Evolutionary Science Quiz

2.

The three models of natural selection are:

Polar
Directional
Cohesive
Stabilizing
Disruptive

Correct Answer(s)

A. Directional
A. Stabilizing
A. Disruptive

Explanation

The three models of natural selection are directional, stabilizing, and disruptive. Directional selection occurs when individuals with extreme traits have a higher fitness and are favored by natural selection, causing the population to shift towards that extreme trait. Stabilizing selection occurs when individuals with intermediate traits have a higher fitness, leading to a reduction in the variation of the population. Disruptive selection occurs when individuals with extreme traits at both ends of the spectrum have a higher fitness, resulting in the population being divided into two distinct groups.

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3.

What model of natural selection results in dimorphism or polymorphism?

Directional Selection
Stabilizing Selection
Disruptive Selection

Correct Answer

A. Disruptive Selection

Explanation

Disruptive selection is the model of natural selection that results in dimorphism or polymorphism. In this type of selection, extreme traits are favored over intermediate traits, leading to the divergence of a population into two or more distinct phenotypes. This can result in the development of different forms or colors within a species. Individuals with extreme traits have a higher fitness and are better adapted to different environmental conditions, allowing them to survive and reproduce more successfully. Over time, this can lead to the establishment of distinct populations with different traits.

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4.

Which form often occurs due to environmental change?

Directional
Stabilizing
Disruptive

Correct Answer

A. Directional

Explanation

Directional selection occurs when there is a shift in the average phenotype of a population towards one extreme due to environmental changes. This means that individuals with traits closer to the extreme end of the spectrum are favored and have higher fitness. As a result, the frequency of these traits increases in the population over time, leading to a change in the overall phenotype. This type of selection is commonly observed in response to factors such as changes in temperature, food availability, or predation pressure.

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5.

What is a graded series of changes in some characteristics correlated with gradual change in an environmental factor over the geographic range of a species.

Clade
Cline
Clone
Clande

Correct Answer

A. Cline

Explanation

A cline is a graded series of changes in some characteristics that are correlated with a gradual change in an environmental factor over the geographic range of a species. This means that as the environmental factor changes across different regions, the characteristics of the species also gradually change. A cline can be observed in various traits such as body size, coloration, or behavior, and it represents the adaptation of a species to different environmental conditions.

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6.

Hardy-Weinberg ____ is used to predict _ changes in a population over time.

Correct Answer
equilibrium, genetic

Explanation
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is used to predict genetic changes in a population over time. This principle assumes that certain conditions are met, such as no mutation, migration, natural selection, random mating, and a large population size. In an equilibrium state, allele frequencies remain constant from generation to generation. By studying the equilibrium, scientists can make predictions about how genetic traits will be inherited and distributed within a population over time.

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7.

List the 5 agents of Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium.

8.

____ is the addition or removal of alleles from a population when an individual enters or leaves a population.

Correct Answer
Gene flow

Explanation
Gene flow refers to the movement of alleles (different forms of a gene) into or out of a population when individuals migrate or disperse. It can occur when individuals from one population migrate and join another population, bringing their alleles with them, or when individuals leave a population, taking their alleles with them. This process can introduce new genetic variation into a population or reduce existing variation, depending on the characteristics of the migrating individuals. Gene flow is an important mechanism for genetic exchange between populations and can have significant impacts on the genetic structure and diversity of populations.

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9.

During non-random mating occurs which means due to differences in appearances (like feather color) females will select the most fit mate.

Correct Answer
Sexual dimorphism

Explanation
During non-random mating, sexual dimorphism occurs which means due to differences in appearances (like feather color) females will select the most fit mate. Sexual dimorphism refers to the physical differences between males and females of the same species. In this case, females are choosing mates based on their appearance, such as feather color, which indicates their fitness. This selective process ensures that the most fit mates are chosen, leading to the continuation of desirable traits in the population.

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10.

_ is a severe form of non-random mating that typically occurs in small populations. It results in increased occurence of recessive individuals.

Correct Answer
inbreeding, homozygous

Explanation
Inbreeding is a severe form of non-random mating that typically occurs in small populations. It involves the mating of individuals who are closely related, such as siblings or cousins. This leads to an increased occurrence of homozygous recessive individuals, as the chances of inheriting two copies of the same recessive allele are higher when mating with a close relative. Homozygous recessive individuals have two copies of the same recessive allele, which can result in the expression of harmful or deleterious traits.

