Soal Kimia Kelas X Semester 2 Bahasan : Larutan Elektrolit, Reaksi Oksidasi( Redoks ), Senyawa Hidrokarbon, Minyak Bumi
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Larutan yang dapat menghantarkan arus listrik disebut ....
- A.
Larutan Elektrolit
- B.
Larutan Non Elektrolit
- C.
Urea
- D.
Isolator
- E.
Konduktor
Correct Answer
A. Larutan ElektrolitExplanation
Larutan yang dapat menghantarkan arus listrik disebut larutan elektrolit. Larutan elektrolit terdiri dari partikel-partikel bermuatan seperti ion-ion positif dan negatif yang dapat bergerak bebas dalam larutan dan menyebabkan larutan tersebut dapat menghantarkan arus listrik.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Perhatikan bahan – bahan berikut :1. Gula2. Garam3. Cuka4. Urea5. Pemutih.Bahan yang larutannya dapat menghantarkan listrik ....
- A.
1,2 dan 3
- B.
1, 3 dan 5
- C.
2,3 dan 5
- D.
1, 4 dan 5
- E.
2, 3 dan 4
Correct Answer
C. 2,3 dan 5Explanation
Bahan-bahan yang dapat menghantarkan listrik adalah bahan-bahan yang larut dalam air dan terionisasi menjadi ion-ion yang dapat bergerak bebas. Gula, garam, dan cuka semuanya larut dalam air dan terionisasi menjadi ion-ion yang dapat menghantarkan listrik. Pemutih (bahan pemutih seperti pemutih pakaian) tidak larut dalam air dan tidak terionisasi, sehingga tidak dapat menghantarkan listrik. Urea juga tidak larut dalam air dan tidak terionisasi, sehingga juga tidak dapat menghantarkan listrik. Oleh karena itu, bahan-bahan yang dapat menghantarkan listrik adalah 1, 3, dan 5.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Senyawa berikut yang termasuk non-elektrolit ....
- A.
Natrium hidroksida
- B.
Sukrosa
- C.
Asam klorida
- D.
Kalium nitrat
- E.
Kalsium hidroksida
Correct Answer
B. SukrosaExplanation
Sukrosa is a non-electrolyte because it does not dissociate into ions when dissolved in water. It is a covalent compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms bonded together. In contrast, the other compounds listed - sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, potassium nitrate, and calcium hydroxide - are all electrolytes because they dissociate into ions when dissolved in water and are capable of conducting electricity.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Berikut ini hasil percobaan daya hantar listrik dari beberapa larutan :LarutanLampuPengamatan LainINyala redupBanyak gelembungIINyala terangBanyak gelembungIIITidak menyalaTidak ada gelembungIVTidak menyalaSedikit gelembungDari data diatas, pasangan yang digolongkan elektrolit kuat dan elektrolit lemah berturut – turut adalah .....
- A.
I dan II
- B.
I dan III
- C.
I dan IV
- D.
II dan III
- E.
II dan IV
Correct Answer
E. II dan IVExplanation
Based on the given data, we can conclude that solution II shows characteristics of a strong electrolyte because it conducts electricity well (lampu nyala terang) and produces a lot of bubbles. On the other hand, solution IV shows characteristics of a weak electrolyte because it does not conduct electricity (lampu tidak menyala) and only produces a few bubbles. Therefore, the correct answer is II dan IV.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Larutan H2SO4 didalam air akan terionisasi dengan reaksi ......
- A.
H2SO4 (aq) - H2+ ( aq) + 4SO42- (aq)
- B.
H2SO4 (aq) - 2H+ ( aq) + 4SO42- (aq)
- C.
H2SO4 (aq) - H2+ ( aq) + SO42- (aq)
- D.
H2SO4 (aq) - 2H+ ( aq) + SO42- (aq)
- E.
H2SO4 (aq) - H2+ ( aq) + SO42- (aq)
Correct Answer
D. H2SO4 (aq) - 2H+ ( aq) + SO42- (aq)Explanation
The correct answer is H2SO4 (aq) - 2H+ (aq) + SO42- (aq). This is because in the given equation, H2SO4 dissociates into two H+ ions and one SO42- ion. This is supported by the fact that H2SO4 is a strong acid, meaning it completely ionizes in water to produce H+ ions. The presence of two H+ ions in the product side indicates that the correct equation is H2SO4 (aq) - 2H+ (aq) + SO42- (aq).Rate this question:
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- 6.
