The Cold War Ultimate Quiz: Exam!

1. What was the name given to the theory that if one south-east Asian nation fell to Communism more would follow?

The Domino Theory

The Jenga Theory

The Darts Theory

The Backgammon Theory

Mao Tse-Tung took power in China in 1949 and the country (which the USA had previously pumped $2 billion into during its Civil War) and which was regarded as the USA’s mainstay in Asia became Communist once the nationalist Chiang Kai-Shek was forced to flee to Taiwan. Truman (who is in office until 1952) was worried about countries in south-east Asia, such as Malaya (not called Malaysia yet), Thailand, Burma, the Philippines, Korea, and Indonesia turning red. The idea was that if one fell they might all fall … like dominoes. As such this became known as Truman’s domino theory.

Explanation

Mao Tse-Tung took power in China in 1949 and the country (which the USA had previously pumped $2 billion into during its Civil War) and which was regarded as the USA’s mainstay in Asia became Communist once the nationalist Chiang Kai-Shek was forced to flee to Taiwan. Truman (who is in office until 1952) was worried about countries in south-east Asia, such as Malaya (not called Malaysia yet), Thailand, Burma, the Philippines, Korea, and Indonesia turning red. The idea was that if one fell they might all fall … like dominoes. As such this became known as Truman’s domino theory.

2. Who was Robert McNamara?

JFK's Secretary of Defence

Hillary Clinton's email advisor

Donald Trump's Twitter ghost writer

Barack Obama's wardrobe consultant

McNamara remains the longest serving Secretary of Defense, having remained in office over seven years.

Explanation

McNamara remains the longest serving Secretary of Defense, having remained in office over seven years.

3. Which revolutionary (pictured) led the Cuban Revolution?

Fidel Castro

Infidel Castro

Fido Castro

Fiddle Castro

Cuba is a large island near Florida in the southern USA. It had long been an American ally and its large sugar exports (amounting to 80% of its total exports) were sold mostly to the USA. Since the Monroe Doctrine of 1823 the US had a policy known as ‘the big stick’ policy which basically gave itself the right to interfere with places on its doorstep in South and Latin America, like Cuba. Lots of Americans holidayed there and there was a huge naval base there.

Explanation

Cuba is a large island near Florida in the southern USA. It had long been an American ally and its large sugar exports (amounting to 80% of its total exports) were sold mostly to the USA. Since the Monroe Doctrine of 1823 the US had a policy known as ‘the big stick’ policy which basically gave itself the right to interfere with places on its doorstep in South and Latin America, like Cuba. Lots of Americans holidayed there and there was a huge naval base there.

4. Communism and Capitalism are both what word beginning with the letter 'I'?

Ideology is a system of ideas and ideals, especially one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.

Explanation

Ideology is a system of ideas and ideals, especially one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.

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5. Who helped Castro toppled Batista in Cuba in 1959 (pictured)?

Shane Warne

Jay Z

Shay GIven

Che Guevera

Like South Korea’s Syngmann Rhee and Vietnam's Ngo Dinh Diem the nation was ruled by an undemocratic dictator with the support of the USA. His name was Fulgencio Batista and he was toppled in Castro's revolution.

Explanation

Like South Korea’s Syngmann Rhee and Vietnam's Ngo Dinh Diem the nation was ruled by an undemocratic dictator with the support of the USA. His name was Fulgencio Batista and he was toppled in Castro's revolution.

6. Where was the US allowed to maintain a naval base near Cuba?

The Orkneys

Guantanamo Bay

The Falkland Isles

The Carolines

The US were not pleased. Castro took over US businesses in Cuba such as a large fruit company and started accepting arms from the USSR. After two years in which Cuba allowed the US to keep its naval base in January 1961 the US broke off diplomatic relations with Cuba. It had decided it was not prepared to accept a Soviet satellite state like those in Eastern Europe on its own door step or in its own sphere of influence.

Explanation

The US were not pleased. Castro took over US businesses in Cuba such as a large fruit company and started accepting arms from the USSR. After two years in which Cuba allowed the US to keep its naval base in January 1961 the US broke off diplomatic relations with Cuba. It had decided it was not prepared to accept a Soviet satellite state like those in Eastern Europe on its own door step or in its own sphere of influence.

7. What might you do with an ICBM?

Eat it

Play with it

Fire it

Discuss it

An intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) is a guided ballistic missile with a minimum range of 5,500 kilometres (3,400 miles) primarily designed for nuclear weapons delivery (delivering one or more thermonuclear warheads).

Explanation

An intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) is a guided ballistic missile with a minimum range of 5,500 kilometres (3,400 miles) primarily designed for nuclear weapons delivery (delivering one or more thermonuclear warheads).

8. What is the opposite of a Cold War?

A warm war

A tepid war

An ice war

A hot war

A war with active military hostilities. Not to be confused with a military 'crisis' in IB terms!

Explanation

A war with active military hostilities. Not to be confused with a military 'crisis' in IB terms!

9. Whose doctrine lead to the Marshall Plan?

Roosevelt

Truman

Eisenhower

Trump

With the Truman Doctrine, President Harry S. Truman established that the United States would provide political, military and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces. The Truman Doctrine effectively reoriented U.S. foreign policy, away from its usual stance of withdrawal from regional conflicts not directly involving the United States, to one of possible intervention in far away conflicts.

Explanation

With the Truman Doctrine, President Harry S. Truman established that the United States would provide political, military and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces. The Truman Doctrine effectively reoriented U.S. foreign policy, away from its usual stance of withdrawal from regional conflicts not directly involving the United States, to one of possible intervention in far away conflicts.

10. Who said 80 million Americans were within firing range of Cuban missiles?

Bubba Kennedy

Bobby Kennedy

Bobbo Kennedy

Blobby Kennedy

Cuba boasted 5000 Soviet technicians as well as missiles, patrol boats, tanks, radar vans, missile erectors, jet bombers, and jet fighters.

Explanation

Cuba boasted 5000 Soviet technicians as well as missiles, patrol boats, tanks, radar vans, missile erectors, jet bombers, and jet fighters.

11. Match up the following key characters from the Korean War.

Syngman Rhee

Harry Truman

Kim Il Sung

Douglas Macarthur

A proxy war is a phrase we use to describe a war within the Cold War where there is actual fighting but in which the two main protagonists (USA and USSR) are not actually fighting each other. The Korean War is a proxy war because although there were 30,000 US deaths they were fighting for the UNO not the USA (technically).

Explanation

A proxy war is a phrase we use to describe a war within the Cold War where there is actual fighting but in which the two main protagonists (USA and USSR) are not actually fighting each other. The Korean War is a proxy war because although there were 30,000 US deaths they were fighting for the UNO not the USA (technically).

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12. Which dictator ruled Cuba before the revolution and was propped up by the US government?

Josip Tito

Syngman Rhee

Fulgencio Batista

Quang Duc

Fulgencio Batista Zaldívar was the elected President of Cuba from 1940 to 1944, and U.S.-backed dictator from 1952 to 1959, before being overthrown during the Cuban Revolution. Fulgencio Batista initially rose to power as part of the 1933 Revolt of the Sergeants that overthrew the authoritarian rule of Gerardo Machado. He then appointed himself chief of the armed forces, with the rank of colonel, and effectively controlled the five-member Presidency. He maintained this control through a string of puppet presidents until 1940, when he was himself elected President of Cuba on a populist platform. He then instated the 1940 Constitution of Cuba, considered progressive for its time,[4] and served until 1944. After finishing his term he lived in Florida, returning to Cuba to run for president in 1952. Facing certain electoral defeat, he led a military coup that preempted the election.

Explanation

Fulgencio Batista Zaldívar was the elected President of Cuba from 1940 to 1944, and U.S.-backed dictator from 1952 to 1959, before being overthrown during the Cuban Revolution. Fulgencio Batista initially rose to power as part of the 1933 Revolt of the Sergeants that overthrew the authoritarian rule of Gerardo Machado. He then appointed himself chief of the armed forces, with the rank of colonel, and effectively controlled the five-member Presidency. He maintained this control through a string of puppet presidents until 1940, when he was himself elected President of Cuba on a populist platform. He then instated the 1940 Constitution of Cuba, considered progressive for its time,[4] and served until 1944. After finishing his term he lived in Florida, returning to Cuba to run for president in 1952. Facing certain electoral defeat, he led a military coup that preempted the election.

13. Where were the Reds metaphorically hiding during the Red Scare?

In the loft

Behind the sofa

Under the bed

On the doormat

America in this period is in the grip of anti-Communism. A US Senator called Joseph McCarthy is especially anti-Communist and launches a series of ‘witch hunts’ against ‘Communists’ in America which lead Charlie Chaplin, being expelled from the USA. One expression used to describe these ‘witch hunts’ at the time was ‘Reds under the bed’. Another was the ‘Red scare’. Many innocent people were maltreated in this episode in US history.

Explanation

America in this period is in the grip of anti-Communism. A US Senator called Joseph McCarthy is especially anti-Communist and launches a series of ‘witch hunts’ against ‘Communists’ in America which lead Charlie Chaplin, being expelled from the USA. One expression used to describe these ‘witch hunts’ at the time was ‘Reds under the bed’. Another was the ‘Red scare’. Many innocent people were maltreated in this episode in US history.

14. What was Vietnam known as previously?

Temasek

Cathay

Formosa

Indochina

Since the late Nineteenth Century Vietnam had been ruled by France and was known as Indochina.

Explanation

Since the late Nineteenth Century Vietnam had been ruled by France and was known as Indochina.

15. On 14^th October 1962 what took photos of 158 Soviet missiles in Cuba?

Pink

U2

Taylor Swift

Bruno Mars

On Sunday 14th October 1962 an American U2 spy plane flew over Cuba. It took photographs of nuclear missiles. 20 Soviet ships were on their way to Cuba carrying further missiles. JFK’s brother, Robert Kennedy, stated in his book “within a few minutes of them being fired 80 million Americans would be dead”.

