STS 214 Quiz 3

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  • 1/15 Questions

    In risk regulation at risk, shapiro and glicksman say that there have been noticeable, and in some cases dramatic, reduction in risk posed by modern technology since the

    • 1960's
    • 1970's
    • 1980's
    • 1990's
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STS 214 Quiz 3 - Quiz
About This Quiz

STS 214 Quiz 3 explores key aspects of risk regulation as discussed by Shapiro and Glicksman, focusing on congressional choices, statutory triggers and standards, and the impact of regulatory costs. It assesses understanding of legislative frameworks and critiques in risk regulation.

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  • 2. 

    In risk regulation at risk, shapiro and glicksman say that the critics of risk regulation claim that the "irrational preferences" of the public requires

    • The elimination of public input in the risk decision process

    • That the public demands be "filtered" through decision making tools that add rationality to the process

    • The abandonment of all regulations

    • That we return to the "default" risk regulators: the court and markets

    Correct Answer
    A. That the public demands be "filtered" through decision making tools that add rationality to the process
    Explanation
    The correct answer suggests that the critics of risk regulation believe that the "irrational preferences" of the public can be addressed by filtering their demands through decision-making tools that add rationality to the process. This implies that the critics do not advocate for the elimination of public input or the abandonment of all regulations, but rather propose a method to incorporate rationality into the decision-making process. This approach aims to balance the public's demands with the need for effective risk regulation.

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  • 3. 

    In Risk Regulation at Risk, Shapiro and Glicksman say that regulators sometimes mis-use their discretion, and therefore

    • Bureaucratic discretion should be eliminated completely

    • We should just ignore these rare occurences

    • We should preserve bureaucratic discretion, while making regulator accountable

    • Regulations should use a strictly enforced cost-benefit analysis

    Correct Answer
    A. We should preserve bureaucratic discretion, while making regulator accountable
    Explanation
    The correct answer suggests that bureaucratic discretion should be preserved, but regulators should also be held accountable for their actions. This means that regulators should have the freedom to make decisions within their discretion, but there should also be mechanisms in place to ensure that they are responsible for their choices and actions. This approach strikes a balance between allowing regulators to exercise their expertise and judgment, while also ensuring transparency and accountability in their decision-making process.

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  • 4. 

    In risk regulation at risk, Shapiro and glicksman say that congress generally requires

    • That costs of regulation not be considered

    • That costs of regulation cannot be measured, and thus cannot be required

    • That costs of regulation be taken into account by agencies

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. That costs of regulation be taken into account by agencies
    Explanation
    The correct answer is that costs of regulation be taken into account by agencies. This means that when regulating risks, agencies are required to consider the costs associated with implementing and enforcing regulations. This ensures that the benefits of the regulation outweigh the costs, and allows for a more balanced approach to risk regulation.

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  • 5. 

    Shapiro & Glicksman, in risk regulation at risk, say that congress imposes statutory triggers of various kinds, which of the following is NOT one of those kinds

    • Risk and efficiency thresholds

    • Risk based thresholds

    • No threshold

    • Unreasonable risk threshold

    Correct Answer
    A. Risk and efficiency thresholds
    Explanation
    Shapiro & Glicksman explain that Congress imposes statutory triggers in risk regulation, and these triggers can be of various kinds. The answer "risk and efficiency thresholds" is not one of those kinds. Therefore, this answer does not fall under the types of statutory triggers that Congress imposes according to Shapiro & Glicksman.

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  • 6. 

    Shapiro and glicksman, in risk regulation at risk, say that the critics of risk regulation have

    • Secured a number of administrative procedures that implement their rationality project

    • Failed to secure administrative procedures that implement their rationality project

    • Lost interest in securing a number of administrative procedures that implement their rationality project

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Secured a number of administrative procedures that implement their rationality project
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "secured a number of administrative procedures that implement their rationality project." This means that the critics of risk regulation have successfully obtained certain administrative procedures that align with their rationality project.

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  • 7. 

    In risk regulation at risk, Shapiro and glicksman say that the complaint raised by critics of risk regulation,  that risk policy has seen costs greatly exceed benefits,

    • Must be taken seriously by pragmatists

    • Can be ignored by pragmatists

    • Is driven by political ideology

    • Is correct

    Correct Answer
    A. Must be taken seriously by pragmatists
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "must be taken seriously by pragmatists." This means that pragmatists should consider and address the complaint raised by critics of risk regulation, which is that the costs of risk policy outweigh the benefits. It suggests that pragmatists should not ignore or dismiss this concern, but rather give it serious consideration and potentially make adjustments to the risk regulation policies.

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  • 8. 

    In risk regulation at risk, shapiro and glicksman say that risk regulation legislation involves two choices by congress

    • Statutory triggers and statutory standards

    • Statutory triggers and statutory limitations

    • Statutory limitations and statutory standards

    • Statutory standards and statutory impositions

    Correct Answer
    A. Statutory triggers and statutory standards
    Explanation
    In risk regulation legislation, Congress has two choices to make. The first choice is to determine the conditions or events that will trigger the application of the regulation, known as statutory triggers. The second choice is to establish the criteria or guidelines that will be used to assess and regulate the identified risks, known as statutory standards. By implementing both statutory triggers and statutory standards, Congress can effectively address and manage risks through legislation.

