identify with, which helps them boost their self-esteem and feel a sense of belonging. This process allows individuals to feel more confident and secure by associating themselves with others who possess qualities they desire or admire.

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  • 17. 

    According to Freud's theory, the developmental periods that leave their mark on adult personality are

    • Defense mechanism stages

    • Fixation stages

    • Psychological stages

    • Psychosexual stages

    Correct Answer
    A. Psychosexual stages
    Explanation
    Freud's theory suggests that the developmental periods that have a lasting impact on adult personality are the psychosexual stages. These stages, including the oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages, represent different focuses of pleasure and conflicts during different periods of childhood. Freud believed that unresolved conflicts or fixations at any of these stages could result in personality traits and behaviors in adulthood. Defense mechanisms and psychological stages are not specific to Freud's theory of personality development, making psychosexual stages the correct answer.

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  • 18. 

    According to Freud's theory, either excessive gratification or excessive frustration of needs may result in

    • Overcompensation

    • Regression

    • Fixation

    • Defense mechanisms

    Correct Answer
    A. Fixation
    Explanation
    According to Freud's theory, fixation occurs when a person becomes "stuck" at a particular stage of psychosexual development due to either excessive gratification or excessive frustration of needs. This means that the individual's personality and behavior may be heavily influenced by unresolved conflicts and unresolved desires from that particular stage. Fixation can manifest in various ways, such as being overly focused on certain behaviors or traits associated with that stage. It can also lead to difficulties in adapting to new situations and hinder personal growth and development.

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  • 19. 

    The correct order of Freud's psychosexual stages of development is

    • Anal, oral, phallic, latency, genital

    • Anal, oral, phallic, genital, latency

    • Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

    • Oral, anal, genital, latency, phallic

    Correct Answer
    A. Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
    Explanation
    Freud's psychosexual stages of development are a theory that describes the progression of a person's sexual and psychological development from infancy to adulthood. According to Freud, the correct order of these stages is oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital. In the oral stage, the focus is on the mouth and the infant's pleasure is derived from sucking and oral stimulation. The anal stage follows, where the child's pleasure is centered around bowel movements and control. The phallic stage is characterized by the child's curiosity about their own genitals and their attraction to the opposite-sex parent. The latency stage is a period of relative calm and sexual feelings are repressed. Finally, in the genital stage, sexual feelings re-emerge and mature, leading to adult sexual relationships.

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  • 20. 

    Freud believed that smoking, overeating, and habitual gum chewing could result from fixation in the _______ stage.

    • Genital

    • Oral

    • Anal

    • Phallic

    Correct Answer
    A. Oral
    Explanation
    Freud believed that smoking, overeating, and habitual gum chewing could result from fixation in the oral stage. This stage occurs during infancy, where the primary source of pleasure and satisfaction is through the mouth. Fixation in this stage may lead to an oral personality, characterized by dependency, oral aggression, and a tendency to seek oral stimulation as a way to cope with stress or anxiety. Therefore, Freud's belief is that these behaviors are a result of unresolved conflicts or fixation in the oral stage of psychosexual development.

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  • 21. 

    The crucial development task associated with the anal stage is

    • The Oedipal complex

    • Gaining superiority

    • Weaning from the breast or bottle

    • Toilet training

    Correct Answer
    A. Toilet training
    Explanation
    During the anal stage of psychosexual development, children begin to gain control over their bowel movements and become aware of their bodily functions. Toilet training is a crucial task during this stage as it involves teaching the child to use the toilet and develop proper bathroom habits. Successful completion of toilet training allows the child to gain a sense of independence and mastery over their body, which is an important milestone in their development.

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  • 22. 

    Freud believed that during the phallic stage, children develop erotically tinged desires for

    • The parent of the opposite sex

    • The parent of the same sex

    • Playmates

    • Siblings

    Correct Answer
    A. The parent of the opposite sex
    Explanation
    During the phallic stage, Freud believed that children develop erotically tinged desires for the parent of the opposite sex. This stage occurs between the ages of 3 and 6, and according to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, it is during this stage that children experience the Oedipus complex (for boys) or the Electra complex (for girls). These complexes involve a child's attraction to the parent of the opposite sex and feelings of rivalry or jealousy towards the same-sex parent. Freud believed that successfully navigating this stage was crucial for healthy psychosexual development.

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  • 23. 