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11.

When genetic drift occurs:

Beneficial alleles thrive
Harmful alleles survive
Beneficial alleles may be eliminated
Beneficial alleles are stabilized.

Correct Answer

A. Beneficial alleles may be eliminated

Explanation

Genetic drift refers to the random changes in the frequency of alleles in a population over time. It is a result of chance events rather than natural selection. In small populations, genetic drift can have a significant impact and may lead to the loss of beneficial alleles. This occurs because random events, such as the death or failure to reproduce of individuals carrying these alleles, can cause their frequency to decrease. Therefore, when genetic drift occurs, beneficial alleles may be eliminated from the population.

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12.

What is it called when a small number of individuals leave a population and establish a new isolated population. Therefore, the smaller number of individuals can't contain all the genetic diversity and the population becomes much different than the parent population.

Mutation
Non-Random Mating
Sympleisomorphy
Founder Effect

Correct Answer

A. Founder Effect

Explanation

The correct answer is Founder Effect. The Founder Effect occurs when a small number of individuals leave a population and establish a new isolated population. As a result, the smaller number of individuals cannot contain all the genetic diversity present in the parent population. This leads to a loss of genetic variation and the new population becomes genetically different from the original population.

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13.

A severe and sudden reduction in population size (natural disasters, habitat loss) is called , and results in random alteration of allele frequencies.

Correct Answer
Population bottleneck

Explanation
A population bottleneck refers to a drastic and abrupt decrease in the size of a population. This can occur due to natural disasters or habitat loss, which greatly reduce the number of individuals in the population. As a result of this sudden reduction, the genetic diversity within the population is also reduced. This leads to a random alteration of allele frequencies, as certain alleles may be lost or become more prevalent in the remaining population.

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Evolutionary Science Quiz

_ __ accounts for more changes in allele frequencies than any other evolutionary process.

Quiz Preview

The three models of natural selection are:

What model of natural selection results in dimorphism or polymorphism?

Which form often occurs due to environmental change?

What is a graded series of changes in some characteristics correlated with gradual change in an environmental factor over the geographic range of a species.

Hardy-Weinberg ____ is used to predict _ changes in a population over time.

List the 5 agents of Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium.

____ is the addition or removal of alleles from a population when an individual enters or leaves a population.

During non-random mating occurs which means due to differences in appearances (like feather color) females will select the most fit mate.

_ is a severe form of non-random mating that typically occurs in small populations. It results in increased occurence of recessive individuals.

When genetic drift occurs:

What is it called when a small number of individuals leave a population and establish a new isolated population. Therefore, the smaller number of individuals can't contain all the genetic diversity and the population becomes much different than the parent population.

A severe and sudden reduction in population size (natural disasters, habitat loss) is called , and results in random alteration of allele frequencies.

Evolutionary Science Quiz

_________ __________ accounts for more changes in allele frequencies than any other evolutionary process.

Quiz Preview

The three models of natural selection are:

What model of natural selection results in dimorphism or polymorphism?

Which form often occurs due to environmental change?

What is a graded series of changes in some characteristics correlated with gradual change in an environmental factor over the geographic range of a species.

Hardy-Weinberg ____________ is used to predict _________ changes in a population over time.

List the 5 agents of Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium.

______ __________ is the addition or removal of alleles from a population when an individual enters or leaves a population.

During non-random mating __________ __________ occurs which means due to differences in appearances (like feather color) females will select the most fit mate.

_________ is a severe form of non-random mating that typically occurs in small populations. It results in increased occurence of ________ recessive individuals.

When genetic drift occurs:

What is it called when a small number of individuals leave a population and establish a new isolated population. Therefore, the smaller number of individuals can't contain all the genetic diversity and the population becomes much different than the parent population.

A severe and sudden reduction in population size (natural disasters, habitat loss) is called __________ __________, and results in random alteration of allele frequencies.

_ __ accounts for more changes in allele frequencies than any other evolutionary process.

Hardy-Weinberg ____ is used to predict _ changes in a population over time.

____ is the addition or removal of alleles from a population when an individual enters or leaves a population.

During non-random mating occurs which means due to differences in appearances (like feather color) females will select the most fit mate.

_ is a severe form of non-random mating that typically occurs in small populations. It results in increased occurence of recessive individuals.

A severe and sudden reduction in population size (natural disasters, habitat loss) is called , and results in random alteration of allele frequencies.