Di antara senyawa berikut, yang di dalam larutannya menghasilkan ion paling banyak adalah ....
- A.
H2SO4
- B.
AlCl3
- C.
Na2SO4
- D.
CH3COOH
- E.
NH4Cl
Correct Answer
B. AlCl3Explanation
AlCl3 is the correct answer because when it is dissolved in water, it completely dissociates into Al3+ and Cl- ions. This means that for every AlCl3 molecule that dissolves, three ions are formed. In comparison, H2SO4 only forms two ions (H+ and SO4 2-), Na2SO4 forms three ions (2Na+ and SO4 2-), CH3COOH only partially dissociates into H+ and CH3COO- ions, and NH4Cl forms two ions (NH4+ and Cl-). Therefore, AlCl3 produces the highest number of ions in solution.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Diketahui data fisik dua buah senyawa sebagai berikut.SenyawaTitik Leleh ( ËšC)Daya Hantar Listrik LarutanY712Menghantarkan arus listrikZ-35Tidak menghantarkan arus listrikBerdasarkan data tersebut , jenis ikatan yang terdapat dalam senyawa Y dan Z berturut – turut adalah ....
- A.
Ion dan ion
- B.
Ion dan kovalen polar
- C.
Ion dan kovalen nonpolar
- D.
Kovalen polar dan kovalen polar
- E.
Kovalen polar dan kovalen nonpolar
Correct Answer
C. Ion dan kovalen nonpolarExplanation
Based on the given data, compound Y is able to conduct electricity and compound Z is not able to conduct electricity. This suggests that compound Y contains ions, which are able to carry electric charge, while compound Z does not contain ions and therefore cannot conduct electricity. Additionally, the fact that compound Y has a high melting point suggests that it has strong ionic bonds, while compound Z has a low melting point, indicating weaker intermolecular forces typically found in covalent compounds. Therefore, the correct answer is "Ion dan kovalen nonpolar."Rate this question:
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- 8.
Biji besi (hematit ) dapat direduksi menggunakan gas karbon monoksida menurut persamaan reaksi berikut.Fe2O3 (s) + 3CO(g) ---> 2Fe(s) + 3CO2(g)Fe2O3 pada reaksi tersebut mengalami .....
- A.
Kenaikan bilangan oksidasi dari 0 menjadi +2
- B.
Kenaikan bilangan oksidasi dari 0 menjadi +3
- C.
Penurunan bilangan oksidasi dari +2 menjadi 0
- D.
Penurunan bilangan oksidasi dari +3 menjadi 0
- E.
Penurunan bilangan oksidasi dari +3 menjadi +2
Correct Answer
D. Penurunan bilangan oksidasi dari +3 menjadi 0Explanation
The correct answer is "Penurunan bilangan oksidasi dari +3 menjadi 0". This is because in the given reaction, Fe2O3 (hematite) is being reduced to Fe (iron) by CO (carbon monoxide) gas. In the reaction, the Fe in Fe2O3 is initially in the +3 oxidation state, but it is reduced to the 0 oxidation state in Fe. This reduction is indicated by the change in the oxidation number from +3 to 0.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Reaksi autoredoks terdapat dalam reaksi .....
- A.
Zn + 2HCL -----> ZnCl2 + H2
- B.
2K + 2H2O -----> 2KOH + H2
- C.
I2 + 2Na2S2O3 -----> 2NaI + Na2S4O6
- D.
Zn + 2AgNO3 -----> Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag
- E.
Cl2 + 2NaOH ------> NaCl + NaClO + H2O
Correct Answer
E. Cl2 + 2NaOH ------> NaCl + NaClO + H2OExplanation
The given reaction, Cl2 + 2NaOH → NaCl + NaClO + H2O, is an example of a redox reaction. In this reaction, chlorine (Cl2) is reduced to chloride ions (Cl-) while sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is oxidized to form sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO). Reduction involves the gain of electrons, which is happening to chlorine, and oxidation involves the loss of electrons, which is happening to sodium hydroxide. Therefore, this reaction demonstrates a redox (oxidation-reduction) reaction.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Kromium (III) oksida dapat direduksi oleh aluminium menurut persamaan berikut.Cr2O3 (s) + 2Al(s) -----> Al2O3 (s) + 2Cr(s)Perubahan bilangan oksidasi Cr pada reduksi kromium (III) oksida adalah ....
- A.
0 menjadi +2
- B.
0 menjadi +3
- C.
