Theory Of Early Urbanization Quiz
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Religious Model under Theory of Early Urbanization by Paul Wheatley
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Religion was a major factor behind urbanization. Cities were religious ceremonial centers (temples and ziggurats) and were seen as defenses against supernatural forces
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Priestly class exercised political and social control; political leader had to claim to be a “high priest” with special and unique knowledge
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Shift from elder-based kinship organization to complex political system
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All of the choices
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Development of writing enabled “god-kings” to codify laws
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By definition, urbanization is the emergence and growth of towns and major cities. Have you ever thought how does an urban area comes to be? This quiz on theory of early urbanization focuses on this very question in details. All the best.
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- 2.
Hydraulic Civilization under Theory of Early Urbanization by Karl Wittfogel, except one
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Large-scale irrigation systems was prime mover behind urbanization
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Labor specialization developed; a class of non-farming workers - -bureaucrats /administrators, High Priests, Shamans (healers), Craftsmen, Traders
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Strong, centralized government emerged, backed by an urbanbased military
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Farmers who resisted king’s authority were denied water
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Model was applicable to Mesopotamia, India, Pakistan, and China but not to all “urban hearths” in Antiquity because urban civilization blossomed even without irrigation in Meso-america
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Analysis of Oriental despotism which emphasized the role of irrigation works
Correct Answer
A. Analysis of Oriental despotism which emphasized the role of irrigation worksExplanation
The correct answer is the analysis of Oriental despotism which emphasized the role of irrigation works. This explanation suggests that the theory of early urbanization by Karl Wittfogel focused on the concept of Oriental despotism and how it was connected to the development of large-scale irrigation systems. This analysis highlighted the importance of irrigation works in the formation of strong, centralized governments and the emergence of urban civilizations. However, it is stated that this theory does not apply to all "urban hearths" in Antiquity, as urbanization occurred in Mesoamerica without the reliance on irrigation.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Lawyer-architect (c. 407 BC) is known as the“Father of Town Planning” in Europe.
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Hippodamus of Miletus
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Leone Battista Alberti
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William Penn
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Thomas Holme
Correct Answer
A. Hippodamus of MiletusExplanation
Hippodamus of Miletus is known as the "Father of Town Planning" in Europe. He was a lawyer-architect who lived around 407 BC. He is credited with developing the grid plan for cities, which became the foundation for urban planning in Europe. His ideas were influential in shaping the layout and organization of cities, with a focus on functionality and efficiency. His work laid the groundwork for future urban planning principles and his ideas continue to be studied and implemented in modern city planning.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Priestly class exercised political and social control; politicalleader had to claim to be a “high priest” with special andunique knowledge. (Religious Model under Theory of Early Urbanization)
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Paul Wheatley
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Karl Wittfogel
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John Dewey
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Charles Lindbloom
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None of the Choices
Correct Answer
A. Paul WheatleyExplanation
Paul Charles Wheatley (born 27 May 1938) is an Anglican priest who was the Archdeacon of Sherborne and Rector of West Stafford in Dorset from 1991 to 2003.[1]
Wheatley was educated at Durham University and ordained deacon in 1964[2] and priest in 1985. Following a curacy in Bishopston he was youth chaplain in the Diocese of Bristol from 1963 to 1968. He held incumbencies in Dorcan and Ross on Wye[3] before his archdeacon’s appointment.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Large-scale irrigation systems was prime mover behindurbanization. (Hydraulic Civilization under Theory of Early Urbanization)
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Karl Wittfogel
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Paul Wheatley
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Norbert Wiener
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Robert Dahl
Correct Answer
A. Karl WittfogelExplanation
Karl Wittfogel is the correct answer because he is known for his theory of hydraulic civilization, which states that large-scale irrigation systems played a crucial role in the development of early urbanization. According to Wittfogel, the control and management of water resources allowed for the establishment of centralized political systems and the growth of cities. His theory suggests that the need for water management and agricultural productivity led to the formation of complex societies and urban centers.Rate this question:
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- 6.
