Struct'l, Bldg. Utilities, Acoustic, Plumbing & Mech.

Walter Gropius is the correct answer because he was the founder of the Bauhaus school of design in Germany. The Bauhaus was a influential art and design school that operated from 1919 to 1933 and had a significant impact on modern design principles. Gropius believed in the integration of art, craft, and technology, and sought to create a new approach to design that combined functionality with aesthetics. Under his leadership, the Bauhaus became a hub for innovative and experimental design, influencing many fields including architecture, furniture design, and graphic design.

An admixture is a material that is added to concrete before or during its mixing process in order to modify its properties. This can include improving the workability, setting time, strength, durability, or other characteristics of the concrete. Admixtures are typically chemical compounds that are added in small quantities and can have a significant impact on the performance of the concrete. They are used to enhance the overall quality and performance of the concrete mixture.

Anchor bolts are round, steel bolts that are embedded in concrete or masonry to hold down masonry, steel columns, or beam casting. They are also used to secure shock beam plates and engine heads. Therefore, the correct answer is c. anchor bolts.

Art Nouveau, also known as Jugendstil in Germany, was a popular art movement that emerged in the late 19th century. It was characterized by its ornamental and decorative style, often featuring flowing lines, organic forms, and intricate patterns. The term "Jugendstil" translates to "youth style" in German and refers to the movement's focus on modernity and youthful spirit. This term is used specifically in Germany to describe the Art Nouveau style that was prevalent in the country during that time.

A grade beam is a type of concrete beam that is placed directly on the ground to provide a foundation for the superstructure. It is designed to distribute the load of the superstructure evenly and prevent settlement or movement of the structure. Grade beams are commonly used in construction to support walls, columns, or other structural elements. They are typically reinforced with steel bars to increase their strength and durability.

Batter piles are placed at an inclination to resist forces that are not critical. This inclination helps to provide stability and resist lateral forces such as wind or soil pressure. By angling the piles, they can better distribute and withstand these forces, ensuring the overall stability of the structure they support. Guide piles, slope piles, and fender piles do not specifically refer to piles placed at an inclination to resist non-critical forces.

Batter piles are piles that are placed at an inclination to resist forces that are not critical. These piles are used to provide stability and support to structures, such as retaining walls or bridge abutments, by resisting lateral forces. By angling the piles, they can better withstand horizontal forces and prevent the structure from collapsing or leaning. Therefore, batter piles are the correct answer in this case.

The act of excavating or filling of earth or any sound material or combination thereof, in preparation for a finishing surface such as paving is known as grading. Grading involves leveling the surface and ensuring it is smooth and even before the final surface is applied. This process helps to create a stable foundation and promotes proper drainage on the site.

The minimum effective throat thickness of the weld is 6.0 mm. This is determined by the thickness of the plates, which is 16 mm, and the type of joint, which is a partial penetration groove weld. The effective throat thickness is calculated as 0.375 times the thickness of the plates. Therefore, 0.375 times 16 mm equals 6.0 mm.

The reduced modulus of elasticity in concrete design takes into account the effect of creep on deflections due to sustained loadings. Creep refers to the gradual deformation of concrete over time under constant stress. This phenomenon can cause long-term deflections in structures, which need to be considered in the design process. By using a reduced modulus of elasticity, engineers can accurately account for the effect of creep and ensure that the structure can withstand sustained loads without excessive deflections.

The minimum concrete cover for primary reinforcement of beams and columns not exposed to earth or weather for precast concrete manufactured under plant control conditions is db but not less than 15mm and need not exceed 40mm.

The correct answer is b. Camber shall be approximately equal to the dead load deflection. In a steel truss that is 25 meters or longer, camber is used to counteract the deflection caused by the dead load. Dead load refers to the weight of the structure itself and any permanent fixtures or equipment. By adding a slight upward curve or camber to the truss, it compensates for the downward deflection caused by the dead load, ensuring that the truss remains level under normal loading conditions.

