Soft PALATe And Larynx

When food is moved to the posterior part of the tongue, it is necessary to close off the oral and nasal pharynxes to prevent food from entering the nasal cavity. This is important for proper swallowing and to avoid choking or aspiration of food into the lungs. Closing off the oral and nasal pharynxes ensures that food travels down the esophagus and into the stomach, while also allowing for the proper passage of air through the nasal passages.

The soft palate is a muscular structure located at the back of the roof of the mouth. It plays a crucial role in separating the oral pharynx (the throat) from the nasal pharynx (the nasal cavity). When we swallow, the soft palate lifts up to close off the nasal passage, preventing food and liquid from entering the nose. This action ensures that the food and liquid go down the esophagus and into the stomach, rather than up into the nasal cavity. Therefore, the statement that the soft palate separates the oral pharynx from the nasal pharynx is true.

The overlapping of the pharyngeal constrictor muscles refers to how these muscles in the throat layer on top of each other. This overlapping adds thickness and strength to the middle part of the pharyngeal wall. This is important for the proper functioning of the throat and helps in swallowing and preventing food or liquid from entering the airway. Therefore, the statement is true.

During swallowing, the bolus of food does not pass through the larynx. The larynx is responsible for preventing food and liquid from entering the airway and directing it towards the esophagus. The epiglottis, a flap of tissue in the larynx, covers the opening of the trachea to ensure that food goes down the esophagus and not into the lungs.

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The tensor veli palatini muscle is responsible for tensing the anterior portion of the soft palate. This muscle helps to control the movement and position of the soft palate during swallowing and speaking. When the tensor veli palatini contracts, it pulls the soft palate forward and upward, helping to close off the nasal cavity from the oral cavity. This action is important for preventing food and liquids from entering the nasal passages during swallowing.

stylopharyngeus - 9th

shortened

palatopharyngeal

The tensor veli palatini muscle is indeed connected to both the medial pterygoid plate and the auditory tube. The muscle originates from the cartilaginous portion of the auditory tube and the adjacent medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone. It plays a crucial role in the opening and closing of the auditory tube, which helps regulate pressure in the middle ear. Therefore, the statement is true.

The tensor veli palatini muscle is innervated by the 5th cranial nerve, also known as the trigeminal nerve. This muscle is responsible for tensing the soft palate and opening the auditory tube, which helps to equalize pressure between the middle ear and the nasopharynx.

The levator veli palatini muscle is responsible for elevating the soft palate, which helps in opening the auditory tube. If the auditory tube is closed due to edema, the contraction of the levator veli palatini muscle can help to open it and restore normal functioning. The other muscles listed, such as palatoglossus and styloglossus, are not directly involved in opening the auditory tube.

The palatoglossus muscle is responsible for elevating the back of the tongue and depressing the soft palate. This action helps to move the bolus of food upward and backward towards the oral pharynx. The other muscles listed, palatopharyngeus, levator veli palatini, and tensor veli palatini, are not directly involved in this specific movement.

cartilagenous

The stylopharyngeus muscle is responsible for dilating the pharynx. It is a long, slender muscle that originates from the styloid process of the temporal bone and inserts into the pharynx. When it contracts, it helps widen the pharynx, allowing for the passage of food and fluids during swallowing. The palatoglossus muscle helps elevate the back of the tongue, the palatopharyngeus muscle helps close off the nasopharynx during swallowing, and the tensor veli palatini muscle helps tense the soft palate.

The inferior constrictor is the correct answer because it is the only pharyngeal constrictor that takes its origin from the thyroid cartilage. The superior constrictor originates from the pterygoid hamulus and the mandible, while the middle constrictor originates from the hyoid bone. Therefore, the only constrictor that has its origin from the thyroid cartilage is the inferior constrictor.

The correct answer is "all of the above." The pharyngeal constrictor muscles are a group of muscles located in the pharynx. They help in swallowing by contracting and narrowing the pharynx. The superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles all insert into the median raphe, which is a fibrous structure in the midline of the pharynx. Therefore, all three muscles insert into the median raphe, making "all of the above" the correct answer.

The first statement is false because the palatopharyngeal muscle does not originate from the anterolateral part of the soft palate. The second statement is true because the palatopharyngeal muscle does narrow the fauces and elevate the pharynx.

The pharyngeal constrictor muscle plays a role in moving food into the esophagus and compressing in the upper part of the oral pharynx. However, it does not have a role in promoting elevation and dilation of the pharynx.

The palatoglossus muscle is responsible for narrowing the fauces during swallowing. It is located in the oropharynx and connects the soft palate to the tongue. When it contracts, it pulls the soft palate and the posterior part of the tongue upwards, closing off the opening between the oral cavity and the oropharynx. This action helps prevent food and liquids from entering the nasal cavity during swallowing.

The levator veli palatini muscle is responsible for pulling the soft palate into contact with the posterior pharyngeal wall. The uvula is a part of the soft palate but does not have the specific function mentioned in the question. Palatopharyngeus and palatoglossus muscles are also part of the soft palate, but they do not pull it into contact with the posterior pharyngeal wall. Therefore, the correct answer is levator veli palatini.

The stylopharyngeus muscle both elevates and dilates the pharynx. When it contracts, it pulls the pharynx upward, helping in the process of swallowing and speech production. Additionally, it also helps in widening the pharynx, allowing for the passage of food and air. Therefore, options "a" and "b" are both correct as they accurately describe the actions of the stylopharyngeus muscle.

All of the muscles listed in the options, salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus, and stylopharyngeus, are responsible for elevating the pharynx. Therefore, none of these muscles can be considered as the one that does not elevate the pharynx. Hence, the correct answer is "all of the above."

The voluntary control of swallowing ends in the middle third of the esophagus. This means that once food or liquid is swallowed, it is initially under voluntary control until it reaches the middle portion of the esophagus. After this point, the swallowing process becomes involuntary and is controlled by the muscles of the esophagus.