It is the Worship of the totalitarian ‘god-kings’ and Totalitarian ‘god-kings’ sought to live forever through huge monuments and burial complexes. Also known as Cities of the Dead
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Necropolis
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Agropolis
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Megalopolis
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Metropolis
Correct Answer
A. NecropolisExplanation
A necropolis is a large ancient cemetery with elaborate tomb monuments.he word is derived from the Ancient Greek νεκρόπολις nekropolis, literally meaning "city of the dead".Rate this question:
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- 7.
French Architect-theorist, Prefect of Seine,commissioned by Emperor Napoleon III toredesign Paris, the first architect to significantlychange a city
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Baron Georges Eugene Haussmann
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Pierre Charles L’Enfant
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William Penn
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Thomas Holme
Correct Answer
A. Baron Georges Eugene HaussmannExplanation
Baron Georges Eugene Haussmann is the correct answer because he was a French architect-theorist who was appointed by Emperor Napoleon III to redesign Paris. He is known for his extensive renovation of the city, which involved the creation of wide boulevards, parks, and public spaces. Haussmann's redesign of Paris had a significant impact on the city's urban planning and architecture, making him the first architect to significantly change a city on such a large scale.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Four Basic Parts of Composite HumanSettlements, except one.
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Homogeneous Parts
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Central Parts
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Circulatory Parts
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Special parts
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Spare Parts
Correct Answer
A. Spare PartsExplanation
Homogeneous Parts – the fields
• Central Parts – built-up village
• Circulatory Parts – roads and paths within the fields
• Special parts – i.e. monastery contained within the
homogenous partRate this question:
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- 9.
Used in geography and regional science, Consists of 15 Ekistic units ranging from Man to Ecumenopolis and these units turn into 4 basic groups. It is the Basis for measuring and classifying many dimensions in human settlements
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Ekistic Logarithmic Scale (ELS)
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Ekistic Elements
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Evolutionary Phases
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Ekistic measurement scale
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Geographic Information System
Correct Answer
A. Ekistic Logarithmic Scale (ELS)Explanation
The correct answer is Ekistic Logarithmic Scale (ELS). The Ekistic Logarithmic Scale is used in geography and regional science to measure and classify various dimensions in human settlements. It consists of 15 Ekistic units, ranging from Man to Ecumenopolis, which are then grouped into four basic groups. This scale provides a basis for understanding and analyzing the development and evolution of human settlements.Rate this question:
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- 10.
One of the Classifications of Human Settlements by Ekistic units whose largest possible expression is the Ecumenopolis
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Macro-settlements
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Meso-settlements
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Micro-settlements
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Minor Shells
Correct Answer
A. Macro-settlementsExplanation
Macro-settlements are one of the classifications of human settlements based on Ekistic units. These settlements are characterized by their large size and population. The largest possible expression of a macro-settlement is the Ecumenopolis, which refers to a hypothetical city that encompasses the entire planet. This classification highlights the scale and magnitude of these settlements, indicating their importance and impact on a global level.Rate this question:
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- 11.
One of the Classifications of Human Settlements by Ekistic units, The units smaller than, or as small as, the traditional town where people used to do and still do achieve interconnection by walking. for Ex. Housegroup (Hamlet), Small Neighbourhood, Neighbourhood.
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Micro-settlements
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Macro-settlements
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Meso-settlements
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Minor Shells
Correct Answer
A. Micro-settlementsExplanation
Micro-settlements are the correct answer because they refer to small units of human settlements that are smaller than traditional towns. These settlements are characterized by interconnections achieved through walking, such as house groups, small neighborhoods, and neighborhoods. The term "micro" signifies the small size of these settlements and their close-knit nature, where people can easily walk between different parts of the settlement.Rate this question:
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- 12.
A region comprising a number of cities, large towns, andother urban areas that, through population growth and physicalexpansion, have merged to form one continuous urban and industriallydeveloped area.
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Conurbation
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Anthropos
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Eperopolis
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Ecumenopolis
Correct Answer
A. ConurbationExplanation
Meso-settlements – between traditional town and the
conurbation within which one can commute dailyRate this question:
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- 13.
