Science Benchmark I: Part 1 (46)

Matter is the correct answer because it refers to anything that has mass and takes up space. Matter can exist in various forms such as solids, liquids, and gases. Compounds, mixtures, and elements are all different types of matter.

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The correct answer is the International System of Units (SI). This is a globally recognized measurement system that is used by scientists in the United States and all over the world. It provides a standardized way for scientists to communicate and compare measurements, ensuring consistency and accuracy in scientific research and experimentation.

Solids have a "definite volume" and a "definite shape" because the particles in a solid are closely packed together and have strong intermolecular forces, which prevent them from moving freely. The particles in a solid only vibrate in their fixed positions, maintaining the shape of the solid. Therefore, solids are the type of matter that possess these characteristics.

The correct answer is 45 degrees. By looking carefully at the lines on the graph, it can be observed that the javelin was thrown the farthest at a 45-degree angle.

A liquid is a type of matter that has a definite volume, meaning it takes up a specific amount of space, but it does not have a definite shape. The particles in a liquid are close together and can move past each other, allowing the liquid to flow and take the shape of its container. This is different from a solid, which has both a definite volume and shape, and a gas, which has neither a definite volume nor shape. Plasma, on the other hand, is a state of matter in which the particles are highly charged and do not have a definite volume or shape.

Gas is a type of matter that has no definite shape or volume and its particles move rapidly past each other. Unlike solids and liquids, the particles in a gas are not held together tightly and are free to move and spread out. This allows gases to fill the space they are in and take the shape of their container. Examples of gases include air, oxygen, and carbon dioxide.

When two or more elements chemically combine, they form a compound. A compound is a substance that is composed of two or more different elements that are chemically bonded together in a fixed ratio. This chemical combination results in a new substance with different properties than the original elements. Compounds can be represented by chemical formulas and have specific chemical and physical properties.

CO is the correct answer because it is a compound made up of two elements, carbon (C) and oxygen (O), that are chemically combined.

The "arrow pointing" in the illustration is indicating the atomic number. The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom's nucleus, which determines the element's identity. It is represented by the symbol Z and is unique for each element on the periodic table. The atomic number provides important information about an element's properties and its position in the periodic table.

A physical change refers to a change in the physical properties of a substance without altering its chemical composition. Ice melting is an example of a physical change because it involves a change in the state of water from solid (ice) to liquid (water), without any change in the chemical composition of water molecules. The process of melting involves the absorption of heat energy, causing the water molecules to gain enough energy to overcome their attractive forces and move freely, resulting in the change from a solid to a liquid state.

The basic scientific unit of length is the meter. It is a fundamental unit in the International System of Units (SI) and is used to measure distances. The meter is defined as the distance traveled by light in a vacuum during a specific time interval. It is widely used in scientific research and everyday measurements due to its standardization and universal acceptance.

Digestion is a "chemical change" because it involves the breakdown of food into simpler substances through chemical reactions. In the process of digestion, enzymes and acids in the stomach and intestines break down complex molecules like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body. This transformation is a chemical change because the composition and structure of the food molecules are altered, resulting in new substances being formed.

Ice melting is a physical change because it involves a change in the physical state of the substance without altering its chemical composition. When ice melts, it transforms from a solid state to a liquid state, but the water molecules remain the same. This process is reversible, as the water can be frozen again to form ice.

Metalloids are elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals. They are found along the staircase line on the periodic table, separating the metals from the nonmetals. Metalloids exhibit characteristics of both groups, such as being semi-conductors of electricity and having varying degrees of metallic and nonmetallic properties. Therefore, metalloids are the section on the periodic table that has properties of "both" metals and nonmetals.

A neutron is a subatomic particle that is found in the nucleus of an atom. It has no net electric charge, meaning it is neither positive nor negative. Therefore, the correct answer is "neutral."

Copper (Cu) and Gold (Au) are chemically similar because they both belong to the same family-column in the periodic table. They are both transition metals and are found in the same group, Group 11. This means that they have similar chemical properties and react in a similar manner.

Atoms are the basic building blocks of all matter. They are the smallest units of an element that retain its chemical properties. Atoms combine to form molecules, which are the smallest units of compounds. Mixtures are combinations of different substances, while elements are pure substances made up of only one type of atom. Therefore, atoms are the fundamental particles that make up all matter.

The electron cloud model is the correct answer because it is the only model among the options that shows a three-dimensional structure of the atom and depicts the concept of orbits. This model suggests that electrons are not confined to specific orbits but rather exist in a cloud-like region around the nucleus, with varying probabilities of being found in different areas. It provides a more accurate representation of the behavior and distribution of electrons within an atom compared to the other models listed.

The precise measurement of volume on the graduated cylinder is 43 mL. This is because the graduated cylinder is a tool used to measure the volume of liquids, and it is marked with graduations that indicate the volume. In this case, the measurement of 43 mL is the closest to the exact volume indicated by the markings on the graduated cylinder.

Dalton is the correct answer because he proposed the atomic theory which stated that atoms are indivisible and indestructible particles that resemble solid balls. This theory was a significant contribution to understanding the structure of matter and laid the foundation for modern atomic theory.

The given options are CO2, H2, NaCl2, and H2O. CO2 is carbon dioxide, which is a compound made up of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms. H2O is water, which is a compound made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. NaCl2 is not a compound because it does not represent a known chemical compound. H2 is not a compound because it represents a diatomic molecule of hydrogen, which consists of two atoms of hydrogen bonded together.

A "proposed solution" to a "problem" in science is typically referred to as a "hypothesis". It is a tentative explanation or prediction that is based on prior knowledge, observations, and reasoning. A hypothesis is formulated in the "If...Then..." format, where the "If" represents the data or observations, and the "Then" represents the predicted outcome or explanation. The hypothesis is then tested and evaluated through experiments and further data analysis to determine its validity.

