Testing Knowledge Istbq 2

Capture/Playback is a tool that would be involved in the automation of regression testing. This tool allows testers to record user interactions with the software and then play them back as test scripts. This helps in automating repetitive test scenarios and ensures that the software behaves consistently across different test runs. By capturing and replaying user actions, the tool can simulate real-world usage and identify any regression issues that may have been introduced in the software.

The test process can start when the software requirements have been approved because it is important to have a clear understanding of what the software should do before testing can begin. Once the requirements have been approved, the testing team can start creating test cases and test plans based on those requirements. This ensures that the software is tested against the intended functionality and that any deviations or issues can be identified and addressed early in the development process.

The answer depends on the risk for your industry, contract, and special requirements. Different industries have different levels of risk associated with their products or services, which will determine the amount of testing needed. Additionally, the terms of the contract and any specific requirements or regulations that need to be met will also impact the amount of testing required. Therefore, it is impossible to give a definitive answer to how much testing is enough without considering these factors.

Regression testing is the process of retesting an already tested program after making modifications to ensure that the changes have not introduced any new defects or caused any issues in other related or unrelated software components. It is done to ensure that the modified software still performs as expected and does not negatively impact the existing functionality.

Using Boundary Value Analysis (BVA), the appropriate test cases would be the values just above and below the boundaries. In this case, the boundaries are 1 and 99. Therefore, the appropriate test cases would be 0, 1, 99, and 100. These test cases cover the lower and upper boundaries, as well as values just outside the boundaries to ensure that the system handles them correctly.

Recovery testing is not part of performance testing. Performance testing focuses on measuring response times, simulating many users, and generating many transactions to evaluate the system's performance under different loads. Recovery testing, on the other hand, is a type of testing that checks how well the system recovers from failures, crashes, or other disruptive events. While recovery testing is important for ensuring system resilience, it is not directly related to evaluating performance metrics such as response times or user load handling.

When testing worldwide web sites, it is important to concentrate on the interaction between HTML pages, as this ensures smooth navigation and functionality. Additionally, performance on the client side should be tested to ensure that the website is fast and responsive for users. Lastly, security aspects should be a focus to protect user data and prevent unauthorized access. Therefore, all of the above features should be concentrated upon when testing world wide web sites.

Boundary value testing is a technique used to test the boundary conditions of input and output equivalence classes. It involves testing the values at the edges of these classes, both below and above, to ensure that the system behaves correctly. This technique is different from equivalence partitioning, as it specifically focuses on the boundaries. It is commonly used in white box testing strategies to ensure thorough testing of the system's behavior.

Fault masking refers to the situation where one error condition is hiding or concealing another error condition. This means that when an error occurs, instead of directly indicating the root cause or fault, it is covered up by another error condition. This can make it difficult to identify and diagnose the original fault, as the focus is shifted towards the secondary error. Fault masking can occur unintentionally during development or testing, and it can lead to challenges in troubleshooting and resolving issues.

In large systems, it is not feasible to run all possible tests due to time and resource constraints. Therefore, testing should be prioritized based on the level of risk associated with different components or functionalities of the system. By focusing on high-risk areas, testers can ensure that critical aspects of the system are thoroughly tested, while low-risk areas may receive less attention. This approach allows for efficient testing and ensures that potential issues with high impact are identified and addressed early in the testing process.

Performance testing is a type of non-functional testing that evaluates the system's ability to handle different workloads and measure its responsiveness, scalability, and stability under varying conditions. It focuses on assessing the system's performance in terms of speed, reliability, resource usage, and throughput. This testing is conducted to identify any performance bottlenecks, optimize system performance, and ensure that the system meets the required performance standards. Unit testing, regression testing, and sanity testing, on the other hand, are all functional testing techniques that focus on verifying the correctness and functionality of specific components or the entire system.

Reviews and inspections can be considered part of testing because they help detect faults and improve the quality of the software. While they may not directly involve executing the software, they play a crucial role in identifying issues and ensuring that the software meets the required standards. Reviews and inspections involve examining development documentation, code, or other artifacts to identify potential problems or areas for improvement. By catching faults early in the development process, they contribute to the overall quality of the software and help in delivering a more reliable and robust product.