    Four-year old Sam has erotically tinged desires for his mother and also feels hostility to his father. Freud would conclude that Sam is experiencing the

    • Oedipal complex

    • Phallic complex

    • Identification complex

    • Genital complex

    Correct Answer
    A. Oedipal complex
    Explanation
    Freud would conclude that Sam is experiencing the Oedipal complex. This is because the Oedipal complex refers to a psychosexual stage in which a child develops unconscious sexual desires for their opposite-sex parent and feels hostility towards their same-sex parent. In this case, Sam's erotically tinged desires for his mother and hostility towards his father align with the characteristics of the Oedipal complex.

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  • 24. 

    A child's sexuality is largely suppressed during the

    • Genital stage

    • Latency stage

    • Phallic stage

    • Anal stage

    Correct Answer
    A. Latency stage
    Explanation
    During the latency stage of psychosexual development, which typically occurs between the ages of 6 and 12, a child's sexuality is largely suppressed. This stage is characterized by a focus on developing social and cognitive skills, rather than sexual interests or desires. Freud believed that during this stage, children repress their sexual urges and channel their energy into other activities, such as schoolwork and hobbies. Therefore, it can be inferred that the correct answer is the latency stage.

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  • 25. 

    During the genital stage sexual energy is primarily

    • Suppressed

    • Exhibited through self-stimulation

    • Focused toward the parent of the opposite sex

    • Focused toward peers of the opposite sex

    Correct Answer
    A. Focused toward peers of the opposite sex
    Explanation
    During the genital stage of psychosexual development, individuals experience the development of sexual desires and interests. These desires are typically focused on peers of the opposite sex, as they begin to develop romantic and sexual attractions towards others. This stage represents the individual's ability to form healthy relationships and establish their own identity as a sexual being.

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  • 26. 

    The major theoretical disagreement Jung and Alder had with Freud concerned Freud's emphasis on

    • Childhood experiences

    • The unconscious

    • Sexuality

    • Conflict

    Correct Answer
    A. Sexuality
    Explanation
    Jung and Adler disagreed with Freud's emphasis on sexuality as the main driving force behind human behavior. They believed that there were other important factors, such as the influence of childhood experiences, the unconscious mind, and conflicts, that needed to be considered in understanding human psychology. They argued that Freud's narrow focus on sexuality limited the scope of his theories and failed to address the complexity of human nature.

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  • 27. 

    The personal unconscious and collective unconscious are associated with

    • Alder's theory

    • Maslow's theory

    • Freud's theory

    • Jung's theory

    Correct Answer
    A. Jung's theory
    Explanation
    The personal unconscious and collective unconscious are concepts associated with Jung's theory. According to Jung, the personal unconscious contains repressed or forgotten experiences, while the collective unconscious is a deeper level of the unconscious that contains archetypes and universal symbols shared by all humanity. Jung believed that these unconscious elements influence our thoughts, behaviors, and dreams, and that exploring and integrating them can lead to personal growth and individuation.

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  • 28. 

    According to Jung, the _______ is a storehouse of latent memory traces inherited from people's ancestral past.

    • Unconscious

    • Collective unconscious

    • Universal unconscious

    • Personal unconscious

    Correct Answer
    A. Collective unconscious
    Explanation
    According to Jung, the collective unconscious is a storehouse of latent memory traces inherited from people's ancestral past. This concept suggests that there are shared, universal patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are present in all individuals, regardless of culture or personal experiences. The collective unconscious is believed to contain archetypes, which are universal symbols and themes that are expressed through dreams, myths, and cultural symbols. This concept emphasizes the idea that there are deeper, inherited aspects of the human psyche that influence our thoughts and behavior.

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  • 29. 

    Jung termed emotionally charged images and thought forms that have universal meaning in a wide variety of cultures

    • Archetypes

    • Hierarchy fixtures

    • Phallic symbols

    • Subjective symbols

    Correct Answer
    A. Archetypes
    Explanation
    Jung used the term "archetypes" to refer to emotionally charged images and thought forms that have universal meaning across different cultures. These archetypes are deeply rooted in the collective unconscious and represent common human experiences and themes. They often manifest as recurring symbols, motifs, or patterns in dreams, myths, and religious beliefs. By recognizing and understanding these archetypes, Jung believed that individuals could gain insight into their own psyche and the collective human experience.

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  • 30. 

