STS 214 Quiz 3
Sts 214 quiz 3
- 1.
In risk regulation at risk, shapiro and glicksman say that risk regulation legislation involves two choices by congress
- A.
Statutory triggers and statutory standards
- B.
Statutory triggers and statutory limitations
- C.
Statutory limitations and statutory standards
- D.
Statutory standards and statutory impositions
Correct Answer
A. Statutory triggers and statutory standardsExplanation
In risk regulation legislation, Congress has two choices to make. The first choice is to determine the conditions or events that will trigger the application of the regulation, known as statutory triggers. The second choice is to establish the criteria or guidelines that will be used to assess and regulate the identified risks, known as statutory standards. By implementing both statutory triggers and statutory standards, Congress can effectively address and manage risks through legislation.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Shapiro & Glicksman, in risk regulation at risk, say that congress imposes statutory triggers of various kinds, which of the following is NOT one of those kinds
- A.
Risk and efficiency thresholds
- B.
Risk based thresholds
- C.
No threshold
- D.
Unreasonable risk threshold
Correct Answer
A. Risk and efficiency thresholdsExplanation
Shapiro & Glicksman explain that Congress imposes statutory triggers in risk regulation, and these triggers can be of various kinds. The answer "risk and efficiency thresholds" is not one of those kinds. Therefore, this answer does not fall under the types of statutory triggers that Congress imposes according to Shapiro & Glicksman.Rate this question:
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- 3.
In risk regulation at risk, shapiro & glicksman that congress tends to prefer which kinds of statutory standards?
- A.
Cost benefit and open ended standards
- B.
Open ended and constrained balancing standards
- C.
Constrained balancing and phaseout standards
- D.
Phaseout and cost benefit standards
Correct Answer
B. Open ended and constrained balancing standardsExplanation
Congress tends to prefer open ended and constrained balancing standards in risk regulation. Open ended standards allow for flexibility and adaptability in addressing risks, as they do not provide specific requirements or limits. This allows Congress to respond to changing circumstances and emerging risks. Constrained balancing standards involve weighing the costs and benefits of regulations, ensuring that the benefits justify the costs. This approach allows Congress to consider the economic impact of regulations while still prioritizing public safety and risk reduction.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Shapiro and glicksman, in risk regulation at risk, say that congress has
- A.
Generally avoided product or substance phaseouts
- B.
Regularly imposed product or substance phaseouts
- C.
Never imposed product or substance phaseouts
- D.
Increased reliance on phaseouts since the onset of the environment movement
Correct Answer
A. Generally avoided product or substance phaseoutsExplanation
The correct answer is "generally avoided product or substance phaseouts." This is based on the statement made by Shapiro and Glicksman in their book "Risk Regulation at Risk," where they state that Congress has generally avoided implementing phaseouts for products or substances.Rate this question:
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- 5.
In risk regulation at risk, Shapiro and glicksman say that congress generally requires
- A.
That costs of regulation not be considered
- B.
That costs of regulation cannot be measured, and thus cannot be required
- C.
That costs of regulation be taken into account by agencies
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. That costs of regulation be taken into account by agenciesExplanation
The correct answer is that costs of regulation be taken into account by agencies. This means that when regulating risks, agencies are required to consider the costs associated with implementing and enforcing regulations. This ensures that the benefits of the regulation outweigh the costs, and allows for a more balanced approach to risk regulation.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Shapiro and glicksman, in risk regulation at risk, say that the critics of risk regulation have
- A.
Secured a number of administrative procedures that implement their rationality project
- B.
Failed to secure administrative procedures that implement their rationality project
- C.
Lost interest in securing a number of administrative procedures that implement their rationality project
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Secured a number of administrative procedures that implement their rationality projectExplanation
The correct answer is "secured a number of administrative procedures that implement their rationality project." This means that the critics of risk regulation have successfully obtained certain administrative procedures that align with their rationality project.Rate this question:
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- 7.
In risk regulation at risk, shapiro and glicksman say that the critics of risk regulation claim that the "irrational preferences" of the public requires
- A.
The elimination of public input in the risk decision process
- B.
That the public demands be "filtered" through decision making tools that add rationality to the process
- C.
The abandonment of all regulations
- D.
That we return to the "default" risk regulators: the court and markets
Correct Answer
B. That the public demands be "filtered" through decision making tools that add rationality to the processExplanation
The correct answer suggests that the critics of risk regulation believe that the "irrational preferences" of the public can be addressed by filtering their demands through decision-making tools that add rationality to the process. This implies that the critics do not advocate for the elimination of public input or the abandonment of all regulations, but rather propose a method to incorporate rationality into the decision-making process. This approach aims to balance the public's demands with the need for effective risk regulation.Rate this question:
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- 8.
In risk regulation at risk, Shapiro and glicksman say that the complaint raised by critics of risk regulation, that risk policy has seen costs greatly exceed benefits,
- A.
Must be taken seriously by pragmatists
- B.
Can be ignored by pragmatists
- C.
Is driven by political ideology
- D.
Is correct
Correct Answer
A. Must be taken seriously by pragmatistsExplanation
The correct answer is "must be taken seriously by pragmatists." This means that pragmatists should consider and address the complaint raised by critics of risk regulation, which is that the costs of risk policy outweigh the benefits. It suggests that pragmatists should not ignore or dismiss this concern, but rather give it serious consideration and potentially make adjustments to the risk regulation policies.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Shapiro and glicksman, in risk regulation at risk, say that "comprehensive rationality" is
- A.
