Sociology 1301 Final Exam Review
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Which discipline describes itself as "the sstematic study of society"?
- A.
History
- B.
Psychology
- C.
Sociology
- D.
Economics
Correct Answer
C. SociologyExplanation
Sociology is the discipline that describes itself as "the systematic study of society." It focuses on understanding social behavior, social relationships, and social institutions. Sociology examines various aspects of society, such as culture, social class, race, gender, and social change. It uses scientific methods to gather and analyze data, aiming to provide insights into how societies function and how individuals are influenced by their social environment. Sociology helps us understand the complexities of human interactions and societal structures, making it the correct answer to the question.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Peter Berger described using the sociological perspective as seeing the_______in the_______.
- A.
Specific; commonplace
- B.
New; old
- C.
Good; worst tragedies
- D.
General; particular
Correct Answer
D. General; particularExplanation
Using the sociological perspective, Peter Berger argued that individuals should view the general patterns and structures of society (general) in order to understand the specific behaviors and actions of individuals within society (particular). This perspective allows for a broader understanding of social phenomena by examining the larger social context in which they occur. By focusing on the general and particular aspects of society, individuals can gain a deeper insight into the complexities and dynamics of social life.Rate this question:
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- 3.
___________are characteristics of personality.
- A.
ID
- B.
EGO
- C.
SUPER EGO
- D.
ALL OF THE ABOVE
Correct Answer
D. ALL OF THE ABOVEExplanation
All of the above options (ID, EGO, SUPER EGO) are characteristics of personality. The ID represents the instinctual and impulsive part of personality, the EGO represents the rational and decision-making part, and the SUPER EGO represents the moral and ethical part. Each of these components contributes to shaping an individual's personality and behavior.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Suicide rates are generally higher among:
- A.
Females compared with males
- B.
Single people compared with married people
- C.
Poor people compared with rich people
- D.
All of the above are correct
Correct Answer
B. Single people compared with married peopleExplanation
The correct answer is "single people compared with married people." This is because research has consistently shown that individuals who are unmarried or not in a committed relationship have higher suicide rates compared to those who are married. Being in a stable and supportive relationship can provide emotional and social support, which may act as a protective factor against suicide.Rate this question:
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- 5.
According to Emile Durkheim, a category of people with a higher suicide rates typically has:
- A.
Greater self-esteem
- B.
Less money and other resources
- C.
More clinical depression
- D.
Lower social integration
Correct Answer
D. Lower social integrationExplanation
According to Emile Durkheim, a category of people with a higher suicide rate typically has lower social integration. This means that individuals who are not well integrated into social groups or communities are more likely to experience feelings of isolation, loneliness, and a lack of support. Durkheim believed that social integration plays a crucial role in preventing suicide, as it provides individuals with a sense of belonging, social support, and purpose in life. Therefore, lower social integration is associated with higher suicide rates.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The term "sociology" was coined in 1838 by:
- A.
Auguste Comte
- B.
Adam Smith
- C.
Karl Marx
- D.
Herbert Spencer
Correct Answer
A. Auguste ComteExplanation
Auguste Comte is credited with coining the term "sociology" in 1838. He is considered the founder of sociology and was one of the first thinkers to recognize the need for a scientific study of society. Comte believed that sociology should be based on empirical observations and that it could provide solutions to social problems. His work laid the foundation for the development of sociology as a separate discipline, separate from philosophy and other social sciences.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Comte described the earliest human societies as being within which level of societal development?
- A.
Theological stage
- B.
Scientific stage
- C.
Post-scientific stage
- D.
Metaphysical stage
Correct Answer
A. Theological stageExplanation
Comte described the earliest human societies as being within the theological stage of societal development. In this stage, people attributed natural events and phenomena to supernatural beings or deities. They relied on religious explanations to understand the world around them. This stage is characterized by a lack of scientific understanding and a heavy reliance on faith and religious beliefs.Rate this question:
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- 8.
According to Comte, societies in which stage of development begin to see society as a natural--rather than a suppernatural--phenomenon?
- A.
Theological stage
- B.
Metaphysical stage
- C.
Scientific stage
- D.
