Cell Structure And Function Part 2 Quiz

1. What organelles make proteins and are found on endoplasmic reticulum & floating throughout the cell?

Golgi Apparatus

Mitochondria

Ribosomes

Vacuoles

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis and can be found either attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or freely floating in the cytoplasm. Mitochondria are responsible for energy production, Golgi Apparatus is involved in processing and packaging of proteins, and Vacuoles are responsible for storage and maintaining turgor pressure.

Explanation

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis and can be found either attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or freely floating in the cytoplasm. Mitochondria are responsible for energy production, Golgi Apparatus is involved in processing and packaging of proteins, and Vacuoles are responsible for storage and maintaining turgor pressure.

2. What is the structure that surrounds the nucleus, is made of two layers, and has openings, or nuclear pores, that allow material to enter and leave the nucleus?

Cytoplasm

Cell Membrane

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Nuclear Envelope

The nuclear envelope is a double-layered membrane that surrounds the nucleus, containing nuclear pores that regulate the movement of materials in and out of the nucleus. The cell membrane surrounds the entire cell, not just the nucleus. Cytoplasm is the gel-like substance that fills the cell and the endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle involved in protein and lipid synthesis within the cell.

Explanation

The nuclear envelope is a double-layered membrane that surrounds the nucleus, containing nuclear pores that regulate the movement of materials in and out of the nucleus. The cell membrane surrounds the entire cell, not just the nucleus. Cytoplasm is the gel-like substance that fills the cell and the endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle involved in protein and lipid synthesis within the cell.

3. Which organelle digests proteins, fats, and carbohydrates and transports undigested material to the cell membrane for removal?

Golgi Apparatus

Lysosomes

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Mitochondria

Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down macromolecules like proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. They also help transport waste materials to the cell membrane for removal. Mitochondria are responsible for energy production, the endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis and transport, and the Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins.

Explanation

Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down macromolecules like proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. They also help transport waste materials to the cell membrane for removal. Mitochondria are responsible for energy production, the endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis and transport, and the Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins.

4. Which organelle acts as the protein 'packaging plant' that moves materials within and out of the cell?

Golgi Bodies/Apparatus

Mitochondria

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

The Golgi Bodies/Apparatus are responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids into vesicles for transport within and out of the cell. Endoplasmic Reticulum is involved in protein synthesis, Mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell, and Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.

Explanation

The Golgi Bodies/Apparatus are responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids into vesicles for transport within and out of the cell. Endoplasmic Reticulum is involved in protein synthesis, Mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell, and Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.

5. What are the membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal that help plants maintain shape?

Chloroplast

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Mitochondria

Vacuole

Vacuoles are organelles found in plant cells that play a crucial role in maintaining the plant's structure and storing various substances. Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, and endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.

Explanation

Vacuoles are organelles found in plant cells that play a crucial role in maintaining the plant's structure and storing various substances. Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, and endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.

6. Which organelle is usually found in plant cells and contains green chlorophyll, where photosynthesis takes place?

Nucleus

Chloroplast

Mitochondria

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Chloroplast is the correct answer as it is the organelle specifically designed for photosynthesis in plant cells. Mitochondria is responsible for cellular respiration, while the nucleus contains genetic material and the endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis and transportation.

Explanation

Chloroplast is the correct answer as it is the organelle specifically designed for photosynthesis in plant cells. Mitochondria is responsible for cellular respiration, while the nucleus contains genetic material and the endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis and transportation.