    Individuals who tend to be preoccupied with the internal world of their own thoughts, feelings and experiences are described as

    • Fixated

    • Compensators

    • Introverts

    • Extraverts

    Correct Answer
    A. Introverts
    Explanation
    Introverts are individuals who tend to be preoccupied with their internal world of thoughts, feelings, and experiences. They often prefer solitary activities and find social interactions draining. They are more introspective, reflective, and reserved compared to extraverts who are more outgoing and energized by social interactions. Fixated and compensators do not accurately describe individuals who are preoccupied with their internal world, making them incorrect options.

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  • 31. 

    Since John is very friendly and outgoing, consistent with

    • Alder's theory, John is an extravert

    • Jung's theory, John is an extravert

    • Alder's theory, John is an introvert

    • Jung's theory, John is an introvert

    Correct Answer
    A. Jung's theory, John is an extravert
    Explanation
    According to Jung's theory, individuals who are friendly and outgoing are considered to be extraverts. This aligns with the given information about John being described as very friendly and outgoing. Therefore, based on Jung's theory, John can be classified as an extravert.

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  • 32. 

    The personality theorist who believed man's primary motivation is striving for superiority was

    • Carl Jung

    • Albert Bandura

    • Abraham Maslow

    • Alfred Alder

    Correct Answer
    A. Alfred Alder
    Explanation
    Alfred Adler was a personality theorist who believed that man's primary motivation is striving for superiority. He proposed that individuals are driven by a desire to overcome feelings of inferiority and to strive for success and achievement. Adler's theory emphasized the importance of social factors and the influence of childhood experiences on personality development. He believed that individuals have a unique style of life and that their personality is shaped by their efforts to overcome challenges and achieve their goals. Adler's theory had a significant impact on the field of psychology and his ideas continue to be influential today.

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  • 33. 

    Mark has been unsuccessful in using compensation to help him master life's challenges; according to Alder's theory Mark may exhibit

    • An archetype

    • An Oedipal complex

    • A superiority complex

    • An inferiority complex

    Correct Answer
    A. An inferiority complex
    Explanation
    According to Alder's theory, individuals who have been unsuccessful in using compensation to overcome life's challenges may develop an inferiority complex. This means that Mark, who has not been able to effectively compensate for his challenges, may develop feelings of inadequacy, low self-esteem, and a constant need to prove himself. This could manifest as a belief that he is inferior to others and a constant striving for superiority to compensate for these feelings of inadequacy.

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  • 34. 

    Behavioral personality theories focus on

    • An individual's freedom and potential for growth

    • Genetic factors

    • Unconscious mental forces

    • Learning

    Correct Answer
    A. Learning
    Explanation
    Behavioral personality theories focus on learning. These theories suggest that behavior is learned through conditioning and reinforcement. They emphasize the role of the environment in shaping an individual's personality and behavior. According to behavioral theories, personality traits and behaviors are acquired through observational learning, operant conditioning, and classical conditioning. This perspective highlights the importance of experiences and interactions in shaping an individual's personality.

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  • 35. 

    Which psychologist defines personality as a collection of response tendencies that are tied to various stimulus situations?

    • B.F. Skinner

    • Alfred Alder

    • Albert Bandura

    • Walter Mischel

    Correct Answer
    A. B.F. Skinner
    Explanation
    B.F. Skinner defines personality as a collection of response tendencies that are tied to various stimulus situations. Skinner was a behaviorist psychologist who believed that behavior is shaped by the consequences it produces. He emphasized the role of external factors, such as reinforcement and punishment, in shaping personality. According to Skinner, personality is not a fixed trait but rather a set of learned behaviors that are influenced by the environment.

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  • 36. 

    Skinner would explain why one student responds positively to receiving a B on a test while another student responds negatively to a B by noting that

    • One student has a stronger superego than the other

    • One student has more self-efficacy than the other

    • The students have different personality traits

    • The students have different histories of reinforcement and punishment

    Correct Answer
    A. The students have different histories of reinforcement and punishment
    Explanation
    Skinner would explain that the students have different histories of reinforcement and punishment. According to Skinner's operant conditioning theory, behavior is influenced by the consequences that follow it. The student who responds positively to receiving a B may have been reinforced in the past for achieving good grades, while the student who responds negatively may have experienced punishment or lack of reinforcement for similar outcomes. These different histories of reinforcement and punishment shape their responses to the same grade.

