The 'Surgery Exam II part 1' focuses on diagnostic techniques and treatments for esophageal disorders. It covers topics like GERD, Achalasia, and esophageal spasms, assessing knowledge crucial for medical students and professionals in gastroenterology.
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan
24hr pH Monitoring
Esophageal Manometry
Esophageal Ultrasound
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Affects women more often than men
Causes heart burn due to reflux
Regurgitation is the 2nd most common Sx
B & C
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Myotomy of esophagus
Pneumatic dilatation
Fundoplication of LES
All of the above
A & C
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Barrium swallow
Flouroscopic studies
Manometry
Endoscopic ultrasound
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Most common Sx is dysphagia
Barium swallow shows esophageal torsion
Treated with calcium channel blockers
Surgery is the most effective treatment
All of the above
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Halitosis
Epiphrenic diverticulum
Zenker's diverticulum
A & C
A & B
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Endoscopy to confirm diagnosis
Excision of the diverticulum
Fundoplication of cricopharyngeus
All of the above
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True
False
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May lead to esophagitis
Sx include wheezing
Typical Sx include chest pain
All of the above
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They had a long history of GERD
They are at risk for adenocarcinoma
They may require esophagectomy
All of the above
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Labs may reveal anemia
Include Hiatal hernia in Ddx
Fundoplication may be needed
All of the above
A & B
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Adenocarcinoma often affects proximal esophagus
Leiomyomas are the most common carcinoma
Benign tumors become symptomatic at 5 cm
Papillomas ruled out based on radiographic appearance
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Barret's Esophagus
Esophageal carcinoma
Esophagitis
Perforation of Esophagus
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True
False
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Hamman's sign
Hypertension
Tachycardia
Pneumothorax
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True
False
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Large coins usually lodge below cricopharyngeus
Cocaine packets should be located endoscopically
Button batteries should be removed urgently
All of the above
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True
False
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Occurs in esophagus, jejunum and duodenum
Affects females 3x as often as males
Maybe be mistaken for pancreatitis and GERD
All of the above
A & C
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Gastric Ulcer
Gastric Volvulus
Duodenal Ulcer
Zollinger Ellison syndrome
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Tx with H2 Blockers is usually sufficient
Surgical resection is the preferred treatment
Presence of steatorrhea will r/o Zollinger Ellison
All of the above
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Labs reveal hypergastrinemia with acid hypersecretion
Type III is usually located close to the pylorus
Are benign when duodenal ulcers are present
Preferred treatment includes Surgery and NSAIDS
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Find responsible lesion
Ice water lavage to stop bleeding
Beta Blockers for Portal Hypertension
Assess ciculatory status
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Delay surgery so that antibiotics can take effect
Be alert for Borchdardt's triad
Rule out pancreatitis and cholecystitis
All of the above
B & C
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Perforated peptic ulcer
Zollinger Ellison syndrome
Gastric carcinoma
Gastric Volvulus
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Ulcerating
Limited
Superficial
Advanced
Polypoid
Gastric Volvulus
Gastric Ulcer
Perforated Ulcer
Gastric Carcinoma
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True
False
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Retching then inability to vomit
Constipation and decreased flatus
Epigastric distention
Inability to pass NG tube
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Congenital atresia
Radiation enteropathy
Regional enteritis
A & C
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Diarrhea usually becomes chronic if untreated
Should initially be given milk products
IV treatments are usually discontinued after stage 1
Body weight will be reduced by as much as 20%
Small intestine transplants are usually sufficient Tx
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Hernias
Adhesions
Intussusception
Cystic Fibrosis
Inflammatory bowel disease
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Intussusception is a common cause in adults
Cystic fibrosis may cause complete obstruction
Adhesions may be worsened by a volvulus
Neoplasm only affect the lumen of the bowel
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Well localized pain in distal obstructions
Profuse vomiting in proximal obstructions
Ladder-like air-fluid levels through out entire GI
All of the above
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Strangulation obstructions usually Dx'ed in office
Delaying surgery has little effect on mortality
Partial obstructions are only resolved with surgery
May be caused by a gall stone or neoplasm
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Has a bimodal peak of incidence/ age of onset
Leads to thinning of the bowel walls and strictures
Involves skip lesions from the lips to the anus
All of the above
A & C
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True
False
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Carcinoma of the colon
Ankylosing spondylitis
Erythema multiforme
Anorectal lesions
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The result of surgical procedures
Treated with a regional approach
Rarely involve sepsis or malnutrition
Can only be closed surgically
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