Under Classification of Human Settlements By Ekistic Elements, ____ is a geologic and topographic resources, soil and water resources, plant and animal life, climate
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Nature
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Man
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Society
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Shells
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Networks
Correct Answer
A. NatureExplanation
Under the classification of human settlements by Ekistic Elements, "Nature" refers to the geologic and topographic resources, soil and water resources, plant and animal life, and climate. This category encompasses the natural environment and its various components that play a crucial role in shaping and sustaining human settlements. It includes elements such as landforms, natural resources, biodiversity, and climatic conditions, which influence the location, development, and characteristics of human settlements.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Under Classification of Human Settlements By Ekistic Elements,____ is a population composition and density, social stratification, cultural patters, economic development, education, health and welfare, law and administration.
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Society
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Shells
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Networks
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Man
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Nature
Correct Answer
A. SocietyExplanation
Under the classification of human settlements by Ekistic elements, society refers to the population composition and density, social stratification, cultural patterns, economic development, education, health and welfare, law and administration. This means that when analyzing human settlements, the focus is on the social aspects of the community, including its population, social structure, cultural practices, economic status, education, healthcare, and governance.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Under Classification of Human Settlements By Ekistic Elements,____is a biological needs; sensation and perceptions; emotional needs; moral values
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Man
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People
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Society
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Nature
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Shells
Correct Answer
A. ManExplanation
Under the classification of human settlements by Ekistic Elements, "Man" refers to the inhabitants of the settlement. This includes all individuals who live in the settlement and contribute to its functioning and development. The biological needs, sensations and perceptions, emotional needs, and moral values of the inhabitants are essential elements in understanding and categorizing human settlements. Therefore, "Man" is the correct answer as it encompasses the human population and their various characteristics and needs within a settlement.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Athens and Acropolis has a two (2) distinctive functional zones which were physically separated. Which one has a sacred sites and religious temples; built to harmonize with natural landscape?
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Acropolis
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Agora
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Megapolis
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Eperopolis
Correct Answer
A. AcropolisExplanation
Acropolis is the correct answer because it is the area in Athens that contains sacred sites and religious temples. These structures were specifically built to blend in with the natural landscape of the Acropolis, creating a harmonious and sacred atmosphere. The Agora, Megapolis, and Eperopolis are not associated with sacred sites and religious temples in the same way that the Acropolis is.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Athens and Acropolis has a two (2) distinctive functional zones which were physically separated. Which one has civic sphere and secular politics; “arenas” in the agora were venues for public participation in social life?
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Agora
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Acropolis
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Megapolis
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Eperopolis
Correct Answer
A. AgoraExplanation
The Agora is the correct answer because it is described as the venue for public participation in social life. It is the civic sphere where secular politics and public activities took place. The Acropolis, on the other hand, is a separate area that served as a religious and ceremonial center. The Megapolis and Eperopolis are not mentioned and do not correspond to the given description.Rate this question:
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- 18.
2 distinctive functional zones Athens and Acropolis which were physicallyseparated:
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Acropolis and Agora
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Parthenon and Pantheon
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Forum and Basilica
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Flora and Fauna
Correct Answer
A. Acropolis and AgoraExplanation
Acropolis and Agora were two distinct functional zones in Athens that were physically separated. The Acropolis was a fortified hilltop where important religious and civic buildings were located, including the famous Parthenon. It served as a symbol of power and authority. On the other hand, the Agora was a marketplace and gathering place for commercial, social, and political activities. It was a bustling center of trade, discussions, and public life. The separation of these two zones allowed for a clear distinction between religious and civic activities, reflecting the organization and structure of ancient Athenian society.Rate this question:
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- 19.
City was bisected by 2 main streets that met at the center calledthe “Forum” where temples, government buildings, theatre,arena, market, warehouses, libraries, schools, venues forcommon assembly were located. Also called "The Eternal City"
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Rome
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Athens
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Acropolis
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Cairo
Correct Answer
A. RomeExplanation
Rome is the correct answer because it fits the description given in the question. The city of Rome was bisected by two main streets that met at the center called the "Forum." The Forum was a central hub where various important buildings and venues were located, such as temples, government buildings, theaters, arenas, markets, warehouses, libraries, schools, and venues for common assembly. Rome is also commonly referred to as "The Eternal City."Rate this question:
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- 20.