Explanation

On Sunday 14th October 1962 an American U2 spy plane flew over Cuba. It took photographs of nuclear missiles. 20 Soviet ships were on their way to Cuba carrying further missiles. JFK’s brother, Robert Kennedy, stated in his book “within a few minutes of them being fired 80 million Americans would be dead”.

16. Which Senator led US scaremongering in the Red Scare?

Joe Mccarthy

Barack Obama

Bernie Sanders

Henry Cabot Lodge

A "Red Scare" is the promotion by a state or society of widespread fear of a potential rise of communism or radical leftism. In the United States, the First Red Scare, which occurred immediately after World War I, revolved around a perceived threat from the American labor movement, anarchist revolution and political radicalism. The Second Red Scare, which occurred immediately after World War II, was preoccupied with perceived national or foreign communists infiltrating or subverting U.S. society or the federal government.

Explanation

A "Red Scare" is the promotion by a state or society of widespread fear of a potential rise of communism or radical leftism. In the United States, the First Red Scare, which occurred immediately after World War I, revolved around a perceived threat from the American labor movement, anarchist revolution and political radicalism. The Second Red Scare, which occurred immediately after World War II, was preoccupied with perceived national or foreign communists infiltrating or subverting U.S. society or the federal government.

17. What is self-immolation?

Breathing fire

Walking on fire

Setting oneself on fire

Firing an employee

Buddhist monk Quang Duc famously set himself on fire to protest the US -backed rule of Diem.

Explanation

Buddhist monk Quang Duc famously set himself on fire to protest the US -backed rule of Diem.

18. Which country (in Eastern Europe) did the West and Russia famously disagree over at Potsdam?

The postwar Poland was a state of reduced sovereignty, strongly dependent on the Soviet Union, but the only one possible under the existing circumstances and internationally recognized. The Polish Left's cooperation with the Stalin's regime made the preservation of a Polish state within favorable borders possible. The dominant Polish Workers' Party had a strictly pro-Soviet branch, led by Bierut and a number of communist activists, and a national branch, willing to take a "Polish route to socialism", led by Gomułka.

Explanation

The postwar Poland was a state of reduced sovereignty, strongly dependent on the Soviet Union, but the only one possible under the existing circumstances and internationally recognized. The Polish Left's cooperation with the Stalin's regime made the preservation of a Polish state within favorable borders possible. The dominant Polish Workers' Party had a strictly pro-Soviet branch, led by Bierut and a number of communist activists, and a national branch, willing to take a "Polish route to socialism", led by Gomułka.

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19. At which conference in 1954 was Vietnam divided unto North and South until free elections could be held?

Geneva

Beijing

London

Singapore

At the 1954 Geneva Peace Conference the country was divided at the 17th Parallel into North and South Vietnam until elections could be held. The US refused however to allow the free elections promised in the Peace Conference to take place because they feared the Communists would win easily (it was estimated they would win 80% of the public vote).

Explanation

At the 1954 Geneva Peace Conference the country was divided at the 17th Parallel into North and South Vietnam until elections could be held. The US refused however to allow the free elections promised in the Peace Conference to take place because they feared the Communists would win easily (it was estimated they would win 80% of the public vote).

20. Marshall Aid, the Korean War, the Berlin Blockade, the Truman Doctrine, and even Vietnam were all part of which foreign policy by the US government?

Rollback

Detente

Containment

Brinkmanship

Containment is a geopolitical strategy to stop the expansion of an enemy. It is best known as the Cold War policy of the United States and its allies to prevent the spread of communism. A component of the Cold War, this policy was a response to a series of moves by the Soviet Union to increase communist influence in Eastern Europe, China, Korea, Africa, and Vietnam. Containment represented a middle-ground position between detente and rollback.

Explanation

Containment is a geopolitical strategy to stop the expansion of an enemy. It is best known as the Cold War policy of the United States and its allies to prevent the spread of communism. A component of the Cold War, this policy was a response to a series of moves by the Soviet Union to increase communist influence in Eastern Europe, China, Korea, Africa, and Vietnam. Containment represented a middle-ground position between detente and rollback.

21. Match up the nations with the parallel at which it was divided.

Korea

Vietnam

Germany was another important country divided throughout the Cold War.

Explanation

Germany was another important country divided throughout the Cold War.

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22. 40,000 Vietnamese worked to keep what vital supply line open during the Vietnam War?

The road to nowhere

The yellow brick road

The long and winding road

Ho Chi Minh Trail

VC used AK-47 assault rifles; Simonov 7.62mm self-loading rifles; RPD-7 7.62mm general purpose machine guns; RPG-7 rocket launchers; T-54/T-55 main battle tanks and PT-76 light amphibious tanks; Type 63 armoured personnel carriers; MiG-17, MiG-21 and Shenyang J-6 fighters; An-2 light transports; Mi-8 helicopters. Very reliant on Chinese and Soviet materiel.

Explanation

VC used AK-47 assault rifles; Simonov 7.62mm self-loading rifles; RPD-7 7.62mm general purpose machine guns; RPG-7 rocket launchers; T-54/T-55 main battle tanks and PT-76 light amphibious tanks; Type 63 armoured personnel carriers; MiG-17, MiG-21 and Shenyang J-6 fighters; An-2 light transports; Mi-8 helicopters. Very reliant on Chinese and Soviet materiel.

23. Which of the following was not at the Yalta Conference?

Winston Churchill

Franklin Roosevelt

Joseph Stalin

Harry Truman

The February 1945 Yalta Conference was the second wartime meeting of British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin and U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt. During the conference, the three leaders agreed to demand Germany’s unconditional surrender and began plans for a post-war world. Stalin also agreed to permit free elections in Eastern Europe and to enter the Asian war against Japan, for which he was promised the return of lands lost to Japan in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05. Although most of these agreements were initially kept secret, the revelations of the conference particulars became controversial after Soviet-American wartime cooperation degenerated into the Cold War.

Explanation

The February 1945 Yalta Conference was the second wartime meeting of British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin and U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt. During the conference, the three leaders agreed to demand Germany’s unconditional surrender and began plans for a post-war world. Stalin also agreed to permit free elections in Eastern Europe and to enter the Asian war against Japan, for which he was promised the return of lands lost to Japan in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05. Although most of these agreements were initially kept secret, the revelations of the conference particulars became controversial after Soviet-American wartime cooperation degenerated into the Cold War.

24. Where was Churchill when he made his Iron Curtain speech?

Fulton, Missouri

Birmingham, Alabama

Little Rock, Arkansas

Dayton, Ohio

In one of the most famous orations of the Cold War period, former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill condemned the Soviet Union’s policies in Europe and declared, “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent.” Churchill’s speech is considered one of the opening volleys announcing the beginning of the Cold War.

Explanation

In one of the most famous orations of the Cold War period, former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill condemned the Soviet Union’s policies in Europe and declared, “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent.” Churchill’s speech is considered one of the opening volleys announcing the beginning of the Cold War.

25. Whom was fighting whom in the Greek Civil War?

Royalists V Roundheads

Tommies V Jerries

Nationalists V Communists

Ali V Frasier

Despite setbacks suffered by government forces from 1946 to 1948, increased American aid, the failure of the DSE to attract sufficient recruits and the side-effects of the Tito–Stalin split of 1948 eventually led to victory for the government troops. The final victory of the western-allied government forces led to Greece's membership in NATO (1952) and helped to define the ideological balance of power in the Aegean Sea for the entire Cold War. The civil war also left Greece with a vehemently anti-communist security establishment, which would lead to the establishment of the Greek military junta of 1967–74 and a legacy of political polarisation that lasts until today.

Explanation

Despite setbacks suffered by government forces from 1946 to 1948, increased American aid, the failure of the DSE to attract sufficient recruits and the side-effects of the Tito–Stalin split of 1948 eventually led to victory for the government troops. The final victory of the western-allied government forces led to Greece's membership in NATO (1952) and helped to define the ideological balance of power in the Aegean Sea for the entire Cold War. The civil war also left Greece with a vehemently anti-communist security establishment, which would lead to the establishment of the Greek military junta of 1967–74 and a legacy of political polarisation that lasts until today.

26. In December 1950 the National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam was set up. What was it better known as?

Ho's Heroes

Rainbow Warriors

Freedom Fighters

Vietcong

In November 1965 in La Dreng Valley US killed 2000 VC for the loss of 300 troops. Also the VC suffered big losses in Operation Starlite in 1965. This led to a change in tactics and the adoption of guerilla warfare tactics. They did not wear uniform and wear hard for Americans to tell apart from the South Vietnamese.

Explanation

In November 1965 in La Dreng Valley US killed 2000 VC for the loss of 300 troops. Also the VC suffered big losses in Operation Starlite in 1965. This led to a change in tactics and the adoption of guerilla warfare tactics. They did not wear uniform and wear hard for Americans to tell apart from the South Vietnamese.

27. What did Moscow-based American George Kennan write which dictated Truman's foreign policy?

The Vast Document

The Sizeable Script

The Lengthy Script

The Long Telegram

George Kennan, Truman’s man in Moscow, sent a famous memo called The Long Telegram to Truman outlining the dangers of Communism (especially now that Cominform had been formed in 1947). This greatly dictated Truman’s attitude to Communism (remember he didn’t like it much from the beginning – think Potsdam in 1945, Marshall Aid in 1947, and the Berlin Blockade in 1949). So when South Korea was invaded by Communists from the North in 1950 his mind was made up to support the South ruled by Syngmann Rhee against the North ruled by Kim Il Sung.