Post-scientific stage
Correct Answer
B. Metaphysical stageExplanation
In the metaphysical stage of development, societies begin to view society as a natural phenomenon rather than a supernatural one. This stage is characterized by a shift in thinking from religious and mythical explanations to more abstract and philosophical concepts. It is during this stage that people start to question traditional beliefs and seek rational explanations for social phenomena. Comte believed that this stage was an important stepping stone towards the scientific stage, where society would be understood through empirical observation and experimentation.Rate this question:
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- 9.
_______is way of understanding the world based on science.
- A.
Free will
- B.
Negativity
- C.
Theology
- D.
Postivism
Correct Answer
D. PostivismExplanation
Positivism is a way of understanding the world based on science. It emphasizes the use of empirical evidence and scientific methods to study and explain phenomena. Positivists believe that knowledge should be derived from observable facts and that theories should be based on objective data. This approach rejects subjective interpretations and metaphysical explanations, instead focusing on measurable and verifiable evidence. Positivism has been influential in various fields, including sociology, psychology, and natural sciences.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which theoretical apporoach is closest to that taken by early sociologists Auguste Comte and Emile Durkheim?
- A.
Structural-functional approach
- B.
Symbolic-interaction approach
- C.
Social-conflict approach
- D.
None of the above is correct
Correct Answer
A. Structural-functional approachExplanation
The structural-functional approach is the theoretical approach that is closest to the one taken by early sociologists Auguste Comte and Emile Durkheim. This approach focuses on how different parts of society work together to maintain social order and stability. It emphasizes the functions and purposes of various social institutions and how they contribute to the overall functioning of society. Comte and Durkheim both believed in the importance of social order and the role that social institutions play in maintaining it, making the structural-functional approach the most suitable choice.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The social-conflict approach draws attention to:
- A.
How elements contribute to overall operation of society
- B.
How people construct meaning through interaction
- C.
The stable aspects of society
- D.
Patterns of social inequality
Correct Answer
D. Patterns of social inequalityExplanation
The social-conflict approach focuses on patterns of social inequality. It examines how power, resources, and opportunities are distributed unequally in society, leading to social divisions and conflicts between different groups. This perspective emphasizes the role of social structures and institutions in perpetuating these inequalities and highlights the importance of social change to address them. By studying patterns of social inequality, this approach aims to understand and challenge the systemic factors that contribute to social divisions and injustices.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which of the following people had an important influence on development of the social-conflict?
- A.
Herbert Spencer
- B.
Talcott Parsons
- C.
Karl Marx
- D.
Emille Durkheim
Correct Answer
C. Karl MarxExplanation
Karl Marx had an important influence on the development of social conflict. Marx was a philosopher, economist, and sociologist who is best known for his theories on capitalism and class struggle. He argued that society is divided into two main classes, the bourgeoisie (capitalist class) and the proletariat (working class), and that conflict between these classes is the driving force behind social change. Marx's ideas laid the foundation for the development of the social-conflict perspective in sociology, which focuses on how power and inequality shape society.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which research method asks subjects to respond to a series of items in a questionnaire or an interview?
- A.
Participant observation
- B.
Survey
- C.
Secondary research
- D.
Experiment
Correct Answer
B. SurveyExplanation
The research method that asks subjects to respond to a series of items in a questionnaire or an interview is called a survey. Surveys are commonly used in social science research to gather data from a large number of participants. This method allows researchers to collect information on various topics or behaviors by asking specific questions and recording the responses. Surveys can be conducted through different mediums such as paper-based questionnaires, online forms, or face-to-face interviews.Rate this question:
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- 14.
W.E.B. Du Bois' Africana theory was pert of the social-conflict approach.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
W.E.B. Du Bois' Africana theory aligns with the social-conflict approach. This approach focuses on the unequal distribution of power and resources in society, particularly along racial, ethnic, and social class lines. Du Bois' theory, which emphasized the experiences and struggles of African Americans and advocated for social and political equality, clearly fits within this framework.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Durkheim documented that catergories of people with weaker social ties have lower suicide rates
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Durkheim documented that categories of people with stronger social ties have lower suicide rates. This is because individuals with stronger social bonds tend to have a greater sense of belonging, support, and connection, which can act as a protective factor against suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Durkheim's research highlighted the importance of social integration and community in reducing the risk of suicide.Rate this question:
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- 16.
What is the term for the beliefs, vaules, behavior, and material objects that, together, constitutes a people's way of life?
- A.
Culture
- B.
Social system
- C.