Rome - The "Imperial City".Basic street pattern useful for military movement whole city was enclosed by a wall
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Grid-iron
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Concentric
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Radial - Concentric
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Radiocentric pattern
Correct Answer
A. Grid-ironExplanation
The correct answer is "Grid-iron." This is because the statement mentions that the basic street pattern in Rome was useful for military movement and the whole city was enclosed by a wall. A grid-iron street pattern, with its straight and intersecting roads, would indeed be advantageous for military movement and efficient navigation within a walled city.Rate this question:
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- 21.
4 Goals of Baron Georges Eugene Hausmann’s Plan, except one.
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Economic
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Aesthetic
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Military
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Sanitary
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Polity
Correct Answer
A. PolityExplanation
•Economic: Promote industrialization by enabling
goods and services to be transported efficiently
• Aesthetic: Impose a measure of unifying order and
opening up space to allow light to penetrate Paris
• Military: Eliminate the threats of proletariat’s rising
• Sanitary: Improve the state of healthRate this question:
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- 22.
He designed12 grand avenues radiating from the ‘Arc de Triomphe’; Wide boulevards prevented mob behavior; first plan to address traffic flow
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Baron Georges Eugene Haussmann
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Charles Dickens
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Pierre Charles L’Enfant
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Leone Battista Alberti
Correct Answer
A. Baron Georges Eugene HaussmannExplanation
Baron Georges Eugene Haussmann is the correct answer because he is known for his redesign of Paris in the 19th century. He implemented a plan that involved creating wide boulevards, including the grand avenues radiating from the Arc de Triomphe, in order to address traffic flow and prevent mob behavior. His urban planning efforts transformed Paris into the modern city it is today.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Father of American Landscape Architecture wrote comprehensive park planning book Public Parks and the Enlargement of Towns (1870). He's Famous for the design of NY Central Park
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Frederick Law Olmsted Sr.
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Sir Ebenezer Howard
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Sir Raymond Unwin
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Louis de Soissons
Correct Answer
A. Frederick Law Olmsted Sr.Explanation
Frederick Law Olmsted Sr. is known as the Father of American Landscape Architecture because of his significant contributions to the field. He wrote a comprehensive book called Public Parks and the Enlargement of Towns in 1870, which focused on park planning. He is particularly famous for his design of New York Central Park, which is considered a masterpiece of landscape architecture. Olmsted's innovative designs and approach to creating urban green spaces have had a lasting impact on the field and his work continues to be influential today.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Advanced concept of “Social City” – a polycentric settlement or cluster, surrounded by greenbelt wherein a central city of 58,000 people was to be surrounded by “garden cities” of 30,000 people, each city separated by permanent green space or farmlands. Rails and roads would link the cities with industries and nearby towns supplying freshfood
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Sir Ebenezer Howard
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Frederick Law Olmsted Sr.
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Sir Raymond Unwin
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Louis de Soissons
Correct Answer
A. Sir Ebenezer HowardExplanation
Sir Ebenezer Howard is the correct answer because he is known for developing the concept of the "garden city" and the idea of a polycentric settlement surrounded by green space. His vision included a central city surrounded by smaller "garden cities" with permanent green space or farmlands separating them. This concept aimed to create a more balanced and sustainable urban environment with easy access to fresh food and natural surroundings.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Letchworth and Welwyn Garden Cities were influential in the development of 30 "New Towns" after World War II by the British government: Stevenage, Hertfordshire and Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire.Sir Raymond Unwin - designed Letchworth garden city, 35miles (56 km) north of London from 1903 to 1920, andLouis de Soissons - designed Welwyn from 1920 to 1934
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Garden City Movement
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City Beautifull Movement
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City Functional Movement
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Contemporary City
Correct Answer
A. Garden City MovementExplanation
The correct answer is Garden City Movement. Letchworth and Welwyn Garden Cities were designed as part of the Garden City Movement, which aimed to create planned communities with a focus on green spaces, affordable housing, and a high quality of life. These cities served as a model for the development of 30 "New Towns" by the British government after World War II. Sir Raymond Unwin designed Letchworth garden city, while Louis de Soissons designed Welwyn.Rate this question:
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- 26.
