Aapg Quiz: Sequence Stratigraphy, Part 2 (Of 5)

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Questions: 10 | Attempts: 1,007 | Updated: Mar 22, 2023

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Basics of Sequence Stratigraphy

Basic concepts and terminology in sequence stratigraphy will help you develop an understanding of the models at work.

AAPG and its sister organization, SEPM, offer a wide array of informational and instructional materials to help you learn what sequence stratigraphy is, and to apply it in ways that will help you.

Test your knowledge of basic concepts and terminology in sequence stratigraphy by taking the quick ten-question quiz. Be sure to fill in your full name -- you'll be able to print out a certificate of completion, which includes your score on the quiz.

If you need Read moreto refresh your knowledge, please check out this website (provided by AAPG's sister society, SEPM). You may open the website and keep it open in a separate window while you take the quiz if you'd like an "open book" experience.
http://www. Sepmstrata. Org/page. Aspx? &pageid=32&3

Would you like to learn more? Keep checking back for more "Quick Bite Learning." Also, check out the AAPG's archived E-Symposia. We have at least two on sequence stratigraphy from industry experts, Janok Bhattacharya and Henry Posamentier. http://education. Aapg. Org/aapg-esymposia

Questions and Answers

1.

A systems tract consists of
- A.
  
  The regressive deposits that form when sediment accumulation rates exceed the rate of relative sea-level rise
- B.
  
  Genetically associated stratigraphic units that were deposited during specific phases of the relative sea-level cycle
- C.
  
  Tectonically active basins that adjoin each other
Correct Answer
B. Genetically associated stratigraphic units that were deposited during specific phases of the relative sea-level cycle

Explanation
Genetically associated stratigraphic units that were deposited during specific phases of the relative sea-level cycle (Posamentier, et al, 1988). These units are represented in the rock record as three-dimensional facies assemblages. They are defined on the basis of boundaries, position within a sequence, and parasequence stacking pattern (Van Wagoner et al., 1988).

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2.

A highstand systems tract consists of
- A.
  
  All the regressional deposits that accumulated after the onset of a relative sea-level fall and before the start of the next relative sea-level rise
- B.
  
  All the regressional deposits that accumulated after the onset of a relative sea-level fall and before the start of the next relative sea-level rise
- C.
  
  Deposits that accumulate after the onset of relative a sea-level rise
- D.
  
  Deposits that contain characteristic transform fractures that often stream biogenetic fluids
Correct Answer
B. All the regressional deposits that accumulated after the onset of a relative sea-level fall and before the start of the next relative sea-level rise

Explanation
Deposits that contain characteristic transform fractures that often stream biogenetic fluids. http://www.sepmstrata.org/Terminology.aspx?id=highstand systems tract

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3.

Falling stage systems tract (FSST)
- A.
  
  Caused lateral outbuilding
- B.
  
  Are a suite of well logs
- C.
  
  Resulted igneous intrusions in the midst of a system marked by the rapid deposition of sediment from the fluvial systems
- D.
  
  Includes all the regressional deposits that accumulated after the onset of a relative sea-level fall and before the start of the next relative sea-level rise
Correct Answer
D. Includes all the regressional deposits that accumulated after the onset of a relative sea-level fall and before the start of the next relative sea-level rise

Explanation
Includes all the regressional deposits that accumulated after the onset of a relative sea-level fall and before the start of the next relative sea-level rise. The falling stage systems tract is the product of a forced regression (one should not confused this with the sediments deposited during a normal regression). The FSST lies directly on the sequence boundary and is capped by the overlying lowstand systems tract sediments.(see animated .gif in website & the Quicktime Movie). http://www.sepmstrata.org/Terminology.aspx?id=systems%20tract#

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4.

The systems tracts defined in order of deposition to form the ideal sequence include:
- A.
  
  Early phase lowstand systems tract
- B.
  
  Late phase lowstand systems tract
- C.
  
  Transgressive systems tract
- D.
  
  Highstand systems tract
- E.
  
  All of the above
Correct Answer
E. All of the above

Explanation
http://www.sepmstrata.org/page.aspx?&pageid=32&3

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5.

________________________ formed when the transgressing sea reworks either the prior sequence boundary or the sediments that may have collected during the forced regression that may have followed the generation of that sequence boundary.
- A.
  
  Condensed sequences
- B.
  
  Ravinement erosion surface
- C.
  
  Contact metamorphosis
- D.
  
