Bài 25: HỌc ThuyẾt Lamac HỌc ThuyẾt Đacuyn

The correct answer is "Vừa đào thải những biến dị bất lợi, vừa tích lũy những biến dị có lợi cho sinh vật." This is because according to the concept of natural selection, organisms with advantageous variations are more likely to survive and reproduce, while those with disadvantageous variations are less likely to survive and reproduce. Therefore, natural selection involves both eliminating unfavorable variations and accumulating beneficial variations in a population over time.

The correct answer is "Biến dị cá thể" because it refers to the process of natural selection selecting individuals with advantageous genetic variations or mutations. This process allows for the adaptation and survival of certain individuals in a changing environment, leading to the evolution of a population over time.

The statement "Ngoại cảnh thay đổi chậm chạp, sinh vật có khả năng thay đổi kịp thời" is not a belief of Darwin because it contradicts his theory of natural selection. Darwin proposed that organisms adapt to their environment through gradual changes over time, not through immediate responses to slow-changing external conditions. According to Darwin, natural selection acts on variations that already exist within a population, favoring those that are better suited to the environment and leading to the gradual evolution of new species.

The statement "Ngoại cảnh thay đổi chậm chạp, sinh vật có khả năng thích ứng kịp thời" suggests that organisms are able to adapt quickly to slow-changing environments. This contradicts the concept of gradual adaptation through natural selection, as stated in the other statements. According to the theory of evolution, organisms gradually adapt to their changing environment over time, rather than being able to adapt immediately to slow-changing conditions. Therefore, this statement is not consistent with the concept of evolution and is not a belief of Đacuyn.

The correct answer is "Biến dị cá thể." This answer is correct because it is the only option that accurately describes the concept of "mutation in an individual." The other options do not specifically refer to individual mutations, but rather general concepts related to mutation.

The biggest limitation in Darwin's theory of evolution is the lack of understanding of the causes of genetic variation and the mechanisms by which these variations are inherited. While Darwin proposed natural selection as the driving force behind evolution, he did not fully comprehend the underlying processes that generate genetic variations and how they are passed on to subsequent generations. This limitation hinders a comprehensive explanation of the origin and transmission of variations, which are crucial for understanding the adaptive characteristics of organisms.

The correct answer is "Chọn lọc nhân tạo" because it refers to artificial selection, which is the process of selecting and breeding individuals with desirable traits by humans for specific purposes. This process allows humans to influence the direction and rate of change in the characteristics of domesticated animals and cultivated plants.

The main mechanism of the evolutionary process is the accumulation of small, individual variations that eventually lead to large and widespread differences under the influence of natural selection.

The correct answer is "Các cá thể nhưng kết quả của chọn lọc tự nhiên lại tạo nên loài sinh vật có các đặc điểm thích nghi với môi trường." This statement explains that individuals that are the result of natural selection contribute to the formation of species with traits that are adapted to the environment. This means that over time, individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their genes to the next generation. As a result, the population as a whole becomes better suited to its environment.

The correct answer is that natural selection acts through the two characteristics of variation and heredity in organisms. This means that individuals within a population exhibit variations in their traits, and these traits can be passed on to future generations through inheritance. Natural selection then acts on these variations, favoring traits that provide a reproductive advantage in a given environment. Over time, this process leads to the formation of adaptive characteristics in organisms.

According to the theory of natural selection, the driving force behind artificial selection is the diverse needs and preferences of humans. Humans selectively breed plants and animals to meet their various needs and desires, such as for food, companionship, or aesthetic purposes. This process involves choosing individuals with desirable traits and breeding them to produce offspring with those traits. Therefore, the answer "Nhu cầu, thị hiếu nhiều mặt của con người" (The diverse needs and preferences of humans) aligns with the explanation of artificial selection based on the theory of natural selection.

The given answer suggests that some species have a common ancestor in nature. This implies that there are certain similarities or shared traits among different species, indicating a common origin or ancestry. This concept is supported by the theory of evolution, which states that all living organisms on Earth share a common ancestor and have evolved over time through natural selection and genetic variation.

The correct answer is "Sự tồn tại những cá thể thích nghi với hoàn cảnh sống" (The existence of individuals adapted to the living conditions). This is because natural selection favors individuals that are better adapted to their environment, allowing them to survive and reproduce more successfully. Over time, this can lead to the formation of new species as different populations become genetically distinct due to their adaptations to different environments.

The correct answer is "Biến dị và di truyền." This is because "biến dị" refers to genetic variation or mutation, which is the result of natural selection. "Di truyền" refers to the passing on of traits from one generation to the next through genes. Together, these processes of genetic variation and inheritance play a crucial role in natural and artificial selection.