Socials Chapter 2 Middle Ages-pathways Text Book

Feudalism was established by William, specifically William the Conqueror. He introduced the feudal system to England after successfully conquering the country in 1066. Under feudalism, the king granted land to his loyal nobles, who in turn provided military service and other forms of support to the king. This system created a hierarchical society with the king at the top, followed by the nobles, knights, and peasants. William's establishment of feudalism in England had a lasting impact on the country's social and economic structure.

Normandy is the correct answer because it is an area in France that was inhabited by the Normans, who were descendants of Vikings. The Normans settled in this region and established their own culture and identity. Normandy played a significant role in history, particularly during the Norman Conquest of England in 1066. The Normans had a profound impact on European history and their legacy can still be seen in the region today.

The feudal contract was an agreement between a lord and his vassal. In this contract, the lord granted land or fief to the vassal in exchange for loyalty, military service, and other obligations. The vassal would provide military support and other services to the lord, while the lord would protect and provide for the vassal. This relationship formed the basis of feudalism, a social and economic system that dominated medieval Europe.

In the context of the Catholic Church, the term "vassal" refers to a person who is subordinate to someone of higher authority. In this case, the pope is considered the highest authority in the Church, and the archbishop is a high-ranking clergy member who is directly under the authority of the pope. Therefore, the archbishop can be seen as a vassal of the pope, as they are under the pope's jurisdiction and must follow his directives.

After the Battle of Hastings, William took land from the English earls and gave it to the defeated English earls. This redistribution of land was a way for William to reward his loyal supporters and consolidate his power over the newly conquered territory. By taking land from the English earls, who were seen as a threat to his rule, and giving it to the defeated English earls, William aimed to weaken the opposition and ensure the loyalty of the nobles who had previously opposed him.

Marco Polo was a trader who played a significant role in opening trade routes to the East. He is known for his extensive travels and exploration of China, where he stayed for a remarkable 17 years. His experiences and writings about his adventures greatly influenced European knowledge and interest in the East, contributing to the Age of Discovery.

In the Feudal Contract, land was given in exchange for loyalty. This means that in the feudal system, the lord would grant land to a vassal, who would then pledge their loyalty and service to the lord. The vassal would provide military support, financial aid, and other forms of assistance to the lord in return for the land they were granted. This arrangement formed the basis of the feudal system, where land ownership and loyalty were closely intertwined.

Propaganda refers to the deliberate spread of opinions or beliefs, often by distorting the truth. It is a method used to manipulate or influence people's thoughts and actions by presenting information in a biased or misleading manner. Through propaganda, individuals or groups aim to shape public opinion and promote their own agenda, often by appealing to emotions or using persuasive techniques.

A lord is someone who possesses a big house, indicating their wealth and status. They also have power over serfs, which means they have control and authority over the peasants who work on their land. Additionally, lords own falcons, horses, and expensive furniture, highlighting their luxurious lifestyle and the resources they have at their disposal.

The pope holds the power to exert influence and control over kings and rulers, making decisions that can impact their governance and policies. Additionally, the pope is the recognized leader of the Catholic Church, responsible for guiding and overseeing its teachings, doctrines, and practices. This position grants the pope significant authority and influence within the Catholic community worldwide.

Fealty, faith, fief

Pope Urban II began the Crusades with the aim of reclaiming the holy land. The Crusades were a series of military campaigns launched by the Catholic Church in the 11th century, with the goal of capturing Jerusalem and other important sites from Muslim control. Pope Urban II called for the Crusades in 1095, urging Christians to take up arms and defend their faith. The Crusades were motivated by a combination of religious fervor, political ambition, and the desire to secure access to important trade routes.

Ordeal is a dreadful experience.