AP World History Exam Test -III

Vasco da Gama purchased profitable merchandise in India consisting of pepper and cinnamon. These spices were highly sought after in Europe during that time period. Pepper was used as a seasoning and for medicinal purposes, while cinnamon was used for its aromatic properties. The demand for these spices was high, leading to their profitability in trade.

Vasco da Gama is the correct answer because he was the Portuguese mariner who sailed to Calicut in 1498. He was commissioned by the Portuguese king to find a sea route to India and successfully reached Calicut, establishing a direct trade route between Europe and India. His voyage was significant as it opened up new opportunities for trade and exploration, and paved the way for future European colonization in Asia.

The desire to conquer China and India was not one of the main inspirations for European exploration. European exploration was primarily driven by the search for basic resources, the desire to establish new trade routes to Asian markets, the desire to spread Christianity, and the search for lands suitable for cultivation. The goal was to gain access to valuable resources, establish trade networks, spread religious influence, and find new lands for settlement and cultivation. Conquering China and India was not a primary motivation for exploration, although there were some attempts by European powers to establish colonies and control these regions.

The Portuguese viewed the Atlantic Ocean islands as the perfect location for the cultivation of sugarcane because these islands had a favorable climate and soil conditions for its growth. Sugarcane requires warm temperatures, abundant rainfall, and well-drained fertile soil, all of which were found in the Atlantic islands. Additionally, the islands provided easy access to trade routes, allowing the Portuguese to export sugarcane and benefit economically from its cultivation.

Portugal is the correct answer because it was the first European nation to dominate trade with Asia. During the Age of Exploration, Portuguese explorers like Vasco da Gama discovered a direct sea route to India, establishing trade connections and monopolizing the spice trade in the region. Portugal's dominance in Asian trade lasted for several decades before other European powers, such as Spain, England, and the Netherlands, started to challenge their control.

Under Spanish rule of the Philippines, the native population was pressured to convert to Roman Catholicism. The Spanish colonizers viewed the conversion of the indigenous people as a way to solidify their control over the region and to spread their religious beliefs. They implemented various measures such as forced baptisms, the destruction of indigenous religious practices and temples, and the establishment of Catholic missions to ensure the conversion of the native population. This pressure to convert to Roman Catholicism had a significant impact on the religious landscape of the Philippines and continues to influence the country's religious demographics today.

James Cook died during a fight in Hawaii. He was an English explorer who made several voyages to the Pacific Ocean and is known for his exploration of the Pacific islands, including Hawaii. During his third voyage, tensions escalated between his crew and the native Hawaiians, leading to a violent confrontation in which Cook was killed. His death in Hawaii marked the end of his remarkable career as an explorer.

Russian merchants and explorers began expanding into Siberia in search of furs. Furs were highly sought after in Europe during this time, and Siberia was known for its abundant supply of fur-bearing animals such as sable, fox, and beaver. The fur trade was a lucrative business for the Russians, and it played a significant role in their colonization and economic development of Siberia.

The Dutch policy in Indonesia was to control the production of spices. This can be inferred from the fact that the Dutch established a monopoly over the spice trade in the region and imposed strict control over the production and distribution of spices. They aimed to maximize their profits by controlling the supply and demand of spices in the international market. This policy allowed the Dutch to exploit the resources of Indonesia and maintain their dominance in the spice trade for several centuries.

Henry of Portugal conquered the Moroccan port of Ceuta and sponsored a series of voyages down the west African coast. This is evident from historical records which highlight Henry's role in the Age of Discovery and his efforts to explore and expand Portuguese influence in Africa.

The Columbian Exchange refers to the exchange of goods, ideas, and diseases between the Old World (Europe, Africa, and Asia) and the New World (the Americas) after Christopher Columbus's voyages in the late 15th century. One of the significant impacts of this exchange was the introduction of new food crops from the Americas to the rest of the world. Crops like potatoes, maize, and tomatoes became staple foods in various regions, leading to increased agricultural productivity and ultimately contributing to a growth in the world population.

The Mongol domination causing trade along the silk roads to stop was not a reason for European interest in finding a maritime trade route. This is because the Mongols actually facilitated trade along the silk roads by establishing a vast network of safe and efficient trade routes. The other options, such as the high prices charged by Muslim merchants, the danger posed by the bubonic plague on the silk roads, the demand for exotic goods in Europe, and the desire to spread Christianity, all played a role in driving European interest in finding alternative trade routes by sea.

