Bio 115 Exam 1

1. What functional group is characterized by a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom and single bonded to a hydroxyl group?

Aldehyde functional group

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Amide functional group

Hydroxyl functional group

The carboxyl functional group is characterized by a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom and single bonded to a hydroxyl group, giving it the chemical structure -COOH. This functional group is commonly found in organic acids.

Explanation

The carboxyl functional group is characterized by a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom and single bonded to a hydroxyl group, giving it the chemical structure -COOH. This functional group is commonly found in organic acids.

2. What is a carbonyl functional group?

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A type of carbohydrate found in bread and pasta

A type of protein found in meat and dairy products

A type of lipid found in oils and fats

A carbonyl functional group consists of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom, which gives it specific chemical properties and reactivities.

Explanation

A carbonyl functional group consists of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom, which gives it specific chemical properties and reactivities.

3. What is the chemical structure of a hydroxyl functional group?

CHO

COOH

.

NH2

A hydroxyl functional group consists of an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom, represented by the chemical formula OH.

Explanation

A hydroxyl functional group consists of an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom, represented by the chemical formula OH.

4. What is the AMINO FUNCTIONAL GROUP?

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A functional group that contains an oxygen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and the carbon skeleton

A functional group that contains a phosphorus atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and the carbon skeleton

A functional group that contains a sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and the carbon skeleton

The amino functional group is commonly found in organic compounds such as amino acids and plays a crucial role in protein structure and function.

Explanation

The amino functional group is commonly found in organic compounds such as amino acids and plays a crucial role in protein structure and function.

5. What functional group is characteristic of a methyl group?

COOH

NH2

OH

.

The methyl functional group is represented by CH3, which consists of a single carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms. This group is often found in organic compounds and is known for its simple structure and nonpolar nature.

Explanation

The methyl functional group is represented by CH3, which consists of a single carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms. This group is often found in organic compounds and is known for its simple structure and nonpolar nature.

6. What is the function of the phosphate functional group?

To neutralize acids in the stomach.

To regulate body temperature.

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To maintain cell shape and structure.

The phosphate functional group is a key component of molecules like ATP, which stores and transfers energy within cells.

Explanation

The phosphate functional group is a key component of molecules like ATP, which stores and transfers energy within cells.

7. What is the functional group commonly referred to as a sulfhydryl group?

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Carboxyl

Amine

Alkene

A sulfhydryl group consists of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom, and is often represented in organic chemistry as -SH. The correct term for this functional group is 'thiol'.

Explanation

A sulfhydryl group consists of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom, and is often represented in organic chemistry as -SH. The correct term for this functional group is 'thiol'.