French architect, engineer, city planner who prepared Plan for Washington D.C. (1791). Also a forerunner of City Beautiful Movement.
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Pierre Charles L’Enfant
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Ebenezer Howard
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Daniel H Burnham
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Frank Lloyd Wright
Correct Answer
A. Pierre Charles L’EnfantExplanation
Pierre Charles L’Enfant - Forerunner of “City Beautiful Movement” later
picked up by Ebenezer Howard (UK) and Daniel H.
Burnham (US)Rate this question:
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- 27.
The legitimate parents of modern town planning are:
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Public Health Administration,
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Sanitary Engineering,
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Public Housing,
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Baroque Urban Design
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All of the Choices except None
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None of the choices
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Social Work
Correct Answer
A. All of the Choices except NoneExplanation
The correct answer is "All of the Choices except None". This is because all of the listed options - Public Health Administration, Sanitary Engineering, Public Housing, and Baroque Urban Design - have played significant roles in the development of modern town planning. Social work, although important in various aspects of community development, is not directly related to the origins of town planning.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Major US architect involved in site planning and community planning, had 41 commissions, 532 designs, 1000+ drawings. Also designed neighborhoods and subdivisions employing the “Quadruple Block Plan” - houses are set on small square blocks of four equal sized lots surrounded on all sides by roads, set toward the center of the block so that each house maximized the yard space and included private space in the center
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Frank Lloyd Wright
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Henry Wright
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Ebenezer Howard
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Oscar Niemeyer
Correct Answer
A. Frank Lloyd WrightExplanation
Frank Lloyd Wright is the correct answer because he was a major US architect known for his involvement in site planning and community planning. He had numerous commissions, designs, and drawings, indicating his prolific career. Additionally, his use of the "Quadruple Block Plan" in designing neighborhoods and subdivisions, where houses are placed on small square blocks surrounded by roads, showcases his innovative approach to maximizing yard space and creating private spaces within the center of the block.Rate this question:
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- 29.
He Wrote the book New Towns for America (1951) which wasinputted into the US Housing Act of 1954. Also narated the 6 Principles of New Towns Movement.
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Clarence S. Stein
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Clarence Perry
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Frank Lloyd Wright
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Oscar Niemeyer
Correct Answer
A. Clarence S. SteinExplanation
6 Principles of New Towns Movement
• Plan simply, but comprehensively
• Provide ample sites in the right places for community use
• Put factories and other industrial buildings where they can be
used without wasteful transportation of people and goods
• Cars must be parked and stored (not on the streets!)
• Bring private and public land into relationship
• Arrange for the occupancy of housesRate this question:
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- 30.
Father of Regional Planning
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Sir Patrick Geddes
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Sir Leslie Patrick Abercrombie
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Lewis Mumford
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Walter Isard
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Clarence S. Stien
Correct Answer
A. Sir Patrick GeddesExplanation
Sir Leslie Patrick Abercrombie - pioneer of regional planning in UK.
Lewis Mumford - Father of Historicosociological approach to physical planning.
Walter Isard - Father of Regional Science, “Planning as Social Physics”.
Clarence S. Stein - principal advocate of New Towns movement in USA.Rate this question:
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- 31.
The movement meant to respond to every aspect of city problems.Greater concern for the functioning of cities rather than design aesthetics (function over form). Also Focused on utility infrastructure and on land use zoning rather than master planning.
