Science 8 Astronomy Chapter 2 Quiz

Neil Armstrong is the correct answer because he was the first person to set foot on the moon during the Apollo 11 mission in 1969. His famous quote, "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind," is widely known and associated with this historic event. John Glenn, Alan Shepard, and Yuri Gagarin were also notable astronauts, but they did not have the distinction of being the first person on the moon.

A satellite is an object that revolves around another object, such as the moon around the Earth. Satellites can be natural, like the moon, or artificial, like those used for communications and collecting weather and scientific data. Therefore, the correct answer is satellite.

The American effort to land astronauts on the moon was named the Apollo program. This program was initiated by NASA with the goal of achieving manned lunar exploration. The Apollo program successfully accomplished this objective, with the Apollo 11 mission landing the first humans on the moon in 1969. The program consisted of a series of missions, including the famous Apollo 13 mission, which faced a critical failure but ultimately returned the crew safely to Earth. The Apollo program remains a significant milestone in human space exploration.

Rovers are small robots designed to move on the surface of planets or moons. They are commonly used in space exploration missions to gather data and perform various tasks. Unlike space shuttles and space stations, which are vehicles or structures used for transportation and habitation in space, rovers are specifically built for surface exploration. Lunar orbiters, on the other hand, are spacecraft that orbit the moon and capture images or collect data from a distance. Therefore, rovers are the most suitable option for small robots that can move about on the surface of a planet or moon.

A space station is a large artificial satellite designed to accommodate people for extended periods of time, allowing them to live and work in space. It serves as a base for scientific research, experimentation, and observation, as well as a platform for launching and controlling space missions. Unlike space shuttles, which are reusable spacecraft designed for transportation, space stations are stationary and provide a long-term habitation solution. Space probes, on the other hand, are unmanned spacecraft used for exploring celestial bodies, while rovers are robotic vehicles used for surface exploration.

A space shuttle is a spacecraft that is designed to carry a crew into space, return to Earth, and then be reused for the same purpose. Unlike other options such as rovers, space probes, and space stations, a space shuttle has the capability to transport astronauts and cargo to and from space multiple times, making it a more versatile and cost-effective option for human space exploration missions.

NASA stands for National Aeronautics and Space Administration. It is a government agency in the United States that is responsible for the nation's civilian space program and for aeronautics and aerospace research. The agency was established in 1958, and it conducts various missions and projects related to space exploration, scientific research, and technological advancements in the field of aeronautics and space.

A rocket is a device that expels gas in one direction to move in the opposite direction. Rockets work on the principle of action and reaction, where the expulsion of gas creates a thrust that propels the rocket forward. This makes rocket the correct answer as it perfectly fits the given definition. Satellites, probes, and vacuums do not expel gas to create propulsion, so they do not match the given definition.

Yuri Gagarin is the correct answer because he was the first person to travel into space. On April 12, 1961, he successfully completed a orbit around the Earth aboard the Vostok 1 spacecraft, marking a significant milestone in human space exploration. Alan Shepard, John Glenn, and Neil Armstrong were all notable astronauts, but they were not the first to venture into space.

Sputnik was the first satellite ever launched into space. It was launched by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957. Sputnik's successful launch marked the beginning of the Space Age and initiated the space race between the United States and the Soviet Union. It was a small, spherical satellite that transmitted radio signals back to Earth, providing valuable data about the Earth's atmosphere and space exploration possibilities. Sputnik's launch had a significant impact on scientific, technological, and geopolitical developments, paving the way for future space missions and advancements in space exploration.

Microgravity refers to the condition in which the force of gravity is greatly reduced, resulting in a feeling of weightlessness. This is experienced by astronauts in space due to the absence of gravitational pull from Earth. In microgravity, objects and individuals float freely and do not experience the normal downward force. This term accurately describes the feeling of weightlessness that astronauts experience in space.

The correct answer is USSR. The USSR, also known as the Soviet Union, reached space first with the launch of the satellite Sputnik 1 on October 4, 1957. This marked the beginning of the Space Age and the start of the Space Race between the USSR and the U.S.

NASA is the correct answer because it is the U.S. government program responsible for the space program. It brought together scientists and engineers to solve technical problems related to space flight. The International Space Station, Mercury program, and COSMOS are not the correct answers as they are not the U.S. government program in charge of the space program.

A space probe is a spacecraft that is equipped with scientific instruments to collect data, including visual images, but does not have a human crew. It has its own power system to produce electricity, a communications system to send and receive signals, and is designed for scientific exploration and research. Unlike a space station, which is designed for long-term human habitation, or a space shuttle, which is designed for transporting astronauts and cargo to and from space, a space probe is specifically designed for scientific exploration and data collection. Rovers, on the other hand, are robotic vehicles that are used to explore the surface of celestial bodies like planets or moons. Therefore, the best fit for the given description is a space probe.

In order for a spacecraft to fly beyond a planet's gravitational pull, it must reach escape velocity. Escape velocity is the minimum velocity required for an object to overcome the gravitational pull of a celestial body and escape into space. This velocity depends on the mass and radius of the planet. If a spacecraft reaches escape velocity, it has enough energy to break free from the planet's gravitational field and continue its journey into space. Orbital velocity is the velocity required for an object to stay in a stable orbit around a planet, while geostationary orbit refers to a specific type of orbit where a satellite stays fixed above a particular location on Earth's equator.

John Glenn was the first American to orbit the Earth. Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk on the moon, not the first American to orbit the Earth. Alan