Explanation

George Kennan, Truman’s man in Moscow, sent a famous memo called The Long Telegram to Truman outlining the dangers of Communism (especially now that Cominform had been formed in 1947). This greatly dictated Truman’s attitude to Communism (remember he didn’t like it much from the beginning – think Potsdam in 1945, Marshall Aid in 1947, and the Berlin Blockade in 1949). So when South Korea was invaded by Communists from the North in 1950 his mind was made up to support the South ruled by Syngmann Rhee against the North ruled by Kim Il Sung.

28. What bombing programme did the US launch on 7^th February 1965?

Lightning Strikes

Rolling Thunder

Hail from Hell

Operation Sleet

On 7th February 1965 the US launched Operation Rolling Thunder, extensive bombing raids in North Vietnam. This lasted until 1972. More bombs were dropped on North Vietnam than on the whole of Germany AND Japan in WWII. Approximately 6,727,084 tonnes of explosives dropped between 1965 and 1973. About 1,899,688 sorties flown. Strategic targets bombed; military installments, infrastructure and manufacturing facilities.

Explanation

On 7th February 1965 the US launched Operation Rolling Thunder, extensive bombing raids in North Vietnam. This lasted until 1972. More bombs were dropped on North Vietnam than on the whole of Germany AND Japan in WWII. Approximately 6,727,084 tonnes of explosives dropped between 1965 and 1973. About 1,899,688 sorties flown. Strategic targets bombed; military installments, infrastructure and manufacturing facilities.

29. In which country is Potsdam?

Austria

Germany

Hungary

Turkey

Held near Berlin, the Potsdam Conference (July 17-August 2, 1945) was the last of the World War II meetings held by the “Big Three” heads of state. Featuring American President Harry S. Truman, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill (and his successor, Clement Attlee) and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin, the talks established a Council of Foreign Ministers and a central Allied Control Council for administration of Germany. The leaders arrived at various agreements on the German economy, punishment for war criminals, land boundaries and reparations. Although talks primarily centered on postwar Europe, the Big Three also issued a declaration demanding “unconditional surrender” from Japan.

Explanation

Held near Berlin, the Potsdam Conference (July 17-August 2, 1945) was the last of the World War II meetings held by the “Big Three” heads of state. Featuring American President Harry S. Truman, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill (and his successor, Clement Attlee) and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin, the talks established a Council of Foreign Ministers and a central Allied Control Council for administration of Germany. The leaders arrived at various agreements on the German economy, punishment for war criminals, land boundaries and reparations. Although talks primarily centered on postwar Europe, the Big Three also issued a declaration demanding “unconditional surrender” from Japan.

30. Which divide and conquer tactics were used in Europe to promote Communist states?

Pepperoni

Salami

Beef jerky

Pastrami

Salami tactics, also known as the salami-slice strategy, is a divide and conquer process of threats and alliances used to overcome opposition. With it, an aggressor can influence and eventually dominate a landscape, typically political, piece by piece. In this fashion, the opposition is eliminated "slice by slice" until one realizes (too late) that it is gone in its entirety. In some cases it includes the creation of several factions within the opposing political party and then dismantling that party from the inside, without causing the "sliced" sides to protest. Salami tactics are most likely to succeed when the perpetrators keep their true long-term motives hidden and maintain a posture of cooperativeness and helpfulness while engaged in the intended gradual subversion.

Explanation

Salami tactics, also known as the salami-slice strategy, is a divide and conquer process of threats and alliances used to overcome opposition. With it, an aggressor can influence and eventually dominate a landscape, typically political, piece by piece. In this fashion, the opposition is eliminated "slice by slice" until one realizes (too late) that it is gone in its entirety. In some cases it includes the creation of several factions within the opposing political party and then dismantling that party from the inside, without causing the "sliced" sides to protest. Salami tactics are most likely to succeed when the perpetrators keep their true long-term motives hidden and maintain a posture of cooperativeness and helpfulness while engaged in the intended gradual subversion.

31. Which of the following had the Soviet Union NOT been spending large amounts of money in the build up to the collapse of Communism?

The space race

Nuclear weapons arsenal in response to Reagan's Star Wars programme

War in Afghanistan

Cookies

The Rambo movies portray the Taliban in a positive light and as friends of the USA - because they were fighting the Russians!

Explanation

The Rambo movies portray the Taliban in a positive light and as friends of the USA - because they were fighting the Russians!

32. Which company of soldiers did William Calley lead?

Tommy

Willy

Freddie

Charlie

The My Lai Massacre took place in March 1968. A group of US soldiers called Charlie Company started a search and destroy mission in the Quang Ngai region.

Explanation

The My Lai Massacre took place in March 1968. A group of US soldiers called Charlie Company started a search and destroy mission in the Quang Ngai region.

33. Who replaced Winston Churchill as British Prime Minister and was the UK representative in Potsdam?

Harold Wilson

Clement Attlee

Ted Heath

Margaret Thatcher

Labour's Attlee won with 59.9% of the vote. Britain wanted a peacetime leader and Churchill was viewed as a good wartime leader - there is a difference!

Explanation

Labour's Attlee won with 59.9% of the vote. Britain wanted a peacetime leader and Churchill was viewed as a good wartime leader - there is a difference!

34. Vietcong leader Ho Chi Minh was once a teacher.

True

False

In 1930 he founded the Indochinese Communist Party. Having fought off the Japanese he now turned his attention against French rule. In 1945 he entered Hanoi in the North and declared independence. At first he kept his Communism quiet and had some sympathy from the USA. In 1949 China started giving him help though and this changed US attitudes.

Explanation

In 1930 he founded the Indochinese Communist Party. Having fought off the Japanese he now turned his attention against French rule. In 1945 he entered Hanoi in the North and declared independence. At first he kept his Communism quiet and had some sympathy from the USA. In 1949 China started giving him help though and this changed US attitudes.

35. What is MAD?

Magnificent Air Drop

Massively Aggressive Diplomacy

Mutually Assured Destruction

Mostly Angry Dictators

Truman stopped short of rolling back Communism in North Korea and China (MacArthur’s wish) because of what was known appropriately as MAD (Mutually Assured Destruction).

Explanation

Truman stopped short of rolling back Communism in North Korea and China (MacArthur’s wish) because of what was known appropriately as MAD (Mutually Assured Destruction).

36. What percentage of its total exports were sugar prior to the revolution?

50

80

67

32

When Kennedy ran for president in 1960, one of his key election issues was an alleged "missile gap" with the Soviets leading. In fact, the U.S. led the Soviets by a wide margin that would only increase. In 1961, the Soviets had only four intercontinental ballistic missiles (R-7 Semyorka). By October 1962, they may have had a few dozen, with some intelligence estimates as high as 75. The U.S., on the other hand, had 170 ICBMs and was quickly building more. It also had eight George Washington– and Ethan Allen–class ballistic missile submarines with the capability to launch 16 Polaris missiles each, with a range of 1,500 nautical miles (2,800 km).

Explanation

When Kennedy ran for president in 1960, one of his key election issues was an alleged "missile gap" with the Soviets leading. In fact, the U.S. led the Soviets by a wide margin that would only increase. In 1961, the Soviets had only four intercontinental ballistic missiles (R-7 Semyorka). By October 1962, they may have had a few dozen, with some intelligence estimates as high as 75. The U.S., on the other hand, had 170 ICBMs and was quickly building more. It also had eight George Washington– and Ethan Allen–class ballistic missile submarines with the capability to launch 16 Polaris missiles each, with a range of 1,500 nautical miles (2,800 km).

37. Who took over the office of President of the United States once JFK was killed?

Dwight Eisenhower

Lyndon Baines Johnson

Richard Nixon

Gerald Ford

Lyndon Baines Johnson often referred to as LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th President of the United States from 1963 to 1969, assuming the office after serving as the 37th Vice President of the United States under President John F. Kennedy from 1961 to 1963. A Democrat from Texas.

Explanation

Lyndon Baines Johnson often referred to as LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th President of the United States from 1963 to 1969, assuming the office after serving as the 37th Vice President of the United States under President John F. Kennedy from 1961 to 1963. A Democrat from Texas.

38. Which of the following was NOT a way the CIA had tried to kill the leader of Communist Cuba?

Hiring an ex lover to shoot him in his sleep

Sending him exploding cigars

Putting poison in his scuba diving outfit

Encouraging him to take part in the annual Havana Banana Skin 10K Run

JFK said there was “no worse country in the world”. In April 1961 JFK supplied arms, equipment and transport for 1400 anti-Castro rebels. This was the famous Bay of Pigs invasion. They were met by 20,000 Castro troops armed with tanks and modern weapons and were slaughtered. JFK looked weak, unsuccessful, and had given off a big hint that he wasn’t prepared to get directly involved in Cuba.

Explanation

JFK said there was “no worse country in the world”. In April 1961 JFK supplied arms, equipment and transport for 1400 anti-Castro rebels. This was the famous Bay of Pigs invasion. They were met by 20,000 Castro troops armed with tanks and modern weapons and were slaughtered. JFK looked weak, unsuccessful, and had given off a big hint that he wasn’t prepared to get directly involved in Cuba.

39. What infamous war tactic did William Westmoreland introduce which became famous after the massacre at My Lai?

Kill, burn, loot

Search and destroy

Cold blooded murder

Trophy collecting

The estimated number of Vietnamese war dead is 1 million, far higher than the US figure. General William Westmoreland issued ‘Search and Destroy’ tactics. This meant destroying everything and everyone in a village suspected of helping VC soldiers. Many civilians were killed. For every one VC weapon found there was a body count of 6.

Explanation

The estimated number of Vietnamese war dead is 1 million, far higher than the US figure. General William Westmoreland issued ‘Search and Destroy’ tactics. This meant destroying everything and everyone in a village suspected of helping VC soldiers. Many civilians were killed. For every one VC weapon found there was a body count of 6.