Essential in pragmatic risk policy
- B.
Now possible thanks to modern computers
- C.
Impossible
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. ImpossibleExplanation
The given correct answer is "impossible". This implies that according to Shapiro and Glicksman, achieving "comprehensive rationality" in pragmatic risk policy is not possible. It suggests that despite the advancements in modern computers, it is still not feasible to attain a complete and thorough rationality in dealing with risk regulation.Rate this question:
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- 10.
In risk regulation at risk, shapiro and glicksman say that the concept of "bounded rationality" means that
- A.
Decision making is limited by time, resources, and cognitive ablities
- B.
Decision makers should follow market discipline
- C.
Policy makers should carefully measure public opinion while making decisions
- D.
Real policy making about risk is "bounded" by political constraints
Correct Answer
A. Decision making is limited by time, resources, and cognitive ablitiesExplanation
The concept of "bounded rationality" means that decision making is limited by time, resources, and cognitive abilities. This suggests that decision makers do not have unlimited time, resources, or cognitive abilities to make decisions. Instead, they have to work within these limitations and make the best decisions possible given the constraints they face. This concept acknowledges that decision making is not always rational or optimal, but rather constrained by practical limitations.Rate this question:
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- 11.
In risk regulation at risk, shapiro and glicksman say that pragmatists accept
- A.
That the comprehensive rationality should be the basis of risk management
- B.
That at degree of "muddling through" is inevitable in risk policy
- C.
"incremental decision making" is never appropriate
- D.
"incremental decision making" is merely disguised politics
Correct Answer
B. That at degree of "muddling through" is inevitable in risk policyExplanation
The correct answer suggests that pragmatists accept that a degree of "muddling through" is inevitable in risk policy. This means that in the complex and uncertain field of risk management, it is not always possible or practical to make comprehensive and perfect decisions. Pragmatists understand that there will be challenges and uncertainties, and they are willing to accept a certain level of ambiguity and adaptability in their approach to risk policy. They recognize that incremental decision-making, rather than seeking a perfect solution, is often necessary in navigating the complexities of risk management.Rate this question:
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- 12.
In risk regulation at risk, shapiro and glicksman say that a pragmatic approach to risk management favors
- A.
The promotion of public participation in risk decisions
- B.
The reduction of public participation in risk decisions, because of widespread public irrationality
- C.
Limiting the public participation to organized interest groups, only
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. The promotion of public participation in risk decisionsExplanation
The correct answer is the promotion of public participation in risk decisions. According to Shapiro and Glicksman, a pragmatic approach to risk management supports the involvement of the public in decision-making processes related to risks. This is because public participation allows for a wider range of perspectives and inputs, which can lead to more informed and effective risk management strategies. By including the public, decision-makers can also enhance transparency, accountability, and legitimacy in the risk regulation process.Rate this question:
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- 13.
In risk regulation at risk, shapiro and glicksman say that pragmatic risk regulations
- A.
Take costs into account as accurately as cost benefit analysis
- B.
Take costs into account, when required to by law
- C.
Take costs into account, but not in the manner prescribed by economic theory
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. Take costs into account, but not in the manner prescribed by economic theoryExplanation
Pragmatic risk regulations take costs into account, but not in the manner prescribed by economic theory. This means that while economic theory may suggest a specific method or formula for considering costs, pragmatic risk regulations may deviate from this approach and consider costs in a different way. This could be due to various factors such as the specific context of the regulation, the unique circumstances of the risk being regulated, or other practical considerations that may not align with the theoretical approach.Rate this question:
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- 14.
In risk regulation at risk, shapiro and glicksman say that there have been noticeable, and in some cases dramatic, reduction in risk posed by modern technology since the
- A.
1960's
- B.
1970's
- C.
1980's
- D.
1990's
Correct Answer
A. 1960'sExplanation
According to Shapiro and Glicksman, there has been a significant reduction in risk posed by modern technology since the 1960's. They argue that advancements in technology have led to noticeable and sometimes dramatic decreases in potential risks. This suggests that over time, improvements in technology have resulted in safer and more reliable systems, thereby reducing the level of risk associated with them.Rate this question:
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- 15.
In Risk Regulation at Risk, Shapiro and Glicksman say that regulators sometimes mis-use their discretion, and therefore
- A.
Bureaucratic discretion should be eliminated completely
- B.
We should just ignore these rare occurences
- C.
We should preserve bureaucratic discretion, while making regulator accountable
- D.
Regulations should use a strictly enforced cost-benefit analysis
Correct Answer
C. We should preserve bureaucratic discretion, while making regulator accountableExplanation
The correct answer suggests that bureaucratic discretion should be preserved, but regulators should also be held accountable for their actions. This means that regulators should have the freedom to make decisions within their discretion, but there should also be mechanisms in place to ensure that they are responsible for their choices and actions. This approach strikes a balance between allowing regulators to exercise their expertise and judgment, while also ensuring transparency and accountability in their decision-making process.Rate this question:
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Mar 19, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Dec 12, 2010Quiz Created by
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