The best definition of quality is "conformance to requirements." This means that a product or service meets the specified requirements and standards set by the customer or the organization. It focuses on meeting the expectations and needs of the customer, ensuring that the product or service is delivered as intended. Quality is not just about the absence of defects but also about meeting the desired specifications and standards.

Statement and branch testing is a common test technique used during component testing. This technique involves testing each statement and branch in the code to ensure that all possible paths and conditions are tested. It helps in identifying any issues or errors in the code logic, ensuring that all statements are executed and all possible outcomes are tested. This technique is essential for achieving high code coverage and improving the overall quality of the component being tested.

System testing should investigate both non-functional requirements and functional requirements. Non-functional requirements are the qualities or attributes that a system should possess, such as performance, reliability, usability, and security. Functional requirements, on the other hand, define the specific functions or tasks that the system should be able to perform. Both types of requirements are important to ensure that the system meets the desired standards and performs as expected. Therefore, system testing should consider both non-functional and functional requirements to ensure the overall quality and effectiveness of the system.

Recovery testing is not part of performance testing. Performance testing involves measuring response times, simulating many users, and generating many transactions to assess the performance and scalability of a system. Recovery testing, on the other hand, focuses on evaluating the system's ability to recover from failures or disruptions and restore normal operations. While both types of testing are important, recovery testing is specifically aimed at assessing the system's resilience and ability to recover, rather than its performance under normal conditions.

Developers typically use static analysis (i) and dynamic analysis (iv) tools to analyze and debug their code. These tools help them identify and fix any potential issues or bugs in the code. On the other hand, an independent system test team typically uses performance testing (ii) and test management (iii) tools. Performance testing tools help them evaluate the performance and scalability of the system, while test management tools help them plan, organize, and track the testing process.

Re-testing is the process of testing the software again after the reported bugs or faults have been fixed. Its purpose is to verify that the original fault has been successfully removed and the software functions as intended. On the other hand, regression testing is performed to ensure that the changes or fixes made to the software do not introduce any new defects or unexpected side-effects. It aims to validate that the previously working functionalities have not been negatively impacted by the changes. Therefore, the given answer correctly explains the difference between re-testing and regression testing.

In prioritizing what to test, the most important objective is to test high risk areas. This is because high risk areas are more likely to contain critical defects that could have a significant impact on the system or business. By focusing on testing these areas first, we can identify and address potential issues that may pose a greater risk to the overall quality and functionality of the system. This approach helps to ensure that the most critical aspects of the system are thoroughly tested and any potential faults are identified and resolved early in the testing process.

Reviews should be performed on specifications, code, and test plans. This statement is true because reviews are a systematic examination of a document or artifact to evaluate its quality and identify any faults or improvements. By conducting reviews on specifications, code, and test plans, potential issues can be identified and addressed early in the development process, leading to improved quality and efficiency. Reviews help to ensure that the requirements are clear and complete, the code is correct and maintainable, and the test plans are comprehensive and effective.

The expected results are most useful when specified in advance because when the expected results are defined beforehand, it allows for a clear understanding of the desired outcome. This helps in planning and designing the test cases effectively, ensuring that all the necessary scenarios are covered. It also helps in identifying any deviations or issues in the actual results during the testing process. Having specified expected results in advance provides a benchmark for evaluating the success of the testing process and helps in ensuring the quality of the software being tested.

The correct answer is "All of the above". This is because regression testing involves retesting the previously tested areas of the software to ensure that changes or bug fixes have not introduced new defects. Therefore, it is important to select test cases that cover the areas where bug fixes have been made and understand how these fixes may impact the system. Additionally, it is also important to include the areas of frequent defects and areas that have undergone many or recent code changes, as these are more likely to have introduced new bugs.

Incident reports would not normally form part of a test plan because incident reports are typically generated after the testing phase, when issues or defects are identified during the testing process. A test plan, on the other hand, outlines the objectives, scope, approach, and schedule of the testing activities, as well as the features to be tested and any associated risks. Incident reports are used to document and track issues that occur during testing and are separate from the initial test plan.

Developers may have difficulty testing their own work due to a lack of objectivity. When developers test their own code, they may unintentionally overlook errors or make assumptions about its functionality. This lack of objectivity can lead to biased testing and a failure to identify potential issues. Having a fresh set of eyes or involving a dedicated tester can help provide a more objective perspective and improve the overall quality of the testing process.