40. Match up the correct parts of Churchill's Iron Curtain speech which concludes "an Iron Curtain has descended across the continent."

From Stettin in the ...

to Trieste on the ...

Churchill, who had been defeated for re-election as prime minister in 1945, was invited to Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri where he gave this speech. President Harry S. Truman joined Churchill on the platform and listened intently to his speech. Churchill began by praising the United States, which he declared stood “at the pinnacle of world power.” It soon became clear that a primary purpose of his talk was to argue for an even closer “special relationship” between the United States and Great Britain—the great powers of the “English-speaking world”—in organizing and policing the postwar world. In particular, he warned against the expansionistic policies of the Soviet Union. In addition to the “iron curtain” that had descended across Eastern Europe, Churchill spoke of “communist fifth columns” that were operating throughout western and southern Europe. Drawing parallels with the disastrous appeasement of Hitler prior to World War II, Churchill advised that in dealing with the Soviets there was “nothing which they admire so much as strength, and there is nothing for which they have less respect than for military weakness.”

Explanation

Churchill, who had been defeated for re-election as prime minister in 1945, was invited to Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri where he gave this speech. President Harry S. Truman joined Churchill on the platform and listened intently to his speech. Churchill began by praising the United States, which he declared stood “at the pinnacle of world power.” It soon became clear that a primary purpose of his talk was to argue for an even closer “special relationship” between the United States and Great Britain—the great powers of the “English-speaking world”—in organizing and policing the postwar world. In particular, he warned against the expansionistic policies of the Soviet Union. In addition to the “iron curtain” that had descended across Eastern Europe, Churchill spoke of “communist fifth columns” that were operating throughout western and southern Europe. Drawing parallels with the disastrous appeasement of Hitler prior to World War II, Churchill advised that in dealing with the Soviets there was “nothing which they admire so much as strength, and there is nothing for which they have less respect than for military weakness.”

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41. Lech Walesa had been an electrician.

True

False

Lech Wałęsa co-founded and headed Solidarity, the Soviet bloc's first independent trade union, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983, and served as President of Poland from 1990 to 1995.

Explanation

Lech Wałęsa co-founded and headed Solidarity, the Soviet bloc's first independent trade union, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983, and served as President of Poland from 1990 to 1995.

42. How far in miles is Cuba from Florida?

9

90

900

9,000

The Cuban Missile Crisis, also known as the October Crisis (Spanish: Crisis de Octubre), the Caribbean Crisis (Russian: Карибский кризис, tr. Karibskij krizis), or the Missile Scare, was a 13-day (October 16–28, 1962) confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union concerning American ballistic missile deployment in Italy and Turkey with consequent Soviet ballistic missile deployment in Cuba. The confrontation is often considered the closest the Cold War came to escalating into a full-scale nuclear war.

Explanation

The Cuban Missile Crisis, also known as the October Crisis (Spanish: Crisis de Octubre), the Caribbean Crisis (Russian: Карибский кризис, tr. Karibskij krizis), or the Missile Scare, was a 13-day (October 16–28, 1962) confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union concerning American ballistic missile deployment in Italy and Turkey with consequent Soviet ballistic missile deployment in Cuba. The confrontation is often considered the closest the Cold War came to escalating into a full-scale nuclear war.

43. In which country is Yalta?

Russia

Lithuania

Poland

Ukraine

The Yalta Conference, sometimes called the Crimea Conference and code named the Argonaut Conference, held from February 4 to 11, 1945, was the World War II meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union for the purpose of discussing Europe's postwar reorganization. The three states were represented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Premier Joseph Stalin, respectively. The conference convened in the Livadia Palace near Yalta in Crimea, Ukraine.

Explanation

The Yalta Conference, sometimes called the Crimea Conference and code named the Argonaut Conference, held from February 4 to 11, 1945, was the World War II meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union for the purpose of discussing Europe's postwar reorganization. The three states were represented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Premier Joseph Stalin, respectively. The conference convened in the Livadia Palace near Yalta in Crimea, Ukraine.

44. Where might you have witnessed tanks engaging in daily 'brinkmanship'?

Checkpoint Charlie

Checkpoint Harry

Checkpoint Bobby

Checkpoint Lindsey

Checkpoint Charlie (or "Checkpoint C") was the name given by the Western Allies to the best-known Berlin Wall crossing point between East Berlin and West Berlin during the Cold War (1947–1991). East German leader Walter Ulbricht agitated and maneuvered to get the Soviet Union's permission to construct the Berlin Wall in 1961 to stop Eastern Bloc emigration and defection westward through the Soviet border system, preventing escape across the city sector border from communist East Berlin into West Berlin. Checkpoint Charlie became a symbol of the Cold War, representing the separation of East and West. Soviet and American tanks briefly faced each other at the location during the Berlin Crisis of 1961.

Explanation

Checkpoint Charlie (or "Checkpoint C") was the name given by the Western Allies to the best-known Berlin Wall crossing point between East Berlin and West Berlin during the Cold War (1947–1991). East German leader Walter Ulbricht agitated and maneuvered to get the Soviet Union's permission to construct the Berlin Wall in 1961 to stop Eastern Bloc emigration and defection westward through the Soviet border system, preventing escape across the city sector border from communist East Berlin into West Berlin. Checkpoint Charlie became a symbol of the Cold War, representing the separation of East and West. Soviet and American tanks briefly faced each other at the location during the Berlin Crisis of 1961.

45. How many Berliners were cut off by Stalin's blockade?

500,000

1,000,000

2,000,000

4,000,000

The Berlin Blockade was an attempt in 1948 by the Soviet Union to limit the ability of France, Great Britain and the United States to travel to their sectors of Berlin, which lay within Russian-occupied East Germany. Eventually, the western powers instituted an airlift that lasted nearly a year and delivered much-needed supplies and relief to West Berlin. Coming just three years after the end of World War II, the blockade was the first major clash of the Cold War and foreshadowed future conflict over the city of Berlin.

Explanation

The Berlin Blockade was an attempt in 1948 by the Soviet Union to limit the ability of France, Great Britain and the United States to travel to their sectors of Berlin, which lay within Russian-occupied East Germany. Eventually, the western powers instituted an airlift that lasted nearly a year and delivered much-needed supplies and relief to West Berlin. Coming just three years after the end of World War II, the blockade was the first major clash of the Cold War and foreshadowed future conflict over the city of Berlin.

46. Stalin famously told a fellow Communist 'Churchill is the kind of man who would pick your pocket for a ____________'

Pound

Dollar

Kopeck

Rouble

Changes in key personnel was a key reason behind early Cold War antagonism. Churchill was voted out of office allowing him more freedom to air his anti Communist views from July 1945 onwards and FDR's death meant hardline Harry S Truman, a former haberdasher, coming to power.

Explanation

Changes in key personnel was a key reason behind early Cold War antagonism. Churchill was voted out of office allowing him more freedom to air his anti Communist views from July 1945 onwards and FDR's death meant hardline Harry S Truman, a former haberdasher, coming to power.

47. What type of trap involved soldiers being impaled on sharpened bamboo spears if they walked over one covered in debris and grass? (it was used by VC soldiers during the Vietnam War and caused horrific injury to American soldiers)

Punchy

Punji

Pungee

Puny

Speaking in 1997 Philip Caputo, a lieutenant in the US Marine Corps, said “there was this sense that we just couldn’t see what could be done to defeat these people”.

Explanation

Speaking in 1997 Philip Caputo, a lieutenant in the US Marine Corps, said “there was this sense that we just couldn’t see what could be done to defeat these people”.

48. What was toppled on 23^rd October 1956 in Budapest?

The regime

A wall

A mountain

A statue of Stalin

The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 or the Hungarian Uprising of 1956 was a nationwide revolt against the government of the Hungarian People's Republic and its Soviet-imposed policies, lasting from 23 October until 10 November 1956. Though leaderless when it first began, it was the first major threat to Soviet control since the USSR's forces drove Nazi Germany from its territory at the end of World War II.

Explanation

The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 or the Hungarian Uprising of 1956 was a nationwide revolt against the government of the Hungarian People's Republic and its Soviet-imposed policies, lasting from 23 October until 10 November 1956. Though leaderless when it first began, it was the first major threat to Soviet control since the USSR's forces drove Nazi Germany from its territory at the end of World War II.

49. 900,000 Americans were drafted to fight in Vietnam. Which one of the two celebrities below refused to fight?

Elvis Presley

Muhammed Ali

African Americans made up 16% of US draftees, but only 12% of US population.

Explanation

African Americans made up 16% of US draftees, but only 12% of US population.

50. Which of the following nations had Vietnam NOT fought in the Twentieth Century?

Japan

France

USA

Malaysia

Japan took control of Vietnam and a group of Communists under the leadership of an exceptional leader called Ho Chi Minh fought against them.

Explanation

Japan took control of Vietnam and a group of Communists under the leadership of an exceptional leader called Ho Chi Minh fought against them.

51. Match up the nation to the number of casualties they suffered in the Second World War.

Russia

Britain

USA

Germany

Over 60 million people were killed, which was about 3% of the 1940 world population (est. 2.3 billion). World War II fatality statistics vary, with estimates of total deaths ranging from 50 million to more than 80 million. One of the big rifts between the Allies throughout the war was the failure by the USA and the UK to open up a second front to relieve the fighting burden on the Soviet Union.

Explanation

Over 60 million people were killed, which was about 3% of the 1940 world population (est. 2.3 billion). World War II fatality statistics vary, with estimates of total deaths ranging from 50 million to more than 80 million. One of the big rifts between the Allies throughout the war was the failure by the USA and the UK to open up a second front to relieve the fighting burden on the Soviet Union.