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  • 37. 

    The idea that internal mental events, external environmental events, and overt behaviors all influence one another is termed

    • Archetypes

    • Self-efficacy

    • Reciprocal determinism

    • Introversion-extraversion

    Correct Answer
    A. Reciprocal determinism
    Explanation
    Reciprocal determinism refers to the concept that internal mental events, external environmental events, and overt behaviors all interact and influence each other. This means that our thoughts, the environment we are in, and our actions all have an impact on one another. It suggests that our behavior is not solely determined by either internal factors (such as personality traits) or external factors (such as the environment), but rather by the continuous interaction and mutual influence between these factors.

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  • 38. 

    Observational learning and self-efficacy are associated with

    • Roger's person-centered theory

    • Bandura's social cognitive theory

    • Jung's analytical theory

    • Mischel's person-situation approach

    Correct Answer
    A. Bandura's social cognitive theory
    Explanation
    Bandura's social cognitive theory is associated with observational learning and self-efficacy. Observational learning refers to the process of learning by observing others, while self-efficacy is the belief in one's own abilities to succeed in specific situations. Bandura's theory emphasizes the importance of social interactions and the role of cognitive processes in learning and behavior. It suggests that individuals learn not only through direct experiences but also by observing others and their outcomes, and that self-efficacy plays a crucial role in motivation and performance.

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  • 39. 

    The belief a person has about his ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes is termed

    • Self-appraisal

    • Self-esteem

    • Self-efficacy

    • Self-concept

    Correct Answer
    A. Self-efficacy
    Explanation
    Self-efficacy refers to a person's belief in their own ability to perform behaviors that will lead to desired outcomes. It is a measure of one's confidence in their own capabilities and is often considered a key factor in determining motivation and success. Self-appraisal refers to the assessment of one's own abilities, self-esteem refers to one's overall evaluation of their self-worth, and self-concept refers to the overall perception of oneself. Therefore, self-efficacy is the most appropriate term to describe the belief a person has about their ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes.

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  • 40. 

    Which of the following is a personality theorist from the behavioral perspective?

    • Hans Eysenck

    • Walter Mischel

    • Abraham Maslow

    • Alfred Alder

    Correct Answer
    A. Walter Mischel
    Explanation
    Walter Mischel is a personality theorist from the behavioral perspective because he is known for his work on the cognitive-affective personality system. He emphasized the importance of individual differences in how people perceive and interpret situations, and how these cognitive processes influence their behavior. Mischel's research focused on the concept of "person-situation interaction," which suggests that behavior is influenced by both internal factors (personality traits) and external factors (situational cues). This perspective aligns with the behavioral approach, which emphasizes the role of observable behavior and the influence of the environment on behavior.

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  • 41. 

    Mischel would explain an individual's behavior by focusing on

    • Observational learning

    • Personality traits

    • The individual's self-concept

    • Situational factors

    Correct Answer
    A. Situational factors
    Explanation
    Mischel would explain an individual's behavior by focusing on situational factors. This means that Mischel believes that a person's behavior is influenced by the specific situation they are in, rather than being solely determined by their personality traits or self-concept. Mischel's theory suggests that individuals will behave differently in different situations, and that situational factors play a significant role in shaping behavior.

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  • 42. 

    A strength of the behavioral perspectives theories of personality is that the theories

    • Generalize from animal to human behavior

    • Focus on the importance of childhood experiences

    • Are based on extensive empirical research

    • Emphasize an individual's subjective view

    Correct Answer
    A. Are based on extensive empirical research
    Explanation
    The strength of the behavioral perspectives theories of personality is that they are based on extensive empirical research. This means that these theories are supported by scientific evidence and observations, making them more reliable and credible. The use of empirical research allows for the theories to be tested and validated, increasing their validity and applicability. By being grounded in empirical evidence, these theories provide a solid foundation for understanding and explaining human behavior.

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  • 43. 

    One primary criticism of behavioral theories of personality is that the theories

    • Are unrealistically optimistic about human nature

    • Overgeneralize from animal behavior to human behavior

    • Generally lack scientific or empirical support

    • Suggest that unconscious forces influence behavior

    Correct Answer
    A. Overgeneralize from animal behavior to human behavior
    Explanation
    Behavioral theories of personality are criticized for overgeneralizing from animal behavior to human behavior. This means that these theories assume that the principles of behavior observed in animals can be applied universally to explain human behavior. Critics argue that this approach fails to consider the unique complexities and characteristics of human behavior, leading to an incomplete understanding of personality.

