Structured Programming Languages Part 3

Explanation
John Mc Carthy is the correct answer because he is the person who investigated symbolic computations and developed a set of requirements for doing such computations. The repetition of "Mc Carthy" in the options is likely a typo or error, and does not affect the correctness of the answer.

Explanation
The given answer "Robin Milner, Milner" is correct because Robin Milner was the person who originally designed the metalanguage in the 80's at the University of Edinburg. Milner is also mentioned, possibly as a reference to Robin Milner's last name.

Explanation
Alick E. Glennie, also known as Glennie, developed an Autocode compiler at Fort Halsted, Royal Armaments Research Establishments, in England.

Explanation
Sussman and Steele were the developers of the Scheme language, which emerged from MIT in the mid-1970s. They were instrumental in designing and implementing the language, making significant contributions to its development. Therefore, Sussman and Steele can be considered as the correct answer to the question.

Explanation
Allen Newel, JC Shaw, and Herbert Simon developed List Processing, which was first published in a classic paper that describes one of the first AI programs, the Logical Theorist.

Explanation
John Backus developed the Speedcoding system in 1954. This system was a pioneering effort in the field of computer programming, as it allowed programmers to write code more efficiently and quickly. Backus's contribution to the development of programming languages and systems has had a lasting impact on the field of computer science.

Explanation
Grace Hopper, also known as "Hopper," developed a series of compiling systems. These systems were designed to take pseudocode, which is a simplified form of programming language, and convert it into machine code, which is the language understood by computers. This process of converting pseudocode into machine code is essential for computers to execute the instructions given by programmers. Grace Hopper's work in developing these compiling systems greatly contributed to the advancement of computer programming and made it easier for programmers to write and execute their code.

Explanation
Allan Perlis, one of the designers of ALGOL 60, made the statement that "FORTRAN is the lingua franca of the computing world." This suggests that Perlis believed that FORTRAN, a programming language, was widely used and understood by computer scientists and programmers across different countries and cultures. This statement implies that FORTRAN had become a common language for communication and collaboration in the field of computing.

Explanation
David Turner, also known as Turner, developed Miranda at the University of Kent in Canterbury, England, in the early 1980s.

Explanation
Marvin Minsky is the correct answer because he formed and developed the MIT AI project along with John McCarthy. They received funding for this project from the Research Laboratory for Electronics. Therefore, Marvin Minsky played a significant role in the establishment and advancement of the MIT AI project.

Explanation
John Mauchly is the correct answer for this question. He developed the shortcode for the BINAC computer.

Explanation
Konrad Zuse was a German engineer and inventor who is known for building a series of complex and sophisticated computers from electrochemical relays. His machines, known as the Z machines, were among the earliest examples of programmable computers. Zuse's work laid the foundation for modern computer architecture and his contributions to the field of computing are highly regarded. Therefore, the correct answer is Konrad Zuse or Zuse.