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City Functional Movement
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City Beautiful Movement
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City of Evolution
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Garden City Movement
Correct Answer
A. City Functional MovementExplanation
The given correct answer is "City Functional Movement". This movement aimed to address various issues faced by cities, focusing on their functioning rather than design aesthetics. It emphasized the importance of utility infrastructure and land use zoning instead of master planning. The movement sought to find practical solutions for urban problems and improve the overall functionality of cities.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Also called conventional zoning; characterized by the segregation of land uses into specified geographic zones with provisions on limitations of activities (such as use, building height, etc.) within each type of zone.
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‘Euclidean zoning’
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Functional Zoning
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Industrial Zoning
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None of the Choices
Correct Answer
A. ‘Euclidean zoning’Explanation
Constitutionality of zoning as part of police power of the State
was upheld by US Supreme Court in 1926, as a result of Village of
Euclid v. Ambler Realty Company(1926), hence the term
‘Euclidean zoning’Rate this question:
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- 33.
Commissioner and head of the city planning commission NYC. Emerged as one of the most powerful unelected public officials in the US. He built hundreds of new city playground, and ordered the planting of 2 million trees.
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Robert Moses
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Francis Stuart Chapin Jr.
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T.J. Kent
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Albert Z. Guttenberg
Correct Answer
A. Robert MosesExplanation
Robert Moses is the correct answer because the passage states that he was the commissioner and head of the city planning commission in NYC. It also mentions that he built hundreds of new city playgrounds and ordered the planting of 2 million trees, which suggests that he had a significant impact on the city's development. Additionally, the passage highlights that he emerged as one of the most powerful unelected public officials in the US, further emphasizing his importance and influence.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Mode of urban renewal which entails up-scaling previously blighted areas to attract new business and new occupants. Initially called ‘racist’ and ‘segregationist’ and contributed to Civil Rights protest led by Dr. Martin Luther King. James Baldwin called ‘urban renewal’ as ‘Negro removal.’ Meant ‘social exclusion’- large-scale demolition of slums and black neighborhoods in the 1960s.
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Gentrification
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Demolition
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Social Exclusion
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Suburbanization
Correct Answer
A. GentrificationExplanation
Gentrification is a trend in urban neighborhoods, which results in increased property values and the displacing of lower-income families and small businesses (wikipedia)
Gentrification may be viewed as "correction" of blockbusting and urban flight as many gentrified neighborhoods of the present were once affluent neighborhoods of the past. (wikipedia)Rate this question:
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- 35.
According to Paul F. Downton: Ecology is the center of the city; Settlements become closed-loop systems maximizing the recycling of energy, materials and resources, and minimizing waste; Make cities outstanding in terms of historic character and cultural heritage
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Eco-polis
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Ecunemopolis
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Eco-Anarchism
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Eperopolis
Correct Answer
A. Eco-polisExplanation
The term "Eco-polis" aligns with the concept described by Paul F. Downton in the given statement. It refers to a city that prioritizes ecology and sustainability. In an Eco-polis, settlements are designed as closed-loop systems, aiming to maximize energy and resource recycling while minimizing waste. Additionally, Eco-polis emphasizes the preservation of historic character and cultural heritage, making cities outstanding in these aspects. Therefore, "Eco-polis" is the most suitable term that reflects the ideas presented by Paul F. Downton.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Anti-big city philosophy; return to microidentities as spatial strategy
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Eco-Anarchism
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Exurbia
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Agurbia
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Micropolis
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Agropolis
Correct Answer
A. Eco-AnarchismExplanation
Eco-Anarchism is the correct answer because it aligns with the concept of anti-big city philosophy and the return to microidentities as a spatial strategy. Eco-Anarchism promotes a decentralized and self-governing society that prioritizes ecological sustainability. It opposes the concentration of power and resources in large cities and instead advocates for smaller, self-sufficient communities. This philosophy supports the idea of micropolis, which refers to the development of small-scale, sustainable urban areas.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Return to the village as a lifestyle because the big city is tooexpensive; use of ICT to get in touch
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Exurbia
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Agurbia
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Micropolis
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Agropolis
Correct Answer
A. ExurbiaExplanation
Exurbia refers to a region or area located outside a city, often characterized by a rural or suburban lifestyle. In this context, the explanation for the correct answer suggests that people are returning to the village as a lifestyle choice because living in the big city has become too expensive. Additionally, the use of information and communication technology (ICT) allows individuals in exurbia to stay connected and in touch with others, despite living in a more rural or suburban setting.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Manageable villages which ‘feed’ on the city and havemultiple relations with it in terms of education, cooperation and workplaces, but holds its village identity and values
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Agurbia
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Exurbia
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Micropolis
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Agropolis
Correct Answer
A. AgurbiaExplanation
Agurbia is the correct answer because it refers to manageable villages that have multiple relations with the city in terms of education, cooperation, and workplaces, while still maintaining their village identity and values. This term suggests a close connection and interdependence between the village and the city, where the village "feeds" on the city for various resources and opportunities.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Refers to the unexpected large-scalemigration of rural people into urban areas even though factoriesand urban firms have yet no available employment for unskilledlabor force with low education. This can happen in big or smallcities.