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52. A hotline between the Whitehouse and the Kremlin was introduced as a result of the crisis and many see this crisis as the start of the thawing of the Cold War because both sides realised just how close to MAD they were. What is this process sometimes known as?

The Blast From the Past

The End Is Nigh

The Thaw of War

The Long Peace

This is a system that allows direct communication between the leaders of the United States and the Russian Federation. This hotline was established in 1963 and links the Pentagon with the Kremlin (historically, with Soviet Communist Party leadership across the square from the Kremlin itself). Although in popular culture known as the "red telephone", the hotline was never a telephone line, and no red phones were used. The first implementation used Teletype equipment, and shifted to fax machines in 1986. Since 2008, the Moscow–Washington hotline is a secure computer link over which messages are exchanged by email.

Explanation

This is a system that allows direct communication between the leaders of the United States and the Russian Federation. This hotline was established in 1963 and links the Pentagon with the Kremlin (historically, with Soviet Communist Party leadership across the square from the Kremlin itself). Although in popular culture known as the "red telephone", the hotline was never a telephone line, and no red phones were used. The first implementation used Teletype equipment, and shifted to fax machines in 1986. Since 2008, the Moscow–Washington hotline is a secure computer link over which messages are exchanged by email.

53. How many people died in the Korean War? (estimate)

500,000

1 million

2.5 million

5 million

The Korean War began when North Korea invaded South Korea. The United Nations, with the United States as the principal force, came to the aid of South Korea. China came to the aid of North Korea, and the Soviet Union gave some assistance.

Explanation

The Korean War began when North Korea invaded South Korea. The United Nations, with the United States as the principal force, came to the aid of South Korea. China came to the aid of North Korea, and the Soviet Union gave some assistance.

54. Which pro-American Czech minister was found dead - allegedly by "suicide" but in controversial circumstances, near his open window?

Karel Poborsky

Vaclav Havel

Jan Maseryk

Czechie Chan

Jan Garrigue Masaryk (14 September 1886 – 10 March 1948) was a Czech diplomat and politician and Foreign Minister of Czechoslovakia from 1940 to 1948. American journalist John Gunther described Masaryk as "a brave, honest, turbulent, and impulsive man"

Explanation

Jan Garrigue Masaryk (14 September 1886 – 10 March 1948) was a Czech diplomat and politician and Foreign Minister of Czechoslovakia from 1940 to 1948. American journalist John Gunther described Masaryk as "a brave, honest, turbulent, and impulsive man"

55. Who is this young girl (pictured)?

Samantha Smith

Anne Frank

Sadako Sasaki

Samantha Reed Smith (June 29, 1972 – August 25, 1985) was an American schoolgirl, peace activist and child actress from Manchester, Maine, who became famous in the Cold War era United States and Soviet Union. In 1982, Smith wrote a letter to the newly appointed CPSU General Secretary Yuri Andropov and received a personal reply with a personal invitation to visit the Soviet Union, which she accepted. Smith attracted extensive media attention in both countries as a "Goodwill Ambassador" and became known as "America's Youngest Ambassador" participating in peacemaking activities in Japan. She wrote a book about her visit to the Soviet Union and co-starred in the television series Lime Street, before her death at the age of 13 in the Bar Harbor Airlines Flight 1808 plane crash.

Explanation

Samantha Reed Smith (June 29, 1972 – August 25, 1985) was an American schoolgirl, peace activist and child actress from Manchester, Maine, who became famous in the Cold War era United States and Soviet Union. In 1982, Smith wrote a letter to the newly appointed CPSU General Secretary Yuri Andropov and received a personal reply with a personal invitation to visit the Soviet Union, which she accepted. Smith attracted extensive media attention in both countries as a "Goodwill Ambassador" and became known as "America's Youngest Ambassador" participating in peacemaking activities in Japan. She wrote a book about her visit to the Soviet Union and co-starred in the television series Lime Street, before her death at the age of 13 in the Bar Harbor Airlines Flight 1808 plane crash.

56. The Chinese Pioneer Army landed 200,000 soldiers in Korea to halt US rollback. What were their tactics known as?

Cheeseboard tactics

Soup and bread roll tactics

Tea and biscuits tactics

Meat grinder tactics

On 20 August 1950, Premier Zhou Enlai informed the UN that "Korea is China's neighbor ... The Chinese people cannot but be concerned about a solution of the Korean question".

Explanation

On 20 August 1950, Premier Zhou Enlai informed the UN that "Korea is China's neighbor ... The Chinese people cannot but be concerned about a solution of the Korean question".

57. Which of the following statements is NOT true of Lech Walesa?

He was a Roman Catholic

He had a 21 point programme

It has been proven that he was a double agent

He headed a trade union called Solidarity

On 12 August 2000, Wałęsa, who was running a presidential campaign at the time, was cleared by the special Lustration Court of charges that he collaborated with the Communist-era secret services and reported on the activities of his fellow shipyard workers, due to the lack of evidence. Many people still believe however he may well have been a double agent.

Explanation

On 12 August 2000, Wałęsa, who was running a presidential campaign at the time, was cleared by the special Lustration Court of charges that he collaborated with the Communist-era secret services and reported on the activities of his fellow shipyard workers, due to the lack of evidence. Many people still believe however he may well have been a double agent.

58. Write down the phrase which describes a war in the Cold War in which the USA and USSR are not combating one another directly with troops.

A proxy war is a conflict between two states or non-state actors where neither entity directly engages the other. While this can encompass a breadth of armed confrontation, its core definition hinges on two separate powers utilizing external strife to somehow attack the interests or territorial holdings of the other. This frequently involves both countries fighting their opponent's allies, or assisting their allies in fighting their opponent.

Explanation

A proxy war is a conflict between two states or non-state actors where neither entity directly engages the other. While this can encompass a breadth of armed confrontation, its core definition hinges on two separate powers utilizing external strife to somehow attack the interests or territorial holdings of the other. This frequently involves both countries fighting their opponent's allies, or assisting their allies in fighting their opponent.

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59. Which South Vietnamese Catholic dictator did the US support with $1.6 billion of aid?

Nguyen Van Nhung

Ho Chi Minh

Quang Duc

Ngo Dinh Diem

90% of Vietnamese were Buddhist, Diem was Catholic and was assassinated aged 62. He once said "Follow me if I advance, kill me if I retreat, avenge me if I die!"

Explanation

90% of Vietnamese were Buddhist, Diem was Catholic and was assassinated aged 62. He once said "Follow me if I advance, kill me if I retreat, avenge me if I die!"

60. What did Churchill do to the German arsenal after the Second World War?

Sell it

Destroy it

Maintain it

Melt it

He feared it would be used by the Russians. After all, they had kept 200,000 soldiers stationed in Manchuria at the turn of the century which had been a key cause of the Russo-Japanese war (they were not meant to stay). Churchill feared the Red Army would repeat this and so he wanted German arms to stay in tact.

Explanation

He feared it would be used by the Russians. After all, they had kept 200,000 soldiers stationed in Manchuria at the turn of the century which had been a key cause of the Russo-Japanese war (they were not meant to stay). Churchill feared the Red Army would repeat this and so he wanted German arms to stay in tact.

61. Which moderate wanted reform which led to the Hungarian Rising?

Gero

Rakosi

Nagy

Beke

Hungary became a communist state under the severely authoritarian leadership of Mátyás Rákosi. Under Rákosi's reign, the Security Police (ÁVH) began a series of purges, first within the Communist Party to end opposition to Rákosi's reign. The victims were labeled as "Titoists," "western agents," or "Trotskyists" for as insignificant a crime as spending time in the West to participate in the Spanish Civil War. In total, about half of all the middle and lower level party officials—at least 7,000 people—were purged. He was followed by Imre Nagy however who sought greater reform and to leave the Warsaw Pact in order to change Hungary.

Explanation

Hungary became a communist state under the severely authoritarian leadership of Mátyás Rákosi. Under Rákosi's reign, the Security Police (ÁVH) began a series of purges, first within the Communist Party to end opposition to Rákosi's reign. The victims were labeled as "Titoists," "western agents," or "Trotskyists" for as insignificant a crime as spending time in the West to participate in the Spanish Civil War. In total, about half of all the middle and lower level party officials—at least 7,000 people—were purged. He was followed by Imre Nagy however who sought greater reform and to leave the Warsaw Pact in order to change Hungary.

62. How many Eastern European states were NOT Communist in 1948?

0

1

2

3

The Greek Civil War was fought in Greece from 1946 to 1949 between the Greek government army (backed by the United Kingdom and the United States), and the Democratic Army of Greece (DSE, the military branch of the Greek Communist Party (KKE), backed by Yugoslavia and Albania as well as by Bulgaria). The fighting resulted in the defeat of the Communist insurgents by the government forces. Founded by the Communist Party of Greece and funded by Communist nations such as Yugoslavia, the Democratic Army of Greece included many personnel who had fought as partisans against German and Italian occupation forces during the Second World War of 1939–1945.

Explanation

The Greek Civil War was fought in Greece from 1946 to 1949 between the Greek government army (backed by the United Kingdom and the United States), and the Democratic Army of Greece (DSE, the military branch of the Greek Communist Party (KKE), backed by Yugoslavia and Albania as well as by Bulgaria). The fighting resulted in the defeat of the Communist insurgents by the government forces. Founded by the Communist Party of Greece and funded by Communist nations such as Yugoslavia, the Democratic Army of Greece included many personnel who had fought as partisans against German and Italian occupation forces during the Second World War of 1939–1945.

63. Where did Macarthur land to launch his counter-offensive in the Korean War?

Seoul

Incheon

Pusan

Daegu

Against the rested and re-armed Pusan Perimeter defenders and their reinforcements, the KPA were undermanned and poorly supplied; unlike the UN Command, they lacked naval and air support. To relieve the Pusan Perimeter, General MacArthur recommended an amphibious landing at Incheon, near Seoul and well over 100 miles (160 km) behind the KPA lines. On 6 July, he ordered Major General Hobart R. Gay, Commander, 1st Cavalry Division, to plan the division's amphibious landing at Incheon; on 12–14 July, the 1st Cavalry Division embarked from Yokohama, Japan, to reinforce the 24th Infantry Division inside the Pusan Perimeter.

