U.S. History CST Quiz

The Declaration of Independence elaborates on the Enlightenment idea of natural rights. This is evident in the document's emphasis on the inalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. The Enlightenment philosophers, such as John Locke, believed that individuals possess these inherent rights that cannot be taken away by any government or authority. The Declaration of Independence reflects this belief by asserting that these natural rights are the foundation of a just government and that it is the government's duty to protect and uphold these rights.

The number of votes cast in the U.S. Presidential election rose by 8.2 million from 1916 to 1920 because the Nineteenth Amendment was passed, granting millions of women the right to vote. This expanded the pool of eligible voters and increased overall voter participation.

The railroad building boom during the nineteenth century played a crucial role in the rapid industrialization of the United States. The expansion of railroads allowed for the transportation of goods and raw materials over long distances, connecting different regions of the country and facilitating trade. This led to the growth of industries such as manufacturing, mining, and agriculture, as they could now access larger markets and transport their products more efficiently. The railroad boom also stimulated economic growth, attracted investment, and created jobs, contributing to the overall industrialization of the United States.

The First Great Awakening of the 1730s and 1740s refers to a religious revival that occurred in the American colonies. It was characterized by a renewed interest in evangelical Christianity and emphasized a personal and emotional connection with God. This movement led to the spread of evangelical religion throughout the colonies, as people became more fervent in their religious beliefs and practices. The focus was on spiritual awakening and individual salvation, rather than on increasing loyalty to the British monarchy or assimilating immigrants.

The Great Compromise is the missing plan. The New Jersey Plan and the Virginia Plan are both mentioned, and the question asks for the plan that belongs in the underlined area. The Great Compromise is the plan that ultimately resolved the conflict between the two previous plans by creating a bicameral legislature with one house based on population (House of Representatives) and one house with equal representation for all states (Senate). Therefore, the Great Compromise fits the description given in the question.

The Social Gospel movement emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, advocating for the application of Christian principles to address social issues. Its followers believed that organized religion should prioritize reconstructing American society, focusing on improving social conditions, promoting social justice, and addressing the needs of the poor and marginalized. This emphasis on social reform aimed to create a more just and equitable society, aligning with the principles of the Social Gospel movement.

The sequence of events described in the question, including the regaining of power by white government officials in the South and the implementation of discriminatory measures such as poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses, led to the disfranchisement of most African Americans in the South. These measures were specifically designed to prevent African Americans from exercising their right to vote and effectively excluded them from participating in the political process. This resulted in a significant loss of political power and representation for African Americans in the South.

The correct answer is Catholics. The increasing immigration from Latin American countries to the United States over the last fifty years has resulted in a significant increase in the number of Catholics in the country. Latin American countries have a predominantly Catholic population, and as immigrants from these countries settle in the United States, they bring their religious beliefs and practices with them, contributing to the growth of the Catholic community in the country.

The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) was formed in the 1920s to protect the individual rights of citizens from government abuse. The organization works to defend and preserve the rights and liberties guaranteed by the Constitution and Bill of Rights. It advocates for issues such as freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and equal protection under the law. The ACLU has been involved in numerous landmark cases that have shaped civil liberties in the United States.

During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the U.S. government attempted to facilitate the growth of domestic industry by placing high tariff barriers on foreign imports. This means that the government imposed high taxes on imported goods, making them more expensive for consumers and giving domestic industries a competitive advantage. By doing so, the government aimed to protect and promote domestic industries, encouraging their growth and development. This policy was implemented to stimulate economic growth and protect American businesses from foreign competition.

In the 1960 presidential election in the United States, the primary religious issue was the Catholic faith of John F. Kennedy. This was significant because Kennedy was the first Catholic to be a major party nominee for president. Many Americans were concerned about the influence of the Catholic Church on Kennedy's potential presidency and whether his religious beliefs would impact his decision-making. Kennedy had to address these concerns and assure voters that he would not let his faith interfere with his duties as president.

The Enlightenment was a period of intellectual and philosophical movement that emphasized reason, logic, and individualism. It promoted the idea that individuals had certain natural rights and that governments should protect these rights. The Enlightenment influenced political thought in the colonies by encouraging colonists to question the authority of the British monarchy. This led to a growing sense of independence and a desire for self-governance among the colonists. The questioning of authority ultimately played a significant role in the American Revolution and the establishment of the United States as an independent nation.