Society
- D.
Social structure
Correct Answer
A. CultureExplanation
Culture refers to the beliefs, values, behavior, and material objects that define and shape a particular group of people's way of life. It encompasses the shared knowledge, customs, traditions, language, arts, and social institutions that are passed down from generation to generation. Culture influences individuals' thoughts, actions, and interactions within a society, and it plays a crucial role in shaping their identities and shaping the overall functioning of a community.Rate this question:
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- 17.
The unpleasant and even frightening exprience of encountering a strange way of life is called:
- A.
Value conflict
- B.
Cultural diffusion
- C.
Acculturation
- D.
Culture shock
Correct Answer
D. Culture shockExplanation
Culture shock refers to the unpleasant and even frightening experience of encountering a strange way of life. When individuals are exposed to a different culture, they may feel disoriented, anxious, and overwhelmed due to the unfamiliar customs, beliefs, and behaviors. This can lead to a sense of isolation and frustration as they struggle to adapt to the new cultural environment. Culture shock is a common phenomenon that occurs when people move or travel to a foreign country or interact with a culture that is significantly different from their own.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Cultural transmission refers to process of:
- A.
Passing cultural patterns from one generation to another
- B.
Learning culture
- C.
Using writing to record cultural patterns
- D.
Using the oral tradition
Correct Answer
A. Passing cultural patterns from one generation to anotherExplanation
Cultural transmission refers to the process of passing cultural patterns from one generation to another. This means that cultural beliefs, values, customs, and traditions are transferred from older individuals to younger individuals within a society. It involves the sharing of knowledge, experiences, and practices that are essential for the preservation and continuation of a particular culture. Through cultural transmission, individuals acquire the necessary skills and understanding to participate and contribute to their cultural heritage, ensuring its survival and evolution over time.Rate this question:
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- 19.
The language spoken by poeple in more nations of world than any other is:
- A.
Spanish
- B.
Hindi
- C.
Chinese
- D.
English
Correct Answer
D. EnglishExplanation
English is the correct answer because it is spoken in more countries around the world than any other language. English is not only the official language of many countries, but it is also widely spoken as a second language in many nations. It is the language of international communication, business, and education, making it the most widely spoken language globally.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Until about 10,000 years ago, most poeple in world lived in______societies.
- A.
Horticultural and pastoral
- B.
Agrarian
- C.
Industrial
- D.
Hunting and gathering
Correct Answer
D. Hunting and gatheringExplanation
Until about 10,000 years ago, most people in the world lived in hunting and gathering societies. This means that they relied on hunting animals and gathering wild plants for their survival. These societies were characterized by small groups of people who moved frequently in search of food and resources. They had a nomadic lifestyle and did not engage in agriculture or have permanent settlements. This way of life was common during the Paleolithic era and gradually transitioned to more settled agrarian societies with the advent of agriculture.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Are discussed in class, which of the following statements is true?
- A.
Technology is equally distributed throughout a society's population
- B.
Nations with more advanced technology are generally superior to nations with less advanced
- C.
Advanced technology improves life in some ways, but also threatens it in others ways
- D.
All of the above are correct
Correct Answer
C. Advanced technology improves life in some ways, but also threatens it in others waysExplanation
Advanced technology improves life in some ways, but also threatens it in other ways. This statement acknowledges that while advanced technology can bring about positive changes and advancements in various aspects of life, it also poses risks and challenges. It recognizes that technology can have both beneficial and detrimental effects, highlighting the need for careful consideration and responsible use of technology to ensure its positive impact outweighs the negative consequences.Rate this question:
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- 22.
The spread of technomedia means that culture is now less likely to be:
- A.
Based on made-up heroes.
- B.
Viewed on a screen.
- C.
Passed down from one generation to the next.
- D.
All of the above are correct.
Correct Answer
C. Passed down from one generation to the next.Explanation
The spread of technomedia, which refers to the widespread use of technology and media, has led to a shift in the way culture is transmitted. In the past, culture was often passed down from one generation to the next through oral traditions, storytelling, and other forms of direct communication. However, with the advent of technomedia, cultural information is now easily accessible through screens and digital platforms. This has resulted in a decrease in the traditional method of passing down culture from one generation to another.Rate this question:
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- 23.
The term "subculture" refers to:
- A.
Popular culture.
- B.
Culture of the past.
