Unit 5 - French Revolution: Part V (Napoleonic Era)

In 1812, Napoleon's Grand Army of 600,000 soldiers entered Russia. However, due to a combination of attacks, the harsh winter, and a lack of supplies, only 40,000 soldiers were able to make it back to France.

Wellington, with the help of Marshal Butcher, emerged victorious over Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo on June 18, 1815. This defeat led to Napoleon's exile on the remote island of St. Helena in the Atlantic, where he ultimately passed away in 1821.

The continental system refers to the economic blockade imposed by Napoleon in an attempt to ban British goods from entering the European continent. However, this move ended up weakening the states that Napoleon had conquered instead of advancing French economic interests. The system was ultimately unsuccessful in achieving its intended goal and had unintended consequences for the countries under Napoleon's control.

The Napoleonic Code, also known as the Civil Code of 1804, is the correct answer. This code established the foundation for the French legal system that is still in use today. It was a significant legal reform that emphasized the principles of equality before the law and protection of property rights. The Napoleonic Code had a profound influence on legal systems around the world and is considered one of Napoleon Bonaparte's most lasting achievements.

The Treaty of Amiens in 1802 marked the end of hostilities between France and Great Britain, officially putting them at peace. However, despite the treaty, Napoleon sent troops to Haiti to provoke the British, who had colonies in the Caribbean. This action suggests that Napoleon was not fully committed to maintaining peace with Britain. The fact that most of the troops died from disease indicates that the expedition was not successful and likely contributed to Napoleon losing interest in antagonizing the British.

During his rule, Napoleon did indeed grant universal male suffrage to the French population. This meant that all adult men, regardless of their social status or wealth, had the right to vote. This was a significant change from the previous system, which only allowed a limited number of men to vote based on their property ownership. Napoleon's decision to grant universal male suffrage was seen as a progressive move towards democracy and equality in France.

During the Napoleonic Era, classical art and architecture became popular again. This is because Napoleon Bonaparte admired the art and architecture of ancient Greece and Rome, and sought to emulate their grandeur and sophistication. Classical art and architecture during this time were characterized by clean lines, symmetry, and a focus on proportion and harmony. The revival of classical styles was also a way for Napoleon to showcase his power and authority, as he saw himself as a modern-day emperor in the tradition of the ancient Roman emperors.

After the coup d'etat, three consuls were established. This suggests that there were three individuals who were appointed to govern and lead the country following the overthrow of the previous government.

The Fourth Coalition was an alliance formed against Napoleon Bonaparte's French Empire. It consisted of Austria, Prussia, Russia, and Great Britain. These countries joined forces in an attempt to counter Napoleon's expanding power and influence in Europe. Together, they aimed to restore the balance of power and protect their own national interests. This coalition ultimately led to the defeat of Napoleon in the War of the Fourth Coalition, specifically at the Battle of Leipzig in 1813.

The given answer, Egalitarianism, is the belief that all people should enjoy equal social, political, and economical rights and opportunities. This belief opposes any form of hierarchy or privilege based on birth or social status. In the context of the provided information, the creation of a new aristocracy based on service to the state rather than birth indicates a departure from the traditional system of inherited privilege. Members of this new aristocracy were not granted any special privileges before the law and were unable to pass their titles to their children, further emphasizing the principle of equality and meritocracy.

During the Revolution, women made significant progress in terms of their rights and independence. However, the code mentioned in the question reversed these advances by making women and children legally dependent on their husbands and fathers. This means that women could not make decisions regarding property without the approval of their husbands and fathers. Additionally, obtaining a divorce became more difficult for women.

Napoleon's Domestic Policy included issuing a general amnesty, establishing a secret police force, and requiring public servants to be loyal to him. Therefore, none of the options mentioned are not part of Napoleon's Domestic Policy.

During Napoleon's rule, he dissolved the Holy Roman Empire and established the Confederacy of the Rhine. This new confederacy was a loose alliance consisting of 16 German states that were under the influence of France. The Confederacy of the Rhine was created to weaken the power of Austria and Prussia, and to further extend French control over the German territories. It aimed to consolidate Napoleon's dominance in Europe and solidify his strategic position.

ALL members of the clergy were supposed to swear an oath supporting the state, though many resisted.

After Napoleon abolished the Holy Roman Empire, Prussia joined the Third Coalition. At the Battle of Jena, France defeated the Prussian army and occupied their capital city of Berlin. The Treaty of Tilsit between Prussia and Russia reduced Prussia to 1/2 its size and forced it to become an ally of France against Great Britain.