Upton Sinclair's novel, The Jungle, exposed the unsanitary and dangerous conditions in the meatpacking industry. The graphic descriptions of the industry's practices shocked the public and led to widespread public outrage. This public outcry eventually resulted in the passage of the Meat Inspection Act in 1906. The act aimed to regulate the meatpacking industry and ensure the safety and quality of meat products. Therefore, the publication of The Jungle had a direct influence on the passage of the Meat Inspection Act.

Under the leadership of John Marshall, the Supreme Court made key decisions that strengthened its authority to review the constitutionality of both state and federal laws. This power, known as judicial review, allows the Court to determine whether a law is in accordance with the Constitution. This was a significant development as it established the Court as the final arbiter in interpreting the Constitution and ensuring its supremacy over other branches of government. The Court's ability to review laws from both the state and federal levels further solidified its role in shaping the legal landscape of the United States.

Marcus Garvey's program in the 1920s emphasized a back-to-Africa movement. This means that Garvey promoted the idea of African Americans returning to their ancestral homeland in Africa. This movement was known as the "Black Star Line" and aimed to establish economic and political independence for African Americans. Garvey believed that by returning to Africa, African Americans could escape racial discrimination and achieve self-determination. This movement gained significant support and inspired pride and empowerment among African Americans during the Harlem Renaissance.

The Americanization movement of the early twentieth century aimed to assimilate ethnic immigrant groups into the dominant culture. This movement believed that immigrants should adopt American customs, values, and language in order to become fully integrated into American society. The goal was to create a homogeneous American culture and promote unity among diverse immigrant groups. This approach was seen as a way to promote social cohesion and national identity.

The muckraking journalists associated with the Progressive Era were known primarily for their willingness to expose the corruption of U.S. society. During this time, these journalists played a crucial role in investigative reporting, uncovering and publicizing social, political, and economic injustices. They aimed to bring about social and political reforms by shedding light on corruption, corporate greed, and other societal issues. Their work helped create public awareness and led to significant changes in areas such as labor laws, food safety regulations, and political corruption.

Lord Baltimore established the Maryland colony in response to discrimination against Roman Catholics in England. This is because Lord Baltimore, who was a Roman Catholic, sought to create a safe haven for fellow Catholics who were facing persecution and discrimination in England. He wanted to establish a colony where they could practice their religion freely and without fear of persecution. Therefore, the establishment of the Maryland colony was a direct response to the discrimination against Roman Catholics in England.

The United States supported a revolution in Panama at the turn of the 20th century in order to secure the right to build a canal through Central America. This is because the US wanted to establish a shorter trade route between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, which would greatly benefit its economy and military interests. By supporting the revolution and helping Panama gain independence from Colombia, the US was able to negotiate a treaty that granted it control over the Panama Canal Zone and the right to construct and operate the canal.

The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine stated that the United States reserved the right to intervene in the affairs of Central America and the Caribbean. This meant that the United States believed it had the authority to intervene in these regions to protect its own interests and maintain stability. This policy was implemented to counter any potential European intervention in the Americas and to assert US dominance in the region.

The correct answer is religious persecution exhibited by the Church of England. The First Amendment was a response to the religious persecution experienced by individuals in England, particularly by the Church of England. It was designed to protect religious freedom and prevent the government from establishing an official religion, as witnessed in Maryland's attempts to make Catholicism the state religion. The increasing number of Puritans and anti-religious sentiments expressed during the Great Awakening were not the primary reasons for the First Amendment.

Ford's production of Model Ts in the early 20th century demonstrated greater efficiencies in production. This is because Ford implemented the assembly line production method, which allowed for a more efficient and streamlined production process. By breaking down the production into smaller tasks and having specialized workers focus on specific tasks, Ford was able to increase productivity and reduce the time and cost required to produce each car. This resulted in greater efficiencies in production, as more cars could be produced in less time and at a lower cost.

Marcus Garvey's "Back to Africa" movement and the creation of the NAACP were both responses to the practice of racial discrimination in the United States. The "Back to Africa" movement advocated for African Americans to return to their ancestral homeland as a means of escaping racial oppression. The NAACP, on the other hand, aimed to fight against racial discrimination through legal and social means, working towards equality and justice for African Americans. Both movements were born out of the need to address and challenge the systemic racism and discrimination faced by people of color in the United States.