- C.
Cultural patterns that set apart a segment of a society's population.
- D.
High culture.
Correct Answer
C. Cultural patterns that set apart a segment of a society's population.Explanation
The term "subculture" refers to cultural patterns that set apart a segment of a society's population. This means that within a larger society, there are smaller groups or communities that have their own distinct beliefs, values, norms, and practices that differentiate them from the mainstream culture. These subcultures can be based on various factors such as age, ethnicity, occupation, or interests, and they often develop as a way for individuals to identify with a particular group and express their unique identities and lifestyles.Rate this question:
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- 24.
If you were to attend a New York Ballet performance, you would be experiencing:
- A.
Popular culture
- B.
Virtual culture
- C.
High cultural
- D.
Cultural transmission
Correct Answer
C. High culturalExplanation
Attending a New York Ballet performance would be considered a high cultural experience. High culture refers to activities, events, or art forms that are associated with intellectual and artistic pursuits, often enjoyed by a more educated or elite audience. The New York Ballet is known for its refined and sophisticated performances, showcasing the highest level of skill and artistry. It is distinct from popular culture, which encompasses more mainstream and accessible forms of entertainment, and virtual culture, which refers to online or digital cultural experiences. Cultural transmission refers to the passing down of cultural knowledge and practices from one generation to another, which may occur within high cultural contexts like the New York Ballet.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Cultural patterns that are widespread among a society's population are referred to as:
- A.
Established culture
- B.
High culture
- C.
Popular culture
- D.
Virtual culture
Correct Answer
C. Popular cultureExplanation
Popular culture refers to cultural patterns that are widely embraced and practiced by a society's population. It encompasses the everyday activities, beliefs, and values that are commonly shared and followed by a large number of people. This can include trends in fashion, music, entertainment, and other aspects of popular media. Popular culture is often influenced by mass media and is constantly evolving and changing. It is distinct from high culture, which refers to more exclusive and elite forms of cultural expression, and established culture, which may refer to long-standing traditions and practices within a society. Virtual culture, on the other hand, typically refers to cultural patterns and practices that occur within online or virtual communities.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Multiculturalism is defined as:
- A.
The idea that the United States should have only one dominant culture.
- B.
Efforts to establish English as the official language of the United States.
- C.
Efforts to encourage immigration to the United States.
- D.
An educational program recognizing the cultural diversity of the United States and promoting equality of all cultural traditions.
Correct Answer
D. An educational program recognizing the cultural diversity of the United States and promoting equality of all cultural traditions.Explanation
This answer is correct because it accurately defines multiculturalism as an educational program that acknowledges the cultural diversity in the United States and promotes equality among all cultural traditions. It emphasizes the importance of recognizing and respecting different cultures, rather than advocating for one dominant culture or promoting efforts to establish English as the official language.Rate this question:
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- 27.
The most widely spoken language in the United States, other than English, is:
- A.
Spanish
- B.
Italian
- C.
German
- D.
French
Correct Answer
A. SpanishExplanation
Spanish is the most widely spoken language in the United States, other than English. This is because of the large population of Spanish-speaking immigrants from Latin American countries, as well as the proximity of the United States to Spanish-speaking countries such as Mexico. Spanish is also widely taught in schools across the country, further contributing to its popularity and prevalence.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Counterculture refers to:
- A.
High culture
- B.
Popular culture
- C.
People who were born in another country
- D.
Cultural patterns that oppose those that are widely held
Correct Answer
D. Cultural patterns that oppose those that are widely heldExplanation
Counterculture refers to cultural patterns that oppose those that are widely held. It represents a subculture or a group of people who reject or challenge the dominant cultural norms, values, and beliefs. Countercultural movements often emerge as a response to social, political, or cultural issues, aiming to bring about social change and challenge the status quo. These movements can encompass various aspects of society, such as music, fashion, lifestyle, and political ideologies, and they often seek to create alternative ways of living and thinking that are different from mainstream culture.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Ethnocentrism refers to:
- A.
Taking pride in one's ethnicity.
- B.
Judging another culture as better than one's own.
- C.
Judging another culture by its own standards.
- D.
Judging another culture by the standards of one's own culture.