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  • 44. 

    Humanistic personality theories focus on

    • An individual's freedom and potential for growth

    • Genetic factors

    • Unconscious mental forces

    • Learning

    Correct Answer
    A. An individual's freedom and potential for growth
    Explanation
    Humanistic personality theories emphasize the importance of an individual's freedom and potential for growth. These theories believe that individuals have the capacity to make choices and take responsibility for their actions, and that they have the potential to develop and grow throughout their lives. Humanistic theories also emphasize the importance of self-actualization, which is the process of fulfilling one's potential and becoming the best version of oneself. These theories focus on the positive aspects of human nature and believe in the inherent goodness and potential for growth in every individual.

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  • 45. 

    The major criticism humanistic theorists have concerning both psychodynamic and behavioral theories of personality is that those theories

    • Are not supported by scientific or empirical evidence

    • Are dehumanizing and deterministic

    • Are unrealistically optimistic about human behavior

    • Focus on the unconscious

    Correct Answer
    A. Are dehumanizing and deterministic
    Explanation
    Humanistic theorists criticize psychodynamic and behavioral theories of personality because they believe that these theories dehumanize individuals by reducing them to mere products of their unconscious mind or external stimuli. They also argue that these theories are deterministic, meaning they overlook the individual's ability to make choices and determine their own actions. Humanistic theorists emphasize the importance of free will, personal growth, and the uniqueness of each individual, which they believe are neglected by psychodynamic and behavioral theories.

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  • 46. 

    The self or self-concept is the central focus of

    • Roger's person-centered theory

    • Maslow's theory of self-actualization

    • Alder's individual psychology

    • Bandura's social cognitive theory

    Correct Answer
    A. Roger's person-centered theory
    Explanation
    Roger's person-centered theory places a strong emphasis on the self or self-concept. According to this theory, individuals have an innate drive to grow and fulfill their potential, and the self-concept plays a crucial role in this process. Roger believed that individuals strive for congruence between their self-concept and their actual experiences, and that a positive self-concept is essential for psychological well-being. In person-centered therapy, the therapist creates a supportive and nonjudgmental environment to help clients explore and develop their self-concept, leading to personal growth and self-actualization.

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  • 47. 

    According to Rogers, the degree of disparity between one's self-concept and one's actual experience is termed

    • Inconsistency

    • Consistency

    • Incongruence

    • Congruence

    Correct Answer
    A. Incongruence
    Explanation
    According to Rogers, the term used to describe the degree of disparity between one's self-concept and one's actual experience is "incongruence." This means that there is a mismatch or inconsistency between how a person sees themselves and their actual lived experiences. It suggests that there is a lack of alignment between one's self-perception and the reality they encounter, which can lead to feelings of discomfort or dissatisfaction.

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  • 48. 

    According to Rogers, parents who give their children affection both when the children meet, and also when they fail to meet expectations, provides their children with

    • Conditional love or affection

    • Unconditional love or affection

    • Continual love or affection

    • Generalized love or affection

    Correct Answer
    A. Unconditional love or affection
    Explanation
    According to Rogers, parents who provide their children with affection regardless of whether they meet or fail to meet expectations are offering unconditional love or affection. This means that the parents love and accept their children unconditionally, without any conditions or expectations attached to their love. This type of love helps children develop a sense of security, self-worth, and emotional well-being, as they know they are loved and accepted for who they are, rather than for what they do or achieve.

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  • 49. 

    According to Rogers, experiences that threaten a person's self-concept often result in the person experiencing

    • A reevaluation of their self-concept

    • Self-actualization

    • Depression

    • Anxiety

    Correct Answer
    A. Anxiety
    Explanation
    When a person's self-concept is threatened, it can lead to feelings of anxiety. This is because the individual may feel uncertain or insecure about their identity and how they are perceived by others. Anxiety is a common response to situations that challenge our sense of self, as it reflects the fear and apprehension associated with potential negative outcomes or judgments. Therefore, it is likely that experiences which threaten a person's self-concept would result in feelings of anxiety.

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Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Nov 22, 2024 +

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  • Current Version
  • Nov 22, 2024
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Dec 12, 2010
    Quiz Created by
    Jp629

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