LCSAJ (Linear Code Sequence and Jump) is not a black box technique because it involves analyzing the internal structure and logic of the code. Black box testing focuses on testing the functionality of a system without considering its internal implementation. State transition testing, syntax testing, and boundary value analysis are all black box techniques as they only consider the inputs and outputs of the system without any knowledge of its internal workings.

The test conditions are derived from specifications. Specifications outline the requirements and functionalities of the system or product being tested. They provide detailed information on what needs to be tested and what aspects of the system should be focused on during testing. Test conditions are derived by analyzing and interpreting the specifications to identify specific scenarios, inputs, and expected outcomes that need to be tested. By referring to the specifications, testers can ensure that they cover all the necessary test conditions during the testing process.

Scalability is not a software characteristic because it refers to the ability of a system to handle an increasing amount of work by adding resources. While it is an important consideration for software systems, it is not a fundamental characteristic like reliability, usability, and maintainability. Scalability is more of a performance attribute that can be achieved through various techniques such as load balancing, clustering, and vertical or horizontal scaling.

Non-functional system testing involves evaluating the quality attributes of a system, such as its performance and usability. This type of testing focuses on aspects of the system that are not directly related to its functionality but are crucial for its overall effectiveness and user satisfaction. By testing these attributes, developers can ensure that the system meets the desired performance standards and provides a user-friendly experience.

Functional system testing is the process of testing the end to end functionality of the system as a whole. This type of testing ensures that all the components and systems within the larger system are working together correctly and performing their intended functions. It focuses on verifying that the system meets the specified requirements and performs as expected. By testing the system as a whole, any issues or defects in the integration of the components can be identified and resolved, ensuring that the system functions properly in its entirety.

Incidents are typically raised to report and address issues or problems that occur in a system or process. In this context, incidents would not be raised against improvements suggested by users. Improvements suggested by users are usually positive contributions aimed at enhancing the system or process, rather than reporting problems or issues. Therefore, it is unlikely that incidents would be raised against such suggestions.

Alpha testing is performed at the developing organization's site. It is a type of testing where the software is tested by the internal teams of the organization before it is released to external users. This testing phase helps identify any issues or bugs in the software and allows the development team to make necessary improvements before the software is released for beta testing or to the public.

Testing should be stopped when it depends on the risks for the system being tested. This means that testing should continue until the risks associated with the system have been sufficiently mitigated. If the risks are high and there is a possibility of severe consequences, testing should continue until all faults have been fixed correctly. However, if the risks are low and the system is functioning well, testing can be stopped when all the planned tests have been run or when time has run out.

Beta testing is a type of testing performed by customers at their own site. It involves releasing a software product to a limited number of end-users to gather feedback and identify any potential issues or bugs before the final release. This allows the software developer to collect real-world data and user experiences, ensuring that the product meets the needs and expectations of the customers. Beta testing typically occurs in the later stages of the software development lifecycle, after the completion of alpha testing.

The correct answer includes the boundary values for testing the input field. The values 1899 and 2005 are outside the range of acceptable years, so they are included to test if the field properly rejects values outside the specified range. The values 1900 and 2004 are included to test if the field accepts the minimum and maximum values within the range.

Statement coverage is a testing technique that aims to ensure that every statement in the code is executed at least once. It helps in identifying missing statements, which are those statements in the code that are not executed during the testing process. Therefore, statement coverage will indeed check for missing statements. However, it will not specifically check for unused branches, dead code, or unused statements, which are other aspects of code coverage that may be checked using different techniques such as branch coverage or path coverage.

Functional system testing is a type of testing that focuses on testing the end-to-end functionality of the system as a whole. This means that it verifies that all the components and systems within the larger system are working together correctly and performing their intended functions. It ensures that the system is able to perform its intended tasks and meet the specified requirements.

A deviation from the specified or expected behavior that is visible to end-users is called a failure. This means that the system or software is not performing as intended and is causing issues or problems for the users. It could be a result of errors, faults, or defects within the system, but the key distinction is that a failure is the observable impact of these issues on the end-user experience.

The purpose of a test design technique is to identify both test conditions and test cases. Test conditions refer to the specific factors or attributes that need to be tested, while test cases are the specific inputs, actions, or events that are used to test those conditions. By identifying both the conditions and the corresponding cases, a test design technique ensures that all relevant aspects of the system are thoroughly tested.