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False Urbanization
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Forced or Premature Urbanization
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True Urbanization
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Urbanization
Correct Answer
A. False UrbanizationExplanation
False urbanization refers to the situation where there is a large-scale migration of rural people into urban areas, even though there are no available employment opportunities for unskilled labor with low education. This can occur in both big and small cities. In false urbanization, people move to urban areas in search of better opportunities, but end up facing unemployment or underemployment due to the lack of suitable jobs. This leads to various social and economic challenges in urban areas, such as poverty, overcrowding, and increased strain on infrastructure and services.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Occurs as the main resultof land conversion wherein rural land is prematurely developedfor urban uses (irreversible change)
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Forced or Premature Urbanization
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False Urbanization
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True Urbanization
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Urbanization
Correct Answer
A. Forced or Premature UrbanizationExplanation
Forced or Premature Urbanization occurs when rural land is converted into urban areas before it is ready or suitable for such development. This can result in irreversible changes to the land and may lead to various negative consequences, such as inadequate infrastructure, environmental degradation, and social issues. This type of urbanization is often driven by external factors, such as government policies or economic pressures, rather than being a natural and sustainable process.Rate this question:
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- 41.
According to Jean Gottman: Hyper-Urbanization or Over-urbanization means that the rate of population growth in megacities exceeds the increase in the capacities of nature (carrying capacity and caring capacity). Sprawling metropolis with more than 10 million population.
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Megapolis
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Metropolis
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Eperopolis
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Ecunemopolis
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Polis
Correct Answer
A. MegapolisExplanation
Also, MEGAPOLIS related to the phenomenon of Urban Primacy - occurs mostly
in Third World countries where a large metropolis enjoys
extraordinary share of a country’s population, resources, and
investments by reason of historical or political precedenceRate this question:
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- 42.
Ian L. McHarg (1920-2001) first modern Environmental Planner who introduced ecologicalplanning through map overlays, constraints mapping, sieve analysis, multi-disciplinary suitability analyses to identify land development constraints.In 1969 He wrote the book______that form must follow morethan just function; it must also respect the natural environmentin which it is placed”
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Design With Nature
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Design With Environment
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Forms Follows Function
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Urban Form
Correct Answer
A. Design With NatureExplanation
Also HE built the foundations for Geographic Information System (GIS)
*Manual ‘Sieve Mapping’ was popular before the full development of GIS
and GPS in 1980s at MITRate this question:
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- 43.
First modern “eco-feminist” who sparked the environmental movement in the US.One of her prinpciple was the ‘bio-magnification’ - the process by which apollutant becomes increasingly concentrated as it moves up thefood chain and builds up in the human body over an individual’slifetime. She wrote the book Silent Spring.
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Rachel Louise Carson
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Jean Gottman
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Dame Jane Morris Goodall
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Marjory Stoneman Douglas
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Jane Jacobs
Correct Answer
A. Rachel Louise CarsonExplanation
HER Advocacies led to the formation of US Environmental Protection
Agency, EIA system, Council of Environmental Quality,
Environmental Defense Fund. campaigned against pesticide DichloroDiphenylTrichloroethane
(DDT)Rate this question:
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- 44.