The correct answer is b. 0.90. The strength reduction factor is a factor used in structural design to reduce the design strength of a member to account for uncertainties and potential variations in material properties and loadings. A higher reduction factor indicates a more conservative design approach, while a lower reduction factor allows for a higher design strength. In this case, the strength reduction factor for a member with axial tension and axial tension with flexure is 0.90, indicating a slightly less conservative design approach compared to some of the other options.

The correct answer states that conduits and pipes embedded within a column should not displace more than 5% of the area of the cross section on which strength is calculated. This criterion is important because excessive displacement can weaken the structural integrity of the column, compromising its strength and stability. Therefore, it is a good construction practice to ensure that conduits and pipes do not cause significant displacement within a column.

The portal method is a method of analyzing indeterminate modular building frames by assuming hinges at the center of beam spans and column heights. This method simplifies the analysis by breaking down the frame into a series of portal frames, which are easier to analyze individually. By assuming hinges at the center of beam spans and column heights, the method allows for the calculation of internal forces and moments in the frame.

The weight of a steel bar can be calculated using the formula: weight = volume × density. The volume of a cylindrical bar can be calculated using the formula: volume = π × (radius)^2 × length, where the radius is half the diameter. In this case, the diameter is 34 mm, so the radius is 17 mm. Converting the radius to meters gives 0.017 m. The length is given as 9 meters. The density of steel is typically around 7850 kg/m^3. Plugging these values into the formula, we get: volume = π × (0.017)^2 × 9 = 0.0086 m^3. Multiplying the volume by the density, we get: weight = 0.0086 m^3 × 7850 kg/m^3 = 56.81 kg. Rounded to three decimal places, the weight is 56.865 kilograms.

The correct answer is c. 4 db. The minimum inside diameter of a standard hook for stirrups and ties is 4 times the diameter of the bar. This ensures proper engagement and anchorage of the bar within the hook, providing sufficient strength and stability. A smaller inside diameter may not adequately accommodate the bar, compromising the structural integrity of the stirrup or tie. Therefore, a minimum inside diameter of 4 db is necessary for bars 16m and smaller in diameter.

The slenderness ratio of steel compression members is a measure of how slender or slender the member is. It takes into account the effect of the degree of restraint at the top and bottom supports. The K-factors, also known as effective length factors, are used to adjust the length of the member based on the degree of restraint. These factors consider the end conditions of the member and help determine the effective length, which affects the slenderness ratio. Therefore, the correct answer is a. K-factors.

The correct answer is a. Where hoops are not required, stirrups shall be spaced at no more than d/2 throughout the length of the member. This means that when hoops are not necessary for seismic requirements, the remaining portions of the beam should still have stirrups spaced at a maximum distance of d/2, where d represents the effective depth of the member. This ensures that the beam has adequate transverse reinforcement to resist flexural forces and prevent failure during seismic events.

Creep refers to the tendency of materials to move or deform over time under a constant load. It is a gradual and permanent deformation that occurs in a material when it is subjected to constant stress or load. The amount of movement varies depending on the material, with the highly stressed areas experiencing the most movement. This movement causes the redistribution of stresses within the material.

The correct answer is d. The width of the slot shall not be less than the thickness of the parts containing it plus 10mm nor 2 1/4 times the thickness of the weld. This criterion is not applicable for plug and slot welds because it pertains to the width of the slot, whereas plug and slot welds do not have a slot. Plug and slot welds involve filling a hole or slot with weld metal, rather than creating a slot for the weld. Therefore, the width of the slot is not relevant for plug and slot welds.

The minimum requirement for development of at least 1/3 of the total reinforcement provided for negative moment reinforcement, as an embedded length beyond the point of inflection, is not less than 1.5d or 14db, or 1/12th the clear span, whichever is greater. This means that the embedded length of the reinforcement should be at least 1.5 times the diameter of the reinforcement or 14 times the bar diameter, or 1/12th of the clear span, whichever is greater. This requirement ensures that there is sufficient development length to effectively transfer the forces and moments in the member.