Explanation

Against the rested and re-armed Pusan Perimeter defenders and their reinforcements, the KPA were undermanned and poorly supplied; unlike the UN Command, they lacked naval and air support. To relieve the Pusan Perimeter, General MacArthur recommended an amphibious landing at Incheon, near Seoul and well over 100 miles (160 km) behind the KPA lines. On 6 July, he ordered Major General Hobart R. Gay, Commander, 1st Cavalry Division, to plan the division's amphibious landing at Incheon; on 12–14 July, the 1st Cavalry Division embarked from Yokohama, Japan, to reinforce the 24th Infantry Division inside the Pusan Perimeter.

64. 30,000 Americans died during the Korean War. Who were they fighting for?

ASEAN

USA

UNO

NATO

The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization to promote international co-operation and to create and maintain international order. A replacement for the ineffective League of Nations, the organization was established on 24 October 1945 after World War II in order to prevent another such conflict. At its founding, the UN had 51 member states.

Explanation

The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization to promote international co-operation and to create and maintain international order. A replacement for the ineffective League of Nations, the organization was established on 24 October 1945 after World War II in order to prevent another such conflict. At its founding, the UN had 51 member states.

65. When did the Korean War officially end?

July 27th 1953

June 25th 1950

18th January 1978

It didn't

The on-again, off-again armistice negotiations continued for two years, first at Kaesong, on the border between North and South Korea, and then at the neighboring village of Panmunjom. A major, problematic negotiation point was prisoner of war (POW) repatriation. The PVA, KPA, and UN Command could not agree on a system of repatriation because many PVA and KPA soldiers refused to be repatriated back to the north, which was unacceptable to the Chinese and North Koreans. In the final armistice agreement, signed on 27 July 1953, a Neutral Nations Repatriation Commission, under the chairman Indian General K. S. Thimayya, was set up to handle the matter. The war has not officially ended however.

Explanation

The on-again, off-again armistice negotiations continued for two years, first at Kaesong, on the border between North and South Korea, and then at the neighboring village of Panmunjom. A major, problematic negotiation point was prisoner of war (POW) repatriation. The PVA, KPA, and UN Command could not agree on a system of repatriation because many PVA and KPA soldiers refused to be repatriated back to the north, which was unacceptable to the Chinese and North Koreans. In the final armistice agreement, signed on 27 July 1953, a Neutral Nations Repatriation Commission, under the chairman Indian General K. S. Thimayya, was set up to handle the matter. The war has not officially ended however.

66. Who was battered to death by the secret police in 1984?

Mikhail Gorbachev

Father Jerzy Popieluszko

Lech Walesa

Jan Maseryk

Jerzy Popiełuszko was a Polish Roman Catholic priest who became associated with the opposition Solidarity trade union in communist Poland. He was murdered in 1984 by three agents of the Security Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, who were shortly thereafter tried and convicted of the murder. He has been recognized as a martyr by the Roman Catholic Church, and was beatified on 6 June 2010 by Cardinal Angelo Amato on behalf of Pope Benedict XVI. A miracle attributed to his intercession and required for his canonization is now under investigation. His death in Catholic Poland was one of the key reasons for the end of Communism in that country and thus the end of the Cold War.

Explanation

Jerzy Popiełuszko was a Polish Roman Catholic priest who became associated with the opposition Solidarity trade union in communist Poland. He was murdered in 1984 by three agents of the Security Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, who were shortly thereafter tried and convicted of the murder. He has been recognized as a martyr by the Roman Catholic Church, and was beatified on 6 June 2010 by Cardinal Angelo Amato on behalf of Pope Benedict XVI. A miracle attributed to his intercession and required for his canonization is now under investigation. His death in Catholic Poland was one of the key reasons for the end of Communism in that country and thus the end of the Cold War.

67. Who was Soviet leader in 1968?

Stalin

Khruschev

Brezhnev

Andropov

The Brezhnev Doctrine was a Soviet foreign policy, first and most clearly outlined by S. Kovalev in a September 26, 1968, Pravda article, entitled Sovereignty and the International Obligations of Socialist Countries. Leonid Brezhnev reiterated it in a speech at the Fifth Congress of the Polish United Workers' Party on November 13, 1968, which stated "When forces that are hostile to socialism try to turn the development of some socialist country towards capitalism, it becomes not only a problem of the country concerned, but a common problem and concern of all socialist countries"

Explanation

The Brezhnev Doctrine was a Soviet foreign policy, first and most clearly outlined by S. Kovalev in a September 26, 1968, Pravda article, entitled Sovereignty and the International Obligations of Socialist Countries. Leonid Brezhnev reiterated it in a speech at the Fifth Congress of the Polish United Workers' Party on November 13, 1968, which stated "When forces that are hostile to socialism try to turn the development of some socialist country towards capitalism, it becomes not only a problem of the country concerned, but a common problem and concern of all socialist countries"

68. Following a programme of 'Vietnamization' in which the US built up South Vietnamesearms what was signed by Henry Kissinger and Le Duc Tho to end the fighting in Vietnam?

Treaty of Paris

Treaty of Amsterdam

Treaty of Newcaslte

Treaty of Kiev

Nixon began the process of Vietnamization (building up South Vietnam forces prior to leaving). Nixon described it as “peace with honour” at the Paris Peace Conference and by 29th March 1973 US forces had left. Saigon fell and the North were victorious in 1975. Vietnam became one united Communist nation.

Explanation

Nixon began the process of Vietnamization (building up South Vietnam forces prior to leaving). Nixon described it as “peace with honour” at the Paris Peace Conference and by 29th March 1973 US forces had left. Saigon fell and the North were victorious in 1975. Vietnam became one united Communist nation.

69. Match up the actions of Mikhail Gorbachev

Openness

Restructuring

Softer personality he introduced to the Politburo

Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev was the eighth and final leader of the Soviet Union, having been General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991, when the party was dissolved. He was the country's head of state from 1988 until its dissolution in 1991 (titled as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from 1988 to 1989, as Chairman of the Supreme Soviet from 1989 to 1990, and as President of the Soviet Union from 1990 to 1991). He also starred in a Pizza Hut advert!

Explanation

Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev was the eighth and final leader of the Soviet Union, having been General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991, when the party was dissolved. He was the country's head of state from 1988 until its dissolution in 1991 (titled as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from 1988 to 1989, as Chairman of the Supreme Soviet from 1989 to 1990, and as President of the Soviet Union from 1990 to 1991). He also starred in a Pizza Hut advert!

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70. It was a relatively peaceful end to Communism but not in which country?

Hungary

Czechoslovakia

Romania

Albania

On 22 December 1989, Romania's communist leader Nicolae Ceausescu was overthrown in a violent revolution and fled from the capital, Bucharest. It was the last of the popular uprisings against communist rule in eastern Europe that year.

Explanation

On 22 December 1989, Romania's communist leader Nicolae Ceausescu was overthrown in a violent revolution and fled from the capital, Bucharest. It was the last of the popular uprisings against communist rule in eastern Europe that year.

71. What is the period in Czechoslovakia in the build up to the events of 1968 often known as?

Prague Spring

Prague Winter

Prague Summer

Prague Autumn

During this time Dubček and other reformers sought to liberalize the Communist government—creating "socialism with a human face". Though this loosened the party's influence on the country, Dubček remained a devoted Communist and intended to preserve the party's rule. However, during the Prague Spring, he and other reform-minded Communists sought to win popular support for the Communist government by eliminating its worst, most repressive features, allowing greater freedom of expression and tolerating political and social organizations not under Communist control. A poll gave him 78% public support. Yet Dubček found himself in an increasingly untenable position. The program of reform gained momentum, leading to pressures for further liberalization and democratization. At the same time, hard-line Communists in Czechoslovakia and the leaders of other Warsaw Pact countries pressured Dubček to rein in the Prague Spring. Though Dubček wanted to oversee the reform movement, he refused to resort to any draconian measures to do so, while still stressing the leading role of the Party and the centrality of the Warsaw Pact.

Explanation

During this time Dubček and other reformers sought to liberalize the Communist government—creating "socialism with a human face". Though this loosened the party's influence on the country, Dubček remained a devoted Communist and intended to preserve the party's rule. However, during the Prague Spring, he and other reform-minded Communists sought to win popular support for the Communist government by eliminating its worst, most repressive features, allowing greater freedom of expression and tolerating political and social organizations not under Communist control. A poll gave him 78% public support. Yet Dubček found himself in an increasingly untenable position. The program of reform gained momentum, leading to pressures for further liberalization and democratization. At the same time, hard-line Communists in Czechoslovakia and the leaders of other Warsaw Pact countries pressured Dubček to rein in the Prague Spring. Though Dubček wanted to oversee the reform movement, he refused to resort to any draconian measures to do so, while still stressing the leading role of the Party and the centrality of the Warsaw Pact.

72. One of Khruschev's demands during the Cuban Missile Crisis in his letters to JFK were the removal of 15 _________________ missiles which were based on Russia's doorstep in Turkey.

Uranus

Mars

Jupiter

Saturn

In the immediate post-war era, the US and USSR both started rocket research programs based on the German wartime designs, especially the V-2. In the US, each branch of the military started its own programs, leading to considerable duplication of effort. In the USSR, rocket research was centrally organized, although several teams worked on different designs. Early designs from both countries were short-range missiles, like the V-2, but improvements quickly followed.