Correct Answer
D. Judging another culture by the standards of one's own culture.Explanation
Ethnocentrism refers to judging another culture by the standards of one's own culture. This means that individuals evaluate and interpret other cultures based on their own cultural values, beliefs, and practices. Ethnocentrism often leads to a biased and limited perspective, as it fails to recognize the diversity and complexity of different cultures. It can result in misunderstandings, stereotypes, and a lack of appreciation for cultural differences.Rate this question:
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- 30.
The practice of persons from one culture judging any other culture by its own standards is called:
- A.
Cultural relativism
- B.
Cultural integration
- C.
Ethnocentrism
- D.
Cultural diffusion
Correct Answer
A. Cultural relativismExplanation
Cultural relativism refers to the practice of individuals from one culture judging another culture based on their own cultural standards. It involves understanding and appreciating different cultures without imposing one's own beliefs or values. This concept recognizes that each culture has its own unique norms, values, and practices, and that they should be understood within their own cultural context rather than being judged by external standards.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Afrocentrism refers to the dominnce of European cultural patterns.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement is incorrect. Afrocentrism actually refers to the dominance of African cultural patterns, not European cultural patterns. It is a perspective that emphasizes the contributions and achievements of African civilizations and promotes the idea of African cultural superiority.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Cultural relativism means evaluating another culture according to the standards of your own
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Cultural relativism means understanding and evaluating another culture based on its own standards and values, rather than imposing one's own cultural beliefs and norms. It emphasizes the importance of respecting and appreciating cultural diversity. Therefore, the given statement is incorrect as it incorrectly defines cultural relativism.Rate this question:
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- 33.
What is term for person's fairly consistent patttern of acting, thinking, and feeling?
- A.
Socialization
- B.
Behavior
- C.
Human nature
- D.
Personality
Correct Answer
D. PersonalityExplanation
Personality refers to a person's fairly consistent pattern of acting, thinking, and feeling. It encompasses the unique set of characteristics, traits, and behaviors that distinguish individuals from one another. Personality is influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, and social factors, and it plays a significant role in shaping an individual's thoughts, emotions, and behaviors across different situations and contexts.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Which of following statements linking nature and nurture is correct?
- A.
Nature is far more important than nature.
- B.
Nature via nurture
- C.
Humans have powerful instincts the same way other animals do.
- D.
None of the above is correct
Correct Answer
B. Nature via nurtureExplanation
The correct answer is "Nature via nurture." This statement suggests that both nature (genetics) and nurture (environmental factors) play a role in shaping an individual's traits and characteristics. It implies that while genetics provide the foundation, environmental influences and experiences also contribute significantly to human development and behavior.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Our basic drives or needs as humans are reflected in Freud's concept of:
- A.
Generalized other.
- B.
Superego.
- C.
Ego.
- D.
Id.
Correct Answer
D. Id.Explanation
Freud's concept of the id refers to our primitive and instinctual drives or needs as humans. It operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification without any consideration for social norms or consequences. The id is driven by our unconscious desires and seeks to satisfy our basic needs such as hunger, thirst, and sexual urges. It is the most fundamental and impulsive part of our personality.Rate this question:
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- 36.
In Freud's model of personality, what represents the presence of culture within the individual?
- A.
ID
- B.
SUPEREGO
- C.
EGO
- D.
EROS
Correct Answer
B. SUPEREGOExplanation
The superego in Freud's model of personality represents the presence of culture within the individual. It is the moral component of the personality that incorporates societal norms and values, as well as the individual's internalized sense of right and wrong. The superego acts as a conscience and strives for perfection by imposing guilt and shame when the individual's behavior deviates from societal expectations. It is influenced by cultural and societal factors, shaping the individual's thoughts, beliefs, and behaviors.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Jean Piaget's focus was on:
- A.
How children are stimulated by their environment.
- B.
Cognition: how people think and understand.
- C.
The role of heredity in shaping human behavior.
- D.
How children develop their motor skills.
Correct Answer
B. Cognition: how people think and understand.Explanation
Jean Piaget's focus was on cognition: how people think and understand. Piaget was a Swiss psychologist who is best known for his theory of cognitive development in children. He believed that children actively construct their understanding of the world through their interactions with it. He proposed that children progress through four stages of cognitive development, from sensorimotor to formal operational, and that their thinking becomes more complex and abstract as they grow. Piaget's research and theories have had a significant impact on the field of developmental psychology and our understanding of how individuals acquire knowledge and understanding.Rate this question:
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- 38.
