Biochemistry

Carbohydrates are a macronutrient that provides energy for the body. They can be found in a variety of foods, including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes.

Monosaccharides are the building blocks of more complex carbohydrates and provide a quick source of energy for the body.

A disaccharide is a type of carbohydrate formed by the combination of two monosaccharides through a dehydration reaction.

Dehydration synthesis is the process of joining two molecules by removing a water molecule, while hydrolysis is the process of breaking down molecules by adding a water molecule. Condensation is a general term for any reaction in which two molecules are joined together resulting in the loss of a small molecule, often water. Denaturation is the alteration of a protein's shape due to unfavorable conditions such as extreme heat.

Hydrolysis is a chemical process that involves the breaking down of a compound through the reaction with water. It is a common process in organic chemistry and metabolism.

Triglycerides are a type of lipid (fat) found in the blood that the body uses for energy. They are important for overall health but high levels can increase the risk of heart disease.

Phospholipids are a key component of cell membranes and are characterized by their hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail structure.

Steroids are often used as anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce swelling, redness, itching, and allergic reactions in the body. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections, antihistamines are used to treat allergies, and antidepressants are used to treat depression and other mental health conditions.

Saturated fats are known to raise cholesterol levels and increase the risk of heart disease, which is why they are generally considered unhealthy when consumed in excess.

Monounsaturated fats are considered healthy fats that can actually help reduce bad cholesterol levels when consumed in moderation. They are found in foods like avocados, nuts, and olive oil.

Polyunsaturated fats are fats that have more than one unsaturated carbon bond in the molecule. This means they are liquid at room temperature and considered to be healthier fats compared to saturated or trans fats.

Proteins are composed of amino acids which are the basic building blocks of proteins. Fatty acids are components of lipids, nucleic acids are the building blocks of DNA and RNA, and carbohydrates are the primary source of energy in our diet.

A polypeptide is a polymer chain of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. It is a fundamental component of proteins in living organisms.

The Lock and Key model is a concept used in biochemistry to explain the specific interaction between enzymes and substrates. Enzymes act as keys that fit into the specific locks of substrates in order to catalyze chemical reactions.

Nucleotides are not proteins but rather the specific units that make up DNA and RNA with a distinct structure and function in genetic material.

An ionic bond is formed when one atom donates an electron to another atom, resulting in the formation of positively and negatively charged ions that are attracted to each other.

Nonpolar covalent bonds involve equal sharing of electrons between atoms, resulting in a balanced distribution of charge.

A polar covalent bond is characterized by unequal sharing of electrons, leading to partial positive and negative charges on the atoms involved.

Atherosclerosis is a specific condition related to the buildup of plaques in arteries, leading to reduced blood flow and potential cardiovascular issues.