  Secondary dolomite mixed with sphalerite
Correct Answer
B. Ravinement erosion surface

Explanation
http://www.sepmstrata.org/Terminology.aspx?id=ravinement erosion surface#

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6.

Glossifungites refers to
- A.
  
  An assemblage of fish skeletons causing natural fractures that occur in firm, but not lithified siliciclastic and/or carbonate muds and silts of the intertidal and shallow marine where scouring has often removed the unconsolidated layers at the sediment surface.
- B.
  
  An assemblage of burrows (vertical, U-shaped, or sparsely branched) that occur in firm, but not lithified siliciclastic and/or carbonate muds and silts of the intertidal and shallow marine where scouring has often removed the unconsolidated layers at the sediment surface.
- C.
  
  Fungal growths in the intertidal and shallow marine where scouring has often removed the unconsolidated layers at the sediment surface.
- D.
  
  An assemblage of burrows (vertical, U-shaped, or sparsely branched) that occur in deep marine fungal clastics, turbidite facies, and high TOC glossy shales.
Correct Answer
B. An assemblage of burrows (vertical, U-shaped, or sparsely branched) that occur in firm, but not lithified siliciclastic and/or carbonate muds and silts of the intertidal and shallow marine where scouring has often removed the unconsolidated layers at the sediment surface.

Explanation
http://www.sepmstrata.org/Terminology.aspx?id=glossifungites

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7.

Stacking patterns
- A.
  
  Display characteristic well log signatures
- B.
  
  Display characteristic well log signatures
- C.
  
  May include a retrogradational parasequence set
- D.
  
  May include a retrogradational parasequence set
- E.
  
  All of the above
Correct Answer
E. All of the above

Explanation
http://www.sepmstrata.org/Terminology.aspx?id=stacking patterns

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8.

Accommodation was defined by Jervey (1998) as "the space available for potential sediment accumulation. This space is the combined product of movement of:
- A.
  
  The sea surface: global sea level measured from a datum such as the center of earth)
- B.
  
  The sea floor (tectonics)
- C.
  
  Changes in rates of sediment accumulation
- D.
  
  All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the above

Explanation
http://www.sepmstrata.org/Terminology.aspx?id=accommodation#

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9.

Sediment accumulation for both clastics and carbonates vary as a function of sea level position. Clastic accumulation will tend to vary as a function of accommodation.
- A.
  
  It is higher offshore during relative sea level lows when lower rates of erosion of the more exposed inland interfluve areas occur and deposition is proximal to this erosion.
- B.
  
  It is higher offshore during relative sea level lows when higher rates of erosion of the more exposed inland interfluve areas occur and deposition is distal to this erosion.
- C.
  
  It is higher offshore during relative sea level lows when higher rates of erosion of the more exposed inland interfluve areas occur and deposition is distal to this erosion.
- D.
  
  It is higher offshore during relative sea level highs when higher rates of erosion of the more exposed inland interfluve areas occur and deposition is proximal to this erosion.
Correct Answer
B. It is higher offshore during relative sea level lows when higher rates of erosion of the more exposed inland interfluve areas occur and deposition is distal to this erosion.

Explanation
http://www.sepmstrata.org/Terminology.aspx?id=accumulation#

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10.

Carbonates tend to accumulate in the offshore with rapid rises in sea level, and can keep pace with the sea level rise in the inner shelf lagoons. During highs in sea level the carbonate accumulation fills the inner shelf and progrades seaward across shallow shelves. Carbonate found in the supratidal environment include
- A.
  
  Oolites
- B.
  
  Deep water intraclasts
- C.
  
  Reefal skeletal remains
- D.
  
  Pisolites and oncoids
Correct Answer
D. Pisolites and oncoids

Explanation
http://www.sepmstrata.org/Terminology.aspx?id=carbonate

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Mar 22, 2023

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Oct 31, 2012

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Aapgeducation

Aapg Quiz: Sequence Stratigraphy, Part 2 (Of 5)

A systems tract consists of

A highstand systems tract consists of

Falling stage systems tract (FSST)

The systems tracts defined in order of deposition to form the ideal sequence include:

________________________ formed when the transgressing sea reworks either the prior sequence boundary or the sediments that may have collected during the forced regression that may have followed the generation of that sequence boundary.

Glossifungites refers to

Stacking patterns

Accommodation was defined by Jervey (1998) as "the space available for potential sediment accumulation. This space is the combined product of movement of:

Sediment accumulation for both clastics and carbonates vary as a function of sea level position. Clastic accumulation will tend to vary as a function of accommodation.