According to Piaget, in what stage of human development do individuals eperience the world only through sensory contact?
- A.
Sensorimotor stage
- B.
Preoperational stage
- C.
Formal operational stage
- D.
Concrete operational stage
Correct Answer
A. Sensorimotor stageExplanation
According to Piaget, individuals in the sensorimotor stage of human development experience the world only through sensory contact. This stage typically occurs from birth to around 2 years of age, during which infants learn about their environment by using their senses and motor skills. They develop object permanence, the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight. This stage is characterized by the gradual development of intentional actions and the ability to mentally represent objects and events.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Jean Piaget called the level of development do individuals first use language and other cultural symbols the _______stage.
- A.
Preoperational
- B.
Sensorimotor
- C.
Formal operational
- D.
Concrete operational
Correct Answer
A. PreoperationalExplanation
Jean Piaget called the level of development where individuals first use language and other cultural symbols the preoperational stage. This stage occurs between the ages of 2 and 7, during which children begin to develop symbolic thinking and language skills. They are able to use words and symbols to represent objects and events, but their thinking is still egocentric and lacks logical reasoning. This stage is characterized by imaginative play, symbolic thinking, and the ability to understand and use symbols.Rate this question:
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- 40.
George Herbert Mead considered the self to be:
- A.
The presence of culture within the individual.
- B.
Present in infants at the time of their birth.
- C.
The part of an individual's personality composed of self-awareness and self-image.
- D.
The presence of culture within the individual.
Correct Answer
C. The part of an individual's personality composed of self-awareness and self-image.Explanation
George Herbert Mead believed that the self is composed of self-awareness and self-image, which means it is the part of an individual's personality that involves how they perceive themselves and how they think others perceive them. Mead argued that the self develops through social interactions and is influenced by the individual's understanding of the attitudes and expectations of others. This perspective suggests that the self is not present at birth but rather emerges and evolves over time as a result of socialization and cultural influences.Rate this question:
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- 41.
By "taking the role of other," or the "ME" part of self, Mead had in mind:
- A.
A trading self-centeredness for a focus on helping other people.
- B.
Recognizing that people have different views of most situations.
- C.
Imagining a situation in terms of past experience.
- D.
Imagining a situation from another person's point of view.
Correct Answer
D. Imagining a situation from another person's point of view.Explanation
Mead's concept of "taking the role of other" refers to the ability to imagine a situation from another person's point of view. This means putting oneself in someone else's shoes and understanding their thoughts, feelings, and perspectives. By doing so, individuals can gain a deeper understanding of others and develop empathy and social awareness. It involves stepping outside of one's own self-centeredness and considering the perspectives and experiences of others. This concept is essential for effective communication, social interaction, and building relationships with others.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Family is important to the socialization process because:
- A.
Parents greatly affect a child's self-concept.
- B.
Families give children social identity in terms of class, ethnicity, and religion.
- C.
Family members are often what Mead called "significant others"
- D.
All of the above are correct
Correct Answer
D. All of the above are correctExplanation
Family is important to the socialization process because parents greatly affect a child's self-concept. They play a crucial role in shaping a child's beliefs, values, and behaviors, which contribute to their self-perception and understanding of their place in the world. Additionally, families give children social identity in terms of class, ethnicity, and religion. These aspects of social identity are often learned and reinforced within the family unit. Lastly, family members are often what Mead called "significant others," meaning they are the primary individuals who have a direct and significant influence on a person's socialization. Therefore, all of the above statements are correct in highlighting the importance of family in the socialization process.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Patterns of socialization vary by class; in child-rearing, lower-class parents stress_________, while well-to-do parents stress___________.
- A.
Creativity; obedience
- B.
Independence; protecting children
- C.
Obedience; socializing at that level
- D.
Independence; dependence
Correct Answer
C. Obedience; socializing at that levelExplanation
Lower-class parents tend to stress obedience in child-rearing, while well-to-do parents emphasize socializing their children at their own class level. This means that lower-class parents prioritize teaching their children to follow rules and authority, while upper-class parents focus on teaching their children how to navigate and fit into their social class.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Ageism refers to:
- A.
The fact that young people know little of the experiences of growing old.
- B.
The rising share of elderly people in U.S. society.
- C.
Prejudice and discrimination against the elderly.