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  • 9. 

    In risk regulation at risk, shapiro and glicksman say that the concept of "bounded rationality" means that

    • Decision making is limited by time, resources, and cognitive ablities

    • Decision makers should follow market discipline

    • Policy makers should carefully measure public opinion while making decisions

    • Real policy making about risk is "bounded" by political constraints

    Correct Answer
    A. Decision making is limited by time, resources, and cognitive ablities
    Explanation
    The concept of "bounded rationality" means that decision making is limited by time, resources, and cognitive abilities. This suggests that decision makers do not have unlimited time, resources, or cognitive abilities to make decisions. Instead, they have to work within these limitations and make the best decisions possible given the constraints they face. This concept acknowledges that decision making is not always rational or optimal, but rather constrained by practical limitations.

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  • 10. 

    In risk regulation at risk, shapiro and glicksman say that pragmatists accept

    • That the comprehensive rationality should be the basis of risk management

    • That at degree of "muddling through" is inevitable in risk policy

    • "incremental decision making" is never appropriate

    • "incremental decision making" is merely disguised politics

    Correct Answer
    A. That at degree of "muddling through" is inevitable in risk policy
    Explanation
    The correct answer suggests that pragmatists accept that a degree of "muddling through" is inevitable in risk policy. This means that in the complex and uncertain field of risk management, it is not always possible or practical to make comprehensive and perfect decisions. Pragmatists understand that there will be challenges and uncertainties, and they are willing to accept a certain level of ambiguity and adaptability in their approach to risk policy. They recognize that incremental decision-making, rather than seeking a perfect solution, is often necessary in navigating the complexities of risk management.

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  • 11. 

    In risk regulation at risk, shapiro and glicksman say that a pragmatic approach to risk management favors

    • The promotion of public participation in risk decisions

    • The reduction of public participation in risk decisions, because of widespread public irrationality

    • Limiting the public participation to organized interest groups, only

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. The promotion of public participation in risk decisions
    Explanation
    The correct answer is the promotion of public participation in risk decisions. According to Shapiro and Glicksman, a pragmatic approach to risk management supports the involvement of the public in decision-making processes related to risks. This is because public participation allows for a wider range of perspectives and inputs, which can lead to more informed and effective risk management strategies. By including the public, decision-makers can also enhance transparency, accountability, and legitimacy in the risk regulation process.

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  • 12. 

    Shapiro and glicksman, in risk regulation at risk, say that congress has

    • Generally avoided product or substance phaseouts

    • Regularly imposed product or substance phaseouts

    • Never imposed product or substance phaseouts

    • Increased reliance on phaseouts since the onset of the environment movement

    Correct Answer
    A. Generally avoided product or substance phaseouts
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "generally avoided product or substance phaseouts." This is based on the statement made by Shapiro and Glicksman in their book "Risk Regulation at Risk," where they state that Congress has generally avoided implementing phaseouts for products or substances.

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  • 13. 

    In risk regulation at risk, shapiro and glicksman say that pragmatic risk regulations

    • Take costs into account as accurately as cost benefit analysis

    • Take costs into account, when required to by law

    • Take costs into account, but not in the manner prescribed by economic theory

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Take costs into account, but not in the manner prescribed by economic theory
    Explanation
    Pragmatic risk regulations take costs into account, but not in the manner prescribed by economic theory. This means that while economic theory may suggest a specific method or formula for considering costs, pragmatic risk regulations may deviate from this approach and consider costs in a different way. This could be due to various factors such as the specific context of the regulation, the unique circumstances of the risk being regulated, or other practical considerations that may not align with the theoretical approach.

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  • 14. 

    Shapiro and glicksman, in risk regulation at risk, say that "comprehensive rationality" is

    • Essential in pragmatic risk policy

    • Now possible thanks to modern computers

    • Impossible

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Impossible
    Explanation
    The given correct answer is "impossible". This implies that according to Shapiro and Glicksman, achieving "comprehensive rationality" in pragmatic risk policy is not possible. It suggests that despite the advancements in modern computers, it is still not feasible to attain a complete and thorough rationality in dealing with risk regulation.

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  • 15. 

    In risk regulation at risk, shapiro & glicksman that congress tends to prefer which kinds of statutory standards?

    • Cost benefit and open ended standards

    • Open ended and constrained balancing standards

    • Constrained balancing and phaseout standards

    • Phaseout and cost benefit standards

    Correct Answer
    A. Open ended and constrained balancing standards
    Explanation
    Congress tends to prefer open ended and constrained balancing standards in risk regulation. Open ended standards allow for flexibility and adaptability in addressing risks, as they do not provide specific requirements or limits. This allows Congress to respond to changing circumstances and emerging risks. Constrained balancing standards involve weighing the costs and benefits of regulations, ensuring that the benefits justify the costs. This approach allows Congress to consider the economic impact of regulations while still prioritizing public safety and risk reduction.

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  • Current Version
  • Mar 19, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Dec 12, 2010
    Quiz Created by
    Qmanjor

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