Unit A: Continuity Of Life

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The chloroplast is the organelle responsible for capturing the energy of sunlight. It contains a pigment called chlorophyll, which absorbs sunlight and converts it into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis. This energy is then used to produce glucose, which serves as a source of energy for the cell. The other options, vacuole, cytoplasm, and mitochondria, do not play a direct role in capturing sunlight energy.

A fossil is the preserved remains or trace of an organism that lived in the distant past. Fossils are formed when an organism is buried in sediment and over time, the minerals in the sediment replace the organic material, preserving the shape and structure of the organism. Fossils provide valuable information about ancient life forms and the history of the Earth. They can help scientists understand evolutionary processes, ancient ecosystems, and the geological history of different regions.

The correct answer is Fungi because fungi are heterotrophic organisms that do not have the ability to produce their own food through photosynthesis like plants. Instead, they obtain nutrients by decomposing organic matter or by parasitizing other organisms. This multicellular organism that neither makes nor eats food aligns with the characteristics of fungi, making it the most suitable classification.

The term "extinction" refers to the complete disappearance or death of all members of a particular species. It occurs when a species fails to adapt and survive in its environment, leading to its ultimate demise. Extinction can be caused by various factors such as environmental changes, habitat loss, natural disasters, or human activities. When a species becomes extinct, it means that there are no more individuals of that species left alive, resulting in the permanent loss of that species from the Earth.

RNA is involved in the process of gene expression, where the information encoded in DNA is used to create proteins. However, RNA itself does not directly build up to form genes. Genes are segments of DNA that contain the instructions for building proteins, and RNA molecules are transcribed from DNA to carry out these instructions. Therefore, the statement "It builds up to form genes" is not true.

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Scientists use a dichotomous key to help classify organisms. A dichotomous key is a tool that consists of a series of paired statements or questions that guide the user to the correct identification of an organism. By providing a choice between two contrasting characteristics, the key allows scientists to systematically narrow down the possibilities and determine the organism's classification based on its unique characteristics. This methodical approach helps scientists in accurately identifying and classifying organisms in a systematic and organized manner.

Small structures in cells that have specific jobs are called organells. These organells perform various functions within the cell, such as energy production, protein synthesis, and waste removal. They are like specialized compartments that work together to ensure the proper functioning of the cell. Examples of organells include the mitochondria, which produce energy, the nucleus, which contains the cell's DNA, and the Golgi apparatus, which processes and packages proteins.

Ancient bacteria that live in extreme environments are classified in the Kingdom Archaebacteria. Archaebacteria, also known as Archaea, are a group of microorganisms that thrive in extreme conditions such as high temperatures, high salinity, or acidic environments. They are distinct from other bacteria and have unique characteristics that differentiate them from both bacteria and eukaryotes. Examples of extreme environments where Archaebacteria can be found include hot springs, deep-sea hydrothermal vents, and salt flats. Their ability to survive in such harsh conditions makes them important for studying the origins of life and their potential applications in biotechnology and medicine.