Milk is measured in liters. Liters are a unit of volume commonly used in the metric system. This unit is appropriate for measuring liquids such as milk as it provides an accurate measurement of the quantity. Other units listed, such as kilometers and grams, are used for measuring distance and weight respectively, and are not suitable for measuring milk. Gallons, on the other hand, are commonly used in the United States, but liters are the more widely used unit of measurement for milk worldwide.

Remember the element can be written as a uppercase letter as H for Hydrogen or uppercase and a lowercase letter together as Cu-copper. -Never two uppercase letters together.

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Temperature is a scientific unit of measurement that is commonly measured in Celsius. Celsius is a metric unit used to measure temperature in the scientific community. It is based on the Celsius scale, where 0 degrees Celsius represents the freezing point of water and 100 degrees Celsius represents the boiling point of water at sea level. Fahrenheit is another unit of temperature measurement, but it is not commonly used in scientific contexts. The other options, degrees and cold, are not specific units of temperature measurement.

The compound that contains 3 oxygen, 1 carbon, and 2 sodium atoms is Na2CO3.

Weight is the correct answer because it is the response to the force of gravity. Weight is the measure of the force of gravity acting on an object, and it is directly proportional to the mass of the object. The greater the mass, the greater the force of gravity and therefore the greater the weight. So weight can be considered as the response or effect of the force of gravity on an object.

The red arrow is pointing to the "families or groups" in the illustration. This refers to the vertical columns in the periodic table, which are called families or groups. Each family or group contains elements with similar properties and characteristics.

The correct answer is mass. Mass is a fundamental property of an object that remains the same regardless of its location. On the moon, the force of gravity is weaker compared to Earth, but the mass of an object remains constant. This means that the amount of matter in an object does not change when it is on the moon.

The example of "exothermic energy" is match burning. Exothermic reactions release energy in the form of heat. When a match is struck, the heat from the friction causes a chemical reaction in the match head, resulting in the release of heat and the production of a flame. This is an example of exothermic energy because the energy is being released or going out in the form of heat.

An element is a "pure" form of substance that "cannot" be broken down chemically into other substances. Elements are made up of only one type of atom, which is the smallest unit of a chemical element. Unlike compounds or mixtures, elements cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical reactions.

The section of the periodic table where "all elements" are located to the "left" of the stairstep line is called metals. In this section, elements possess metallic properties such as being good conductors of heat and electricity, having luster, and being malleable and ductile.

To convert a boat's length from 29.5 meters to centimeters, we need to move the decimal point two places to the right since we are going from larger units (meters) to smaller units (centimeters). Since the prefix "centi-" has two zeros, we move the decimal point two places to the right. Therefore, the correct answer is 2950.0 cm.

Remember it takes 100 cm to make a meter. Therefore, move the decimal 2 place (because 100 has 2 zeros) to the "left" in the direction to convert smaller units to larger units.

Noble gases, also known as group 18 elements, are the least reactive and most stable group of elements on the periodic table. This is because their outermost energy level, or valence shell, is completely filled with 8 valence electrons. Since this shell is already full, noble gases have no need to interact or combine with other elements to achieve a stable electron configuration. As you move from group 1 to group 18 on the periodic table, the reactivity of elements decreases, with noble gases being the least reactive due to their full valence shells.

The correct answer is 8 cm because it is the only measurement that is typically used for the length of a pencil. Inches, meters, and liters are not commonly used to measure the length of a pencil.

The elements on the "stairstep line" are called metalloids. Metalloids are elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals. They have characteristics of metals such as being able to conduct electricity and heat, but also have nonmetal properties like being brittle and not as malleable as metals. Metalloids are found along the zigzag line on the periodic table and include elements like boron, silicon, and arsenic.

Point D on the ruler for science is 3.6 cm. This means that when measuring something in science using this ruler, if the object reaches point D, it would be equivalent to 3.6 cm in length.

The correct answer is "meniscus". When measuring the volume of a liquid in a graduated cylinder, it is important to look at the meniscus, which is the curved line at the surface of the liquid. This is because the surface tension of the liquid causes it to form a curve, and the measurement should be taken at the lowest point of the curve. Looking at the meniscus at eye level ensures an accurate measurement of volume.

Evaporation is the phase of change in matter that is taking place on numbers. Evaporation occurs when a liquid changes into a gas at a temperature below its boiling point. In this process, the liquid molecules gain enough energy to break free from the surface of the liquid and enter the gas phase. This is different from boiling, which occurs when a liquid changes into a gas at its boiling point throughout the entire liquid. Freezing is the phase change from liquid to solid, while melting is the phase change from solid to liquid.

In this reaction, A and B combine to form AB, and during this process, energy is released. This is an example of an exothermic reaction because the reaction releases energy in the form of heat or light.

Democritus is credited with "discovering" the atom because he proposed the concept of atoms as indivisible and indestructible particles that make up all matter. He believed that these atoms are constantly moving and combine in different ways to form different substances. Although his ideas were not scientifically proven at the time, his theories laid the foundation for the modern understanding of the atom.

The groups "lanthanides and actinides" belong to the rare earth metals section of the periodic table. These elements are located at the bottom of the periodic table and are known for their similar chemical properties and electron configurations. They are also referred to as inner transition metals and are often used in various industrial applications due to their unique properties.

Kilograms would be the appropriate unit of measurement to weigh the dog or find its mass. Kilograms is the standard unit for measuring mass in the metric system, which is widely used around the world. Liters, pounds, and ounces are units of measurement used for volume and weight, but not specifically for measuring mass.