+2menjadi 0
- D.
+3 menjadi 0
- E.
+3 menjadi +2
Correct Answer
D. +3 menjadi 0Explanation
The correct answer is +3 menjadi 0. In the given equation, Cr2O3 is being reduced by aluminium (Al). This means that the oxidation number of chromium (Cr) is decreasing from +3 to 0.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Bilangan oksidasi atom N = -3 terdapat pada senyawa .....
- A.
NH3
- B.
HNO3
- C.
N2O4
- D.
N2H4
- E.
HNO2
Correct Answer
A. NH3Explanation
The correct answer is NH3 because in NH3, the nitrogen atom has a oxidation state of -3. In NH3, there are three hydrogen atoms bonded to a single nitrogen atom. Since hydrogen has an oxidation state of +1, the nitrogen atom must have an oxidation state of -3 to balance out the charges.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Gas klorin (Cl2) yang ditambahkan kedalam pengolahan air minum dan kolam renang bertujuan untuk membunuh bakteri. Reaksi pembentukan gas klorin sebagai berikut.2NaCl + 2H2O ----> H2 + Cl2 + 2NaOHZat yang berperan sebagai reduktor adalah ....
- A.
Cl2
- B.
H2
- C.
H2O
- D.
NaOH
- E.
NaCl
Correct Answer
E. NaClExplanation
In the given reaction, NaCl is being oxidized to form Cl2 gas. Since the reducing agent is the substance that gets oxidized, NaCl is the correct answer as it is the substance that undergoes oxidation in the reaction.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Pirolusit adalah nama lain dari mangan (IV) oksida dengan rumus kimia ....
- A.
MnO
- B.
MnO2
- C.
Mn2O
- D.
Mn2O3
- E.
MnO4
Correct Answer
B. MnO2Explanation
Pirolusit adalah nama lain dari mangan (IV) oksida dengan rumus kimia MnO2.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Nama senyawa FeSO4 adalah .....
- A.
Fero sulfida
- B.
Besi (II) sulfida
- C.
Besi (II) sulfat
- D.
Besi (III ) sulfat
- E.
Besi (III) sulfida
Correct Answer
C. Besi (II) sulfatExplanation
The correct answer is Besi (II) sulfat. This is because the compound FeSO4 is commonly known as iron(II) sulfate. The prefix "fero" does not exist in chemical nomenclature, and sulfida refers to a compound containing sulfur and a metal, not sulfur and iron specifically. Additionally, the Roman numeral II indicates that the iron ion in FeSO4 has a +2 charge, while the Roman numeral III would indicate a +3 charge, which is incorrect for this compound. Therefore, the correct name for FeSO4 is Besi (II) sulfat.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Ilmuwan yang berhasil menemukan senyawa organik dari senyawa anorganik adalah .....
- A.
Jons Jacob Berzelius
- B.
Friedrich Wohler
- C.
Michael Faraday
- D.
John Dalton
- E.
Kekule
Correct Answer
B. Friedrich WohlerExplanation
Friedrich Wohler is the correct answer because he was the scientist who successfully discovered the organic compound urea from an inorganic compound, ammonium cyanate. This discovery in 1828 was significant as it challenged the prevailing belief that organic compounds could only be derived from living organisms. Wohler's experiment demonstrated that organic compounds could be synthesized in the laboratory, paving the way for the field of organic chemistry.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Rumus kimia untuk butana adalah ....
- A.
C3H8
- B.
C3H6
- C.
C4H10
- D.
C6H12
- E.
C6H14
Correct Answer
C. C4H10Explanation
The correct answer is C4H10 because it represents the chemical formula for butane. Butane is an alkane with four carbon atoms and ten hydrogen atoms. The formula C4H10 accurately represents the composition of butane, making it the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Nama yang benar untuk senyawa Alkana berikut :CH3 ― CH ― CH ― CH3 │ │ CH3 CH3Adalah ....
- A.
2,3 - dimetil-butana
- B.
2- Metil-Butana
- C.
3-etil-2-metil-pentana
- D.
N – pentana
- E.
N – butana
Correct Answer
A. 2,3 - dimetil-butanaExplanation
The correct name for the given compound is 2,3-dimethylbutane. This is because there are two methyl groups (CH3) attached to the second and third carbon atoms of the butane chain. The longest carbon chain in the compound is butane, which consists of four carbon atoms. Therefore, the correct name is 2,3-dimethylbutane.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Nama senyawa :CH3 ― C CH ― CH3 │ CH2 ― CH3Adalah .....