Explanation

In the immediate post-war era, the US and USSR both started rocket research programs based on the German wartime designs, especially the V-2. In the US, each branch of the military started its own programs, leading to considerable duplication of effort. In the USSR, rocket research was centrally organized, although several teams worked on different designs. Early designs from both countries were short-range missiles, like the V-2, but improvements quickly followed.

73. Dubcek wished to leave the Warsaw Pact.

True

False

Leonid Brezhnev sought clarification from Dubček on March 21, with the Politburo convened, on the situation in Czechoslovakia . Eager to avoid a similar fate as Imre Nagy, Dubček reassured Brezhnev that the reforms were totally under control and not on a similar path to those seen in 1956 in Hungary. Despite Dubček’s assurances, other socialist allies grew uneasy by the reforms taking place in an Eastern European neighbor. Namely, the Ukrainians were very alarmed by the Czechoslovak deviation from standard socialism. The First Secretary of the Ukrainian Communist Party called on Moscow for an immediate invasion of Czechoslovakia in order to stop Dubček’s ‘socialism with a human face’ from spreading into Ukraine and sparking unrest. By May 6 Brezhnev condemned Dubček’s system, declaring it a step toward “the complete collapse of the Warsaw Pact.” After three months of negotiations, agreements, and rising tensions between Moscow and Czechoslovakia, the Soviet/Warsaw Pact invasion began on the night of August 20, 1968 which was to be met with great Czechoslovak discontent and resistance for many months into 1970.

Explanation

Leonid Brezhnev sought clarification from Dubček on March 21, with the Politburo convened, on the situation in Czechoslovakia . Eager to avoid a similar fate as Imre Nagy, Dubček reassured Brezhnev that the reforms were totally under control and not on a similar path to those seen in 1956 in Hungary. Despite Dubček’s assurances, other socialist allies grew uneasy by the reforms taking place in an Eastern European neighbor. Namely, the Ukrainians were very alarmed by the Czechoslovak deviation from standard socialism. The First Secretary of the Ukrainian Communist Party called on Moscow for an immediate invasion of Czechoslovakia in order to stop Dubček’s ‘socialism with a human face’ from spreading into Ukraine and sparking unrest. By May 6 Brezhnev condemned Dubček’s system, declaring it a step toward “the complete collapse of the Warsaw Pact.” After three months of negotiations, agreements, and rising tensions between Moscow and Czechoslovakia, the Soviet/Warsaw Pact invasion began on the night of August 20, 1968 which was to be met with great Czechoslovak discontent and resistance for many months into 1970.

74. Who tried to drive a tank through the Berlin Wall in April 1963?

Wolfgang Engels

Vasili Arkhipov

Stanislav Petrov

Robert E. Garwood

138 people are estimated to have died trying to escape the Berlin Wall. Engels was aged 20 when he attempted this.

Explanation

138 people are estimated to have died trying to escape the Berlin Wall. Engels was aged 20 when he attempted this.

75. At what precise time did the Berlin Wall go up?

Midnight

2.00am

Midday

5.30pm

The Berlin Wall was a guarded concrete barrier that physically and ideologically divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989. Constructed by the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany), starting on 13 August 1961, the Wall completely cut off (by land) West Berlin from surrounding East Germany and from East Berlin until government officials opened it in November 1989. Its demolition officially began on 13 June 1990 and was completed in 1992. The barrier included guard towers placed along large concrete walls, which circumscribed a wide area (later known as the "death strip") that contained anti-vehicle trenches, "fakir beds" and other defenses such as 'Stalin grass'. The Eastern Bloc claimed that the Wall was erected to protect its population from fascist elements conspiring to prevent the "will of the people" in building a socialist state in East Germany. In practice, the Wall served to prevent the massive emigration and defection that had marked East Germany and the communist Eastern Bloc during the post-World War II period.

Explanation

The Berlin Wall was a guarded concrete barrier that physically and ideologically divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989. Constructed by the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany), starting on 13 August 1961, the Wall completely cut off (by land) West Berlin from surrounding East Germany and from East Berlin until government officials opened it in November 1989. Its demolition officially began on 13 June 1990 and was completed in 1992. The barrier included guard towers placed along large concrete walls, which circumscribed a wide area (later known as the "death strip") that contained anti-vehicle trenches, "fakir beds" and other defenses such as 'Stalin grass'. The Eastern Bloc claimed that the Wall was erected to protect its population from fascist elements conspiring to prevent the "will of the people" in building a socialist state in East Germany. In practice, the Wall served to prevent the massive emigration and defection that had marked East Germany and the communist Eastern Bloc during the post-World War II period.

76. Who, in 1967, became leader of the Czech Communists?

Dubcek

Gomulka

Honecker

Brezhnev

Alexander Dubček (Slovak pronunciation was a Slovak politician and, briefly, leader of Czechoslovakia (1968–1969). He attempted to reform the communist regime during the Prague Spring but he was forced to resign following the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia.

Explanation

Alexander Dubček (Slovak pronunciation was a Slovak politician and, briefly, leader of Czechoslovakia (1968–1969). He attempted to reform the communist regime during the Prague Spring but he was forced to resign following the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia.

77. Who was Eisenhower's staunchly anti-Communist foreign policy advisor?

Robert McNamara

John Foster Dulles

Bobby Kennedy

Colin Powell

The fighting in the Vietnam War was often brutal on both sides. American technology and firepower were totally superior but as time wore on it became clear that the USA needed more than technology to win this war. Vietnam was a failure for containment as a policy.

Explanation

The fighting in the Vietnam War was often brutal on both sides. American technology and firepower were totally superior but as time wore on it became clear that the USA needed more than technology to win this war. Vietnam was a failure for containment as a policy.

78. Napalm and Agent Blue were chemical weapons used by the USA in the Vietnam War.

True

False

71,922,824 litres of defoliants and chemical weapons sprayed on North Vietnam: America used Agent Orange as part of Operation Ranch Hand. This was a highly toxic weed killer or defoliant to help them see the VC soldiers in the jungle. 82 million litres of it were used. About 4.8 million deaths and 400,000 children born with birth defects due to Agent Orange exposure. Napalm was another chemical weapon used by the USA. As well as destroying jungle it also burned through skin to the bone. Many civilians were wounded and killed.

Explanation

71,922,824 litres of defoliants and chemical weapons sprayed on North Vietnam: America used Agent Orange as part of Operation Ranch Hand. This was a highly toxic weed killer or defoliant to help them see the VC soldiers in the jungle. 82 million litres of it were used. About 4.8 million deaths and 400,000 children born with birth defects due to Agent Orange exposure. Napalm was another chemical weapon used by the USA. As well as destroying jungle it also burned through skin to the bone. Many civilians were wounded and killed.

79. What name was given to the first space monkeys?

Sergeant Reckless

Laika

Nemo

Albert

Before humans went into space, several other animals were launched into space, including numerous other primates, so that scientists could investigate the biological effects of space travel. The United States launched flights containing primate cargo primarily between 1948-1961 with one flight in 1969 and one in 1985. France launched two monkey-carrying flights in 1967. The Soviet Union and Russia launched monkeys between 1983 and 1996. Most primates were anesthetized before lift-off. Overall thirty-two monkeys flew in the space program; none flew more than once. Numerous back-up monkeys also went through the programs but never flew. Monkeys and apes from several species were used, including rhesus monkeys, cynomolgus monkeys, squirrel monkeys, pig-tailed macaques, and chimpanzees.

Explanation

Before humans went into space, several other animals were launched into space, including numerous other primates, so that scientists could investigate the biological effects of space travel. The United States launched flights containing primate cargo primarily between 1948-1961 with one flight in 1969 and one in 1985. France launched two monkey-carrying flights in 1967. The Soviet Union and Russia launched monkeys between 1983 and 1996. Most primates were anesthetized before lift-off. Overall thirty-two monkeys flew in the space program; none flew more than once. Numerous back-up monkeys also went through the programs but never flew. Monkeys and apes from several species were used, including rhesus monkeys, cynomolgus monkeys, squirrel monkeys, pig-tailed macaques, and chimpanzees.

80. How high on its DEFCON scale did the US go during the Cuban Missile Crisis?

DEFCON 0

DEFCON 1

DEFCON 2

DEFCON 3

During the Cuban Missile Crisis on October 22, 1962, the U.S. Armed Forces (with the exception of United States Army Europe (USAREUR) were ordered to DEFCON 3. On October 24, Strategic Air Command (SAC) was ordered to DEFCON 2, while the rest of the U.S. Armed Forces remained at DEFCON 3. SAC remained at DEFCON 2 until November 15.

Explanation

During the Cuban Missile Crisis on October 22, 1962, the U.S. Armed Forces (with the exception of United States Army Europe (USAREUR) were ordered to DEFCON 3. On October 24, Strategic Air Command (SAC) was ordered to DEFCON 2, while the rest of the U.S. Armed Forces remained at DEFCON 3. SAC remained at DEFCON 2 until November 15.

81. What 12 man body did JFK establish during the Cuban Missile Crisis to advise him?

Cobra

Delta Force

Ex Comm

Strike Force

The Executive Committee of the National Security Council (commonly referred to as simply the Executive Committee or ExComm) was a body of United States government officials that convened to advise President John F. Kennedy during the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962. It was composed of the regular members of the National Security Council, along with other men whose advice the President deemed useful during the crisis. EXCOMM was formally established by National Security Action Memorandum 196 on October 22, 1962. It was made up of twelve full members in addition to the president. Advisers frequently sat in on the meetings, which were held in the Cabinet Room of the White House's West Wing and secretly recorded by tape machines activated by Kennedy. None of the other committee members knew the meetings were being recorded, save for possibly the president's brother, Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy

Explanation

The Executive Committee of the National Security Council (commonly referred to as simply the Executive Committee or ExComm) was a body of United States government officials that convened to advise President John F. Kennedy during the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962. It was composed of the regular members of the National Security Council, along with other men whose advice the President deemed useful during the crisis. EXCOMM was formally established by National Security Action Memorandum 196 on October 22, 1962. It was made up of twelve full members in addition to the president. Advisers frequently sat in on the meetings, which were held in the Cabinet Room of the White House's West Wing and secretly recorded by tape machines activated by Kennedy. None of the other committee members knew the meetings were being recorded, save for possibly the president's brother, Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy

82. What tactics did Ho Chi Minh use after defeat at La Dreng Valley?

Hugging the belt

Tipping the hat

Prodding the belly

Loosening the trousers

In early 1965 the VC had about 170,000 soldiers. They were heavily outnumbered by the USA who at their peak had over 500,000 soldiers.