After President Wilson proposed the Fourteen Points, thirty-nine U.S. Senators signed a petition against joining the League of Nations. As a result, the U.S. Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles, which was the peace treaty that officially ended World War I.

The "Red Scare" in the United States immediately following World War I was a reaction to the perceived threat of a communist revolution in the United States. This was a time of heightened fear and paranoia about the spread of communism, fueled by events like the Russian Revolution and labor strikes. Many Americans believed that communists were plotting to overthrow the government and viewed anyone with leftist or radical views as a potential threat. This led to widespread suspicion, government crackdowns on suspected communists, and the violation of civil liberties in the name of national security.

The Harlem Renaissance was a cultural and intellectual movement that took place in the 1920s and 1930s in Harlem, New York. The primary objective of the writers during this period was to generate pride in African-American culture. They aimed to showcase the richness and diversity of African-American art, literature, music, and history, challenging the prevailing stereotypes and promoting a positive image of African Americans. Through their works, they sought to instill a sense of pride and self-worth among African Americans, fostering a collective identity and empowering the community.

During President Theodore Roosevelt's administration, Congress granted the Interstate Commerce Commission the authority to enforce legislation regulating railroad rates. This decision was made to address the issue of unfair practices and excessive rates by railroad companies, which were negatively impacting the economy and consumers. By giving the Interstate Commerce Commission the power to enforce regulations, the government aimed to ensure fair competition and protect the interests of both businesses and the general public. This move played a crucial role in promoting economic stability and preventing monopolistic practices in the railroad industry.

Group D (North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia) was the least industrialized group of states in the second half of the 1800s. This can be inferred from the fact that states in Group D were located in the southern region of the United States, which was primarily agrarian and relied heavily on plantation-based agriculture, such as cotton production. In contrast, states in Group A (Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts) and Group C (Illinois, Indiana, Ohio) were located in the northern region, which experienced significant industrialization during this time period. Group B (New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland) was located in the mid-Atlantic region, which also saw industrial growth.

The growth of U.S. manufacturing during the late nineteenth century created a need for new markets to sell its products. This led to support for an Open Door policy in China, which aimed to ensure equal trading opportunities for all countries in China. The United States wanted to access the Chinese market and prevent other countries from monopolizing it. This policy was seen as a way to expand U.S. trade and influence globally, rather than adopting an isolationist foreign policy or acquiring African colonies. The increasing demand for markets, therefore, contributed to the support for the Open Door policy in China.

The correct answer is "All countries should have equal trading rights in China." The Open Door Policy, declared by the United States in 1900, aimed to ensure that all countries had equal access to trade in China. This policy was a response to concerns that European powers and Japan were seeking to establish exclusive trade privileges in China, potentially cutting off access for other countries. The Open Door Policy sought to promote fair competition and prevent any one nation from dominating trade in China.

Theodore Roosevelt's "Speak softly and carry a big stick" policy emphasized the importance of diplomacy backed by military strength. By having a strong navy, the United States could project its power and protect its interests around the world. This policy aimed to deter potential adversaries and ensure that the United States could effectively negotiate and enforce its diplomatic objectives. A strong navy would also enable the United States to respond quickly and decisively to any threats or conflicts that may arise.

The acquisition of an American overseas empire during the late 1890s raised legal controversies regarding the constitutional rights of the inhabitants of the new American territories. This suggests that there were debates and disputes over whether the Constitution applied to these territories and whether their inhabitants were entitled to the same rights and protections as citizens of the United States.

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, urban immigrants generally supported local political machines that provided essential services to the immigrants. These political machines were known for their ability to provide jobs, housing, and other basic necessities to the immigrants in exchange for their political support. This support from the political machines was crucial for the survival and well-being of the immigrants in the new urban environment.

During times of war, the Espionage Act of 1918 was implemented by the Wilson Administration. This act was based on the belief that allowing dissenters to have free speech would pose a threat to the nation's war effort. The government aimed to prevent any form of dissent or criticism that could potentially undermine the war propaganda and hinder the support for the war. This act was a way to control and suppress any opposition or dissenting voices, ensuring that the public remained united and focused on the war effort.