Structured Programming Language Part 1

Explanation
Scheme is a programming language that can be identified by its small size, static scoping, and the treatment of functions as first-class entities. Static scoping means that variables are bound to their values based on their position in the program, rather than their position in the execution environment. The treatment of functions as first-class entities means that functions can be assigned to variables, passed as arguments, and returned as values. Scheme is known for its simplicity and elegance, making it a popular choice for educational purposes and functional programming.

Explanation
Machine code is the lowest level programming language that directly corresponds to the instructions executed by a computer's processor. During the early days of computing, there were no high-level programming languages or even assembly languages available. Therefore, programmers had to write instructions in machine code, which was a tedious and error-prone process. Machine code is written in binary format, consisting of 0s and 1s, representing specific instructions that the computer can understand and execute.

Explanation
Miranda is a purely functional programming language, which means that it does not have variables or assignment statements. In purely functional languages, computations are performed by evaluating expressions rather than by changing the values of variables. This allows for a more declarative and concise style of programming, where functions are used to transform data without modifying it. Miranda follows this paradigm and does not include any features for mutable state or variable assignment.

Explanation
Common Lisp is a programming language that is known for its extensive support for various data types and structures. It includes features such as records, arrays, complex numbers, and character strings. This allows programmers to work with a wide range of data and manipulate it in different ways. Common Lisp's rich set of data types and structures make it a versatile language for solving complex problems and developing robust applications.

Explanation
ALGOL 60 is of central importance in any historical review of languages because it has had a great influence on subsequent programming languages. This means that many programming languages that came after ALGOL 60 were influenced by its design and concepts. Therefore, studying ALGOL 60 is crucial for understanding the evolution and development of programming languages throughout history.

Explanation
ML is primarily a functional language, but it also supports programming in the imperative paradigms or methodologies. This means that while ML is designed to emphasize functional programming concepts such as immutability and higher-order functions, it also allows for imperative programming techniques like mutable state and loops. This flexibility makes ML a versatile language that can be used for a wide range of programming styles and applications.

Explanation
Autocode is a programming language that is considered low-level and machine-oriented. It is designed to be easy to use and understand, making it suitable for beginners. However, it is not considered a compiled system, meaning that it does not go through the traditional compilation process to convert the code into machine language. Instead, autocode is typically interpreted or translated directly into machine code during runtime. Therefore, it is important to note that autocode should not be considered a compiled system.

Explanation
The given answer, "speedcoding," is an explanation for how the 701 was effectively converted into a virtual three-address floating point calculator. Speedcoding was a programming technique used on early computers, including the IBM 701, to optimize program execution time. It involved using mnemonic codes to represent machine instructions, which made programming easier and faster. By implementing speedcoding on the 701, it was able to perform floating point calculations efficiently, effectively turning it into a virtual calculator.