TOEIC Part 5 Test: Practice Grammar Skills Today

"Once" correctly introduces a time clause indicating that the training requirement will come into effect at the point when the system becomes fully operational. "During" is a preposition requiring a noun phrase, "despite" signals contrast and requires a noun phrase, and "although" introduces a concession — none of which establish the conditional timing intended here.

An adverb is needed to modify the past participle "reviewed." "Thoroughly" correctly means in a complete and careful manner, describing how the review should be conducted. "Thorough" is an adjective, and "thoroughness" is a noun — neither of which can modify a verb or past participle.

The plural noun "concerns" is correct here because the sentence refers to any issues or worries — potentially multiple — that staff might have. "Concern" as a singular noun is possible but less natural when preceded by "any" in this context, as "any concerns" is the standard professional phrasing. "Concerned" is an adjective, and "concerning" is a preposition or present participle — neither of which functions as a noun object here.

"Collaborate with" is the correct fixed collocation, meaning to work jointly with someone toward a shared goal. "Collaborate against" implies opposition, "collaborate beside" is not standard usage, and "collaborate toward" changes the meaning to indicate direction rather than partnership — none of which correctly complete this phrasal verb.

A noun is required after the preposition "with" to complete the prepositional phrase. "Resistance" correctly refers to opposition or pushback against a decision. "Resist" is a verb, "resistant" is an adjective, and "resisting" is a gerund or present participle — while "resisting" could technically follow "with," it would require a direct object and changes the meaning, making "resistance" the most precise and natural choice.

A noun is required after the adjective "routine" to complete the noun phrase. "Maintenance" correctly refers to the regular upkeep and servicing of equipment. "Maintain" is a verb, "maintained" is a past participle, and "maintaining" is a gerund or present participle — none of which can directly follow an adjective as a noun.

"Although" correctly introduces a concessive subordinate clause, acknowledging that the initial projections were too optimistic while contrasting this with the improved confidence in the revised forecast. "Despite" must be followed by a noun or gerund, "therefore" introduces a result or conclusion, and "provided that" introduces a condition — none of which signal the contrast intended here.

A possessive pronoun is needed before the noun phrase "public speaking and presentation skills" to indicate ownership. "Their" correctly attributes the skills to the professionals. "They" is a subject pronoun, "them" is an object pronoun, and "theirs" is a standalone possessive that cannot precede a noun.

An adverb is needed to modify the passive verb "were informed." "Promptly" correctly means without delay, indicating that shareholders received the information quickly. "Prompt" is an adjective or verb, "prompting" is a present participle, and "promptness" is a noun — none of which can modify a verb.

An adjective is needed to modify the noun "feedback." "Overwhelming" correctly means very large in amount or intensity. "Overwhelm" is a verb, "overwhelmingly" is an adverb that cannot directly modify a noun, and "overwhelmed" describes a person or thing that has been overcome — which does not describe feedback.

"Ahead of" is the correct phrase because it means before a specific point in time — in this case, the client's deadline. "Beyond" implies exceeding a limit, "during" indicates something happening within a time period, and "alongside" means beside or in parallel — none of which convey submitting something before a deadline.

An adverb is needed to modify the passive verb "be reviewed." "Carefully" correctly describes the manner in which the review should be conducted. "Care" is a noun or verb, "careful" is an adjective, and "carefulness" is a noun — none of which can modify a verb.

"By far" is the correct phrase because it is used to emphasize the degree of a superlative — in this case, how much more qualified Mr. Tanaka was compared to other applicants. "So far" refers to up to a point in time, "as far" is used in comparisons of distance or extent, and none of the alternatives serve as superlative intensifiers in this context.

An adverb is needed to modify the adjective "higher." "Noticeably" correctly means in a way that is clearly apparent or significant. "Noticeable" is an adjective, "notice" is a noun or verb, and "notices" is a verb form — none of which can modify a comparative adjective.

After the preposition "for," a gerund is required. "Ensuring" correctly follows this grammatical rule, functioning as the object of the preposition. "Ensure" is the base form, "ensured" is past tense, and "ensures" is third-person singular present — none of which can follow a preposition.

"Either" sets up the paired conjunction "either...or," presenting two possible delivery days. "Both" pairs with "and" to include two things simultaneously, "neither" pairs with "nor" to exclude both options, and "whether" introduces an indirect question — none of which correctly introduce an either/or alternative.

A noun is required after the indefinite article "a." "Conclusion" correctly refers to a final decision or judgment reached after deliberation. "Conclude" is a verb, "conclusive" is an adjective, and "conclusively" is an adverb — none of which can follow an article as a noun.

"Directly" is the correct adverb here because it means without intermediary — submitting expenses straight to the finance department. "Lately" refers to recently, "already" refers to something done before a certain point, and "nearly" means almost — none of which describe the manner of submission in this context.

"Despite" is the correct preposition because it is followed by a noun phrase — "the budget constraints" — to introduce a contrast. "Although" and "even though" must be followed by a full clause with a subject and verb, and "however" is a conjunctive adverb that connects two independent clauses — none of which can directly precede a noun phrase to signal contrast.

An adverb is needed to modify the past participle "equipped." "Fully" correctly means completely or entirely. "Full" is an adjective, "fulfill" is a verb, and "fullness" is a noun — none of which can modify a past participle in this position.