Explanation

In early 1965 the VC had about 170,000 soldiers. They were heavily outnumbered by the USA who at their peak had over 500,000 soldiers.

83. Which of the following was probably the LEAST negative Cold War depiction of the Soviets of those listed?

Zangief (Streetfighter II)

General Rosa Klebb (James Bond)

Reagan's Bear (Election advert)

Boris Badenov (Rocky & Bullwinkle)

Zangief, often called the Red Cyclone, is a fictional character in Capcom's Street Fighter series. Considered to be the first fighting game character whose moveset is centered on grappling, he made his first appearance in Street Fighter II: The World Warrior in 1991. In the series, he is a professional wrestler that fights to prove Russia's superiority over other nation's fighters.

Explanation

Zangief, often called the Red Cyclone, is a fictional character in Capcom's Street Fighter series. Considered to be the first fighting game character whose moveset is centered on grappling, he made his first appearance in Street Fighter II: The World Warrior in 1991. In the series, he is a professional wrestler that fights to prove Russia's superiority over other nation's fighters.

84. William Calley was found guilty but only of 22 murders ay My Lai. How many years did he serve?

1.5

2.5

3.5

10.5

William Calley, the leader of forces on the ground, served only 6 years for his leading part in the atrocities. Calley described the people he killed as “blobs, pieces of flesh” rather than people.

Explanation

William Calley, the leader of forces on the ground, served only 6 years for his leading part in the atrocities. Calley described the people he killed as “blobs, pieces of flesh” rather than people.

85. Where were many captured US POWs taken and kept as prisoners in terrible conditions?

'Danang Holiday inn'

'Saigon Ramada'

'Hanoi Hilton'

'The Dien Bien Phu Savoy'

The VC shot down 14,000 US aircraft including, famously, John McCain (a future US Republican Presidential candidate who lost an election to Barack Obama).

Explanation

The VC shot down 14,000 US aircraft including, famously, John McCain (a future US Republican Presidential candidate who lost an election to Barack Obama).

86. 3000 French were routed in a major victory for Ho Chi Minh. Where?

Saigon

Dien Bien Phu

Hanoi

Danang

The USA poured in $500 million per year to help the French but to no avail. There were 90,000 French casualties and 3,000 died in a comprehensive defeat at the battle of Dien Bien Phu. A small Asian nation had beaten a large European power.

Explanation

The USA poured in $500 million per year to help the French but to no avail. There were 90,000 French casualties and 3,000 died in a comprehensive defeat at the battle of Dien Bien Phu. A small Asian nation had beaten a large European power.

87. Match the Eastern European leader with their country.

Gomulka

Honecker

Brezhnev

Dubcek

Nagy

Hoxha

Challenging question! Well done!

Explanation

Challenging question! Well done!

Submit

88. What was the Quang Ngai region known as by the Americans?

Brownville

Redville

Pinkville

Blueville

In 4 hours 300-400 civilians were massacred including women and children and the elderly. What is more the USA had tried to cover it up.

Explanation

In 4 hours 300-400 civilians were massacred including women and children and the elderly. What is more the USA had tried to cover it up.

89. And how many of these casualties were Korean?

250,000

1 million

1.5 million

2.49 million

In contrast according to the data from the U.S. Department of Defense, the United States suffered 33,686 battle deaths, along with 2,830 non-battle deaths, during the Korean War

Explanation

In contrast according to the data from the U.S. Department of Defense, the United States suffered 33,686 battle deaths, along with 2,830 non-battle deaths, during the Korean War

90. Lots of points up for grabs on this question so take your time. Just match up the early Cold War event with the correct date.

Yalta Conference

NATO is formed

Cominform is set up

A bomb is dropped on Nagasaki

President Roosevelt dies

Czechoslovakia becomes Communist

Germany is divided into West and East

Russia develops its own atomic bomb

A bomb is dropped on Hiroshima

The Warsaw Pact is set up

Potsdam Conference

Churchill makes his Iron Curtain speech

Churchill is voted out of office

Berlin blockade begins

Truman leaves office

Mao comes to power in China

North Korean War begins

The United States emerged from World War II as one of the foremost economic, political, and military powers in the world. Wartime production pulled the economy out of depression and propelled it to great profits. In the interest of avoiding another global war, for the first time the United States began to use economic assistance as a strategic element of its foreign policy and offered significant assistance to countries in Europe and Asia struggling to rebuild their shattered economies. In contrast to American unwillingness to politically or militarily entangle itself in the League of Nations, the United States became one of the first members of the international organization designed to promote international security, commerce, and law, the United Nations. The United States also took an active interest in the fate of the colonies the European powers were having difficulty maintaining. In addition to these challenges, the United States faced increasing resistance from the Soviet Union which had rescinded on a number of wartime promises. As the Soviets demonstrated a keen interest in dominating Eastern Europe, the United States took the lead in forming a Western alliance to counterbalance the communist superpower to contain the spread of communism. At the same time, the United States restructured its military and intelligence forces, both of which would have a significant influence in U.S. Cold War policy.

Explanation

The United States emerged from World War II as one of the foremost economic, political, and military powers in the world. Wartime production pulled the economy out of depression and propelled it to great profits. In the interest of avoiding another global war, for the first time the United States began to use economic assistance as a strategic element of its foreign policy and offered significant assistance to countries in Europe and Asia struggling to rebuild their shattered economies. In contrast to American unwillingness to politically or militarily entangle itself in the League of Nations, the United States became one of the first members of the international organization designed to promote international security, commerce, and law, the United Nations. The United States also took an active interest in the fate of the colonies the European powers were having difficulty maintaining. In addition to these challenges, the United States faced increasing resistance from the Soviet Union which had rescinded on a number of wartime promises. As the Soviets demonstrated a keen interest in dominating Eastern Europe, the United States took the lead in forming a Western alliance to counterbalance the communist superpower to contain the spread of communism. At the same time, the United States restructured its military and intelligence forces, both of which would have a significant influence in U.S. Cold War policy.

Submit

91. Match up the Cold War characters with the quotes often attributed to them.

Richard Nixon

George Orwell

Alexander Dubcek

Winston Churchill

Joseph Stalin

Robert Kennedy

JFK

Ronald Reagan

Yuri Gagarin

Fidel Castro

Nikita Khrushchev

Josip Tito

William Calley

Harry Truman

Mikhail Gorbachev

Robert Oppenheimer

Kim Il Sung

Mao Zedong

Michael Jackson

Sadako Sasaki

Challenging question! Well done!

Explanation

Challenging question! Well done!

Submit

92. Match up the event or question with the statistic. Good luck!

Number of countries fighting for the UNO in the Korean War

Number of JFK-backed troops involved in the failed Bay of Pigs invasion

Distance in metres a U2 spy plane could photograph a newspaper on the ground

Number of days the Cuban Missile Crisis lasted

Percentage of the vote the Communist Vietcong were expected to win in free elections before the US refused to allow this

Number of Vietcong soldiers on the ground in the Vietnam War

Length of Vietcong tunnels in kilometres such as those at Cuchi

Number of VC who died in the Tet Offensive

Percentage of Poles who reported they trusted Lech Walesa in a 1980 poll

Estimated number of civilians killed at My Lai

Weeks long the Hungarian Rising lasted

Years between the uprisings in Hungary and Czechoslovakia

Amount in US Dollars the Marshall Plan gave to Europe over four years

Number of people who fled from East to West Berlin 1949-61

Amount in dollars it cost the USA to kill one Vietcong soldier

Number of dogs or 'woofniks' sent into space

Average age of a smurf!

Challenging question! Well done!

Explanation

Challenging question! Well done!

Submit

93. Match up the following events of the Cold War with the correct date.

The Cuban Revolution

Solidarity produce their 21 demand programme

The Berlin Wall comes down

Gulf of Tonkin Incident

Gorbachev wins the Nobel Peace Prize

Soviets invade Czechoslovakia

Geneva Conference (which divides Vietnam) begins

Tet Offensive

The Bay of Pigs invasion

Berlin Wall is constructed

Man lands on the moon

Churchill is voted out of office and replaced by Attlee as UK Prime Minister

Challenging question! Well done!

Explanation

Challenging question! Well done!

Submit

94. Final question! Match up the following (not always so famous) Cold War characters with their famous deed/action.

Neil Armstrong

Laika

Phan Kim Thi Phuc

Quang Duc

Country Joe

Samantha Smith

Superman

Gary Powers

Rocky Balboa

David Hasselhoff

Conrad Schumann

'Apache'

Bert the Turtle

Bobby Fischer

Enola Gay Tibbets

Daisy

Gal Halvorsen

GI Joe

Frank Sinatra

Hugh Thompson

Ivan Ivanovich

James Bond

Marita Lorenz

Papa Smurf

Nemo

Sadako Sasaki

Stanislav Petrov

Well done - you have finished this monster quiz. Time to see how you got on. 50% is the pass rate!

Explanation

Well done - you have finished this monster quiz. Time to see how you got on. 50% is the pass rate!

Submit

The Cold War Ultimate Quiz: Exam!

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