Use cases can be performed to test business scenarios. Use cases are a way of capturing and describing how users interact with a system or application to achieve specific goals. By testing business scenarios through use cases, we can ensure that the system or application is functioning correctly and meeting the requirements and objectives of the business. This type of testing helps to validate that the system is able to handle real-world business scenarios and perform the necessary functions accurately and efficiently.

The objective of proving that the software has no faults is not a reasonable test objective because it is practically impossible to prove the absence of all faults in a software system. Testing can only identify the presence of faults, but it cannot guarantee that there are no hidden or undiscovered faults. Therefore, the objective of proving the software's faultlessness is unrealistic and unachievable.

Error guessing is a technique that complements formal test design techniques. It involves using the tester's experience, intuition, and knowledge of the system to identify potential errors or defects that may not be covered by the formal test cases. It is not limited to a specific level of testing, such as component, integration, or system testing, and can be applied in any phase of testing. While it is not a repeatable technique and cannot be solely relied upon, it can be a valuable addition to the overall testing strategy.

Complete statement and branch coverage means that you have tested every statement and every branch in the program. This includes testing every individual statement as well as every possible branch or decision point in the program. By doing so, you ensure that all statements and branches are executed and evaluated, increasing the likelihood of identifying any potential errors or bugs in the code. This level of coverage provides a more comprehensive and thorough testing approach compared to only testing individual statements or combinations of values in IF statements.

Testing is split into distinct stages primarily because each stage serves a different purpose. By dividing testing into stages, it becomes easier to focus on specific objectives and ensure that each stage is executed effectively. This approach allows for a more systematic and organized testing process, where each stage can be designed to address specific aspects such as functional testing, performance testing, or user acceptance testing. By assigning different purposes to each stage, it becomes easier to identify and resolve issues at each step, leading to a more comprehensive and reliable testing outcome.

Enough testing has been performed when the required level of confidence has been achieved. This means that the testing process has been thorough enough to provide a certain level of assurance that the software or system being tested is functioning correctly and meeting the desired requirements. It implies that the testing has been carried out to a sufficient extent and has provided enough evidence to have confidence in the quality and reliability of the product.

Acceptance test cases are based on requirements. Acceptance testing is performed to ensure that the system meets the specified requirements and is acceptable for delivery to the end-users. Therefore, the acceptance test cases are designed based on the requirements to verify if the system functions as intended and fulfills the desired functionalities outlined in the requirements documentation. By testing against the requirements, it ensures that the system meets the user's needs and expectations.

Code coverage is used as a measure of test effectiveness. It indicates the extent to which the source code of a program has been tested. Code coverage helps to identify areas of the code that have not been executed during testing, which can be useful in identifying potential defects or areas that require further testing. By measuring code coverage, testers can assess the effectiveness of their testing efforts and make informed decisions about the quality of the software being tested.

Acceptance testing is a type of testing that evaluates whether a system meets the requirements and specifications set by the stakeholders. Contract and regulation testing ensures that the system complies with legal and regulatory requirements. Since acceptance testing focuses on verifying if the system is acceptable for delivery to the stakeholders, it is the most appropriate category for contract and regulation testing. System testing, integration testing, and smoke testing do not specifically address the compliance aspect of the system.

Risk analysis involves assessing the probability of a negative event occurring and evaluating the potential loss or impact associated with that event. Both of these components are crucial in understanding and managing risks effectively. By considering both the likelihood and potential consequences of an event, organizations can make informed decisions and implement appropriate risk mitigation strategies.

Impact Analysis helps to decide how much regression testing should be done. This is because Impact Analysis involves assessing the potential impact of a change or a defect fix on the existing system. By analyzing the impact, one can determine the areas of the system that are likely to be affected by the change and prioritize the regression testing efforts accordingly. This ensures that the most critical and high-risk areas are thoroughly tested, while minimizing the time and effort spent on testing areas that are less likely to be impacted.

The correct answer is i, ii, iv are true and iii is false. This is because test planning involves determining the scope and risks, identifying the objectives of testing, determining the test approach, reviewing the test basis, and determining the exit criteria. Therefore, options i, ii, and iv are true as they represent the major tasks of test planning. Option iii is false because reviewing the test basis is indeed a major task in test planning.