What is Human Settlements?
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Settlements inhabited by man
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Cluster of dwellings of any type or size where human beings live
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Created through movement of man in space and definition of boundaries of territorial interest for physical and institutional purposes
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Comprise of all settlements, from primitive to most elaborate, from old to new, from small to big, from temporary to permanent, from single to composite (C.A. Doxiadis)
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None of the Choices
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All of the choices except none
Correct Answer
A. All of the choices except noneExplanation
Human settlements refer to a cluster of dwellings where human beings live. These settlements are created through the movement of people in space and the establishment of boundaries for physical and institutional purposes. They encompass all types and sizes of settlements, ranging from primitive to elaborate, from old to new, from small to big, from temporary to permanent, and from single to composite. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the choices except none."Rate this question:
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- 45.
Accdg to Ekistic Logarithmic Scale, From which group of settlements has the Eperopolis with the population of 7.5 billions.
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Group 4 Macro Settlements
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Group 3 Meso Settlements
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Group 2 Micro Settlements
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Group 1 Minor Settlements
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Group 5 Super Macro Settlements
Correct Answer
A. Group 3 Meso SettlementsExplanation
Meso-settlements – between traditional town and the
conurbation within which one can commute dailyRate this question:
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- 46.
The ultimate aim of Sustainable development is ______. Failing this, development is bound to be `jobless' and `ruthless' (economy), `rootless' (culture), `voiceless' (polity), and `futureless' (nature) as detailed in the 1996 UNDP Human Development Report.
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Human development now and through future generations
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National Sovereignty
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Cultural, moral and spiritual sensitivity
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Primacy of developing full human potential
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All of the choices
Correct Answer
A. Human development now and through future generationsExplanation
The ultimate aim of sustainable development is human development now and through future generations. This means that development should not only focus on the present generation but also consider the needs and well-being of future generations. If this aim is not achieved, development is likely to have negative consequences such as joblessness, ruthlessness, rootlessness, voicelessness, and futurelessness. This aligns with the principles outlined in the 1996 UNDP Human Development Report, which emphasizes the importance of sustainable development for the overall well-being of society.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Early Urbanization: Religious Model by Paul Wheatly(i) Religion was major factor behind urbanization(ii) Priestly class exercised political & social control(iii) Shift from elder-based kinship organization to complex political system(iv) Development of writing enabled god-kings to codify laws
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All of the choices
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I,ii,iii
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I,ii,iv
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I,iii,iv
Correct Answer
A. All of the choicesExplanation
The correct answer is "All of the choices" because all the statements (i, ii, iii, iv) are mentioned in the given text as factors contributing to early urbanization according to Paul Wheatly's Religious Model. Religion was a major factor behind urbanization, the priestly class exercised political and social control, there was a shift from elder-based kinship organization to a complex political system, and the development of writing enabled god-kings to codify laws.Rate this question:
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- 48.
An advance concept of "Social City" is a polycentric settlement surrounded by greenbelt wherein central city of 58,000 people was to be surrounded with _______ of 30,000 people each separated by permanent green space or farmlands.
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Garden Cities
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Radiant Cities
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Contemporary Cities
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Broadacre Cities
Correct Answer
A. Garden CitiesExplanation
The concept of "Garden Cities" fits the description given in the question. Garden Cities are planned settlements that are surrounded by greenbelt areas. In this concept, a central city of 58,000 people is surrounded by smaller satellite cities of 30,000 people each, with permanent green spaces or farmlands separating them. This concept aims to create a balanced and sustainable urban environment with a focus on nature and green spaces.Rate this question:
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- 49.
Major proponent of Urban Decentralization.
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Frank Lloyd Wright
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Clarence Perry
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Le Corbusier
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Henry Wright
Correct Answer
A. Frank Lloyd WrightExplanation
FLW- Broadacre City
Le Corbusier- Radiant City & Contemporary City
Clarence Perry- Neighborhood Unit
Henry Wright- Concept of "superblock"Rate this question:
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Sep 07, 2023Quiz Edited by
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