Christopher Columbus's decision to sail west to reach Asia was based on his miscalculation of the distance from the Canary Islands to Japan. He believed that the Earth was smaller than it actually is and underestimated the distance he would need to travel. This led him to believe that he could reach Asia by sailing west, which ultimately led to his discovery of the Americas.

Afonso d'Alboquerque is the correct answer because he was a Portuguese nobleman and military strategist who played a significant role in the Portuguese Empire's expansion into the Indian Ocean during the early 1500s. He successfully seized Hormuz, Goa, and Melaka, establishing Portuguese control over these strategic trading posts. James Cook, Zheng He, Vasco da Gama, and Francis Drake were all notable explorers and navigators, but they did not seize these territories in the early 1500s.

The English and Dutch having much better captains was not an advantage over the Portuguese. This suggests that the Portuguese were not at a disadvantage in terms of the quality or skill of their captains compared to the English and Dutch.

Manila was the center of Spanish commercial activity in Asia because it was strategically located in the Philippines, which served as a hub for trade between Asia, Europe, and the Americas. The Spanish established a strong presence in Manila, making it a major trading port and the capital of the Spanish East Indies. The city became a center for the exchange of goods such as spices, silk, porcelain, and precious metals. The Manila galleon trade route connected Manila to Acapulco in Mexico, facilitating the exchange of goods and cultural influences between Asia and the Americas.

James Cook is the correct answer because he was an explorer who led three expeditions into the Pacific in the 18th century. Cook is known for his voyages in the Pacific Ocean, where he made significant discoveries and mapped many previously unknown areas. He explored and charted the east coast of Australia, New Zealand, and the Hawaiian Islands, among other places. Cook's expeditions greatly contributed to the understanding of the Pacific region and its geography.

Barolomeu Dias is the correct answer because he was the first European explorer to successfully sail around the Cape of Good Hope in 1488. This achievement opened up a new sea route to the Indian Ocean and established a direct trade link between Europe and Asia.

The correct answer is that the Muslim kingdom of Granada fell to Spanish Catholic forces. The reconquista refers to the centuries-long Christian campaign to retake the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim rule. Granada was the last remaining Muslim kingdom on the peninsula, and its fall marked the end of Muslim rule in Spain.

Ferdinand Magellan established a trade route between Mexico and The Philippines. This trade route was significant as it allowed for the exchange of goods and resources between these two regions. Magellan's expedition played a crucial role in connecting the East and the West, opening up new trade opportunities and establishing a lasting relationship between Mexico and The Philippines.

During the seventeenth century, the Netherlands experienced a period of economic and political success known as the Dutch Golden Age. The country's booming trade, particularly in maritime and colonial ventures, led to immense wealth and prosperity. The Netherlands became a major global power, with Amsterdam emerging as a prominent financial center. The Dutch also made significant advancements in art, science, and philosophy during this time. Therefore, the Netherlands can be considered the most prosperous country in Europe during the seventeenth century.

When Columbus reached this area, he sent delegates to seek the court of the emperor of China. The correct answer is Cuba. Columbus believed that he had reached the eastern coast of Asia and was searching for the court of the emperor of China. He sent delegates to explore the island of Cuba, hoping to establish contact with the Chinese empire. However, his belief was mistaken, as he had actually arrived in the Americas.

Ferdinand Magellan's crew completed the first circumnavigation of the world in 1522. While Ferdinand Magellan is often credited with this achievement, it is important to note that he did not actually complete the entire journey himself, as he died in the Philippines. However, his crew continued on and successfully finished the voyage, making them the first to circumnavigate the globe.

The Portuguese dominance of trade was dependent on their strategy of forcing merchant ships to call at fortified trading sites and pay duties. This allowed the Portuguese to control and regulate trade, ensuring that they received revenue from the merchants. By establishing these fortified trading sites, the Portuguese were able to exert their influence and maintain a monopoly over certain trade routes, further enhancing their dominance in the trading industry.

The correct answer is English. The English were responsible for a significant amount of exploration in the Pacific Ocean. They made several voyages to the Pacific during the 16th and 17th centuries, led by explorers such as Francis Drake, James Cook, and George Vancouver. These expeditions resulted in the discovery and mapping of many Pacific islands and the establishment of British colonies, such as Australia and New Zealand. The English also played a major role in the development of trade routes and the expansion of their empire in the region.