- A.
2-etil-2- butena
- B.
3-etil-2-butena
- C.
2-vinilbutana
- D.
3-metil-3-pentena
- E.
3-metil-2-pentena
Correct Answer
E. 3-metil-2-pentenaExplanation
The given compound has a methyl group attached to the second carbon atom and an ethyl group attached to the third carbon atom. The longest carbon chain in the compound is pentane. Since the double bond is present between the second and third carbon atoms, the compound is named as 3-methyl-2-pentene.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Jenis reaksi yang terdapat pada persamaan reaksi :CH3―CH2― CH3 + Br2 ----> CH3― CH2―CH2Br + HbrAdalah ....
- A.
Adisi
- B.
Oksidasi
- C.
Eliminasi
- D.
Substitusi
- E.
Esterifikasi
Correct Answer
D. SubstitusiExplanation
The reaction shown in the equation involves the substitution of a bromine atom for a hydrogen atom in the reactant molecule. This type of reaction is known as a substitution reaction.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Suatu senyawa hidrokarbon dengan rumus umum CnH2n mempunyai berat 4,2 kg. Jika senyawa tersebut menempati ruang sebesar 0,672 m3 pada keadaan standar, tentukan rumus dan nama senyawa hidrokarbon tersebut .....
- A.
C8H16
- B.
C9H18
- C.
C10H20
- D.
C7H14
- E.
C6H12
Correct Answer
C. C10H20Explanation
The given hydrocarbon has a general formula of CnH2n and a weight of 4.2 kg. By comparing the weight and the formula, we can determine that n = 10. Therefore, the formula of the hydrocarbon is C10H20.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Perhatikan beberapa unsur berikut!1) Fosfor 4) Hidrogen2) Karbon 5) Oksigen3) NitrogenUnsur-unsur penyusun karbohidrat ditunjukkan oleh nomor .....
- A.
1), 2) dan 3)
- B.
1), 3) dan 4)
- C.
2), 3) dan 4)
- D.
2), 4), dan 5)
- E.
3), 4) dan 5)
Correct Answer
D. 2), 4), dan 5)Explanation
The correct answer is 2), 4), and 5). This is because carbohydrates are composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O). The elements listed in options 2), 4), and 5) are the correct elements that make up carbohydrates.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Salah satu senyawa hidrokarbon yang terkandung di dalam pelarut cat adalah ....
- A.
Olefin
- B.
Lignin
- C.
Para-xylene
- D.
Polietilen
- E.
Parafin
Correct Answer
E. ParafinExplanation
Parafin adalah senyawa hidrokarbon yang dapat ditemukan dalam pelarut cat. Senyawa ini sering digunakan dalam pelarut cat karena memiliki sifat yang tidak mudah terbakar, tidak beracun, dan memiliki titik didih yang tinggi. Parafin juga membantu melarutkan bahan-bahan lain dalam cat dan meningkatkan kemampuan cat untuk menyebar secara merata pada permukaan yang akan dicat. Olefin, lignin, para-xylene, dan polietilen bukan senyawa hidrokarbon yang umum digunakan dalam pelarut cat.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Perhatikan gambar pengolahan minyak bumi di bawah ini.Bensin diperoleh pada fraksi .....
- A.
I
- B.
II
- C.
III
- D.
IV
- E.
V
Correct Answer
B. IIExplanation
The correct answer is II because gasoline is obtained from the fraction known as "naphtha" which is commonly found in the second fraction of oil refining. Naphtha is a light hydrocarbon mixture that is used as a feedstock for the production of gasoline. It has a lower boiling point compared to other fractions, making it suitable for gasoline production.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Bensin mempunyai bilangan oktan sekitar .....
- A.
98
- B.
90
- C.
82
- D.
75
- E.
70
Correct Answer
C. 82Explanation
Bensin mempunyai bilangan oktan sekitar 82.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Gas yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya efek rumah kaca adalah ....
- A.
CO2
- B.
NO2
- C.
CO
- D.
NO
- E.
CH4
Correct Answer
A. CO2Explanation
CO2 (carbon dioxide) is the gas that can cause the greenhouse effect. This is because CO2 is a greenhouse gas, meaning it can trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere. When there is an excess of CO2 in the atmosphere, it can contribute to global warming and climate change. This is why reducing CO2 emissions is crucial in mitigating the effects of climate change.Rate this question:
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