- D.
All of the above are correct.
Correct Answer
C. Prejudice and discrimination against the elderly.Explanation
The correct answer is prejudice and discrimination against the elderly. Ageism refers to the negative attitudes, stereotypes, and discrimination towards individuals based on their age, particularly targeting older people. It involves treating older adults differently and unfairly, denying them opportunities, and devaluing their contributions to society. Ageism can manifest in various forms, such as age-based jokes, exclusion from employment or healthcare opportunities, and marginalization in social settings.Rate this question:
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- 45.
_________refers to efforts to radically change someone's personality through carefully controlling the environment.
- A.
Degradation
- B.
Total Socialization
- C.
Anticipatory socialization
- D.
Resocialization
Correct Answer
D. ResocializationExplanation
Resocialization refers to efforts to radically change someone's personality through carefully controlling the environment. This process involves breaking down an individual's existing beliefs, values, and behaviors, and replacing them with new ones that are deemed more desirable or appropriate. Resocialization typically occurs in institutional settings such as prisons, military boot camps, or rehabilitation centers, where individuals are subjected to intense socialization techniques in order to reshape their personality and conform to societal norms and expectations.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Socialization takes place entirely in childhood.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Socialization does not solely occur in childhood. While childhood is a critical period for socialization, it continues throughout our lives. Socialization is a lifelong process that involves learning and acquiring social norms, values, and behaviors from various social interactions and experiences. It occurs within families, schools, workplaces, communities, and through media and technology. Therefore, it is incorrect to state that socialization takes place entirely in childhood.Rate this question:
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- 47.
According to Jean Piaget, language and other symbols are first used in the preoperational stage.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development suggests that language and other symbols are first used in the preoperational stage. This stage occurs between the ages of 2 and 7, and during this time, children begin to use words, gestures, and other symbols to represent objects and ideas. They also engage in pretend play and use symbols to represent different roles and scenarios. This stage is characterized by the development of symbolic thinking, which allows children to use language and other symbols to represent their thoughts and experiences. Therefore, the statement "According to Jean Piaget, language and other symbols are first used in the preoperational stage" is true.Rate this question:
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- 48.
A peer group is a social group whose members share common interests, social position, and a similar age.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
A peer group is a social group that consists of individuals who have similar interests, social status, and are around the same age. These groups are formed based on commonalities and provide a sense of belonging and support for their members. Peer groups play a significant role in shaping individuals' behavior, attitudes, and values as they provide opportunities for social interaction, learning, and identity development. Therefore, the statement "A peer group is a social group whose members share common interests, social position, and a similar age" is true.Rate this question:
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- 49.
By saying that the sociological perspective shows us "the strange in the familiar," the text argues that sociologists:
- A.
Believe that people often behave in strange ways.
- B.
Believe that even people who are most familiar to us have some very strange habits.
- C.
Focus on bizarre elements of society.
- D.
Systematically and scientifically, we find that many of our preconceived notions are totally inaccurate and that much of what passes for common sense is nothing more than common nonsense.
Correct Answer
D. Systematically and scientifically, we find that many of our preconceived notions are totally inaccurate and that much of what passes for common sense is nothing more than common nonsense.Explanation
The sociological perspective shows us "the strange in the familiar" by emphasizing the need to examine society and human behavior objectively and critically. Through systematic and scientific analysis, sociologists aim to challenge and debunk our preconceived notions and common sense beliefs about society. They believe that many of our assumptions are inaccurate and that what may seem familiar and normal to us is often based on flawed understanding and societal constructs. By exploring the hidden and unconventional aspects of society, sociologists aim to uncover the underlying social forces and structures that shape human behavior.Rate this question:
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- 50.
When people model themselves after the members of peer groups they would like to join, they are engaging in:
- A.
Group rejection
- B.
Group conformity
- C.
Future directedness
- D.
Anticipatory socialization
Correct Answer
D. Anticipatory socializationExplanation
Anticipatory socialization refers to the process of individuals adopting the behaviors, attitudes, and values of a group they aspire to join in the future. When people model themselves after the members of peer groups they would like to join, they are engaging in anticipatory socialization. This behavior allows individuals to prepare themselves for the anticipated roles and expectations of the desired group, increasing their chances of acceptance and integration.Rate this question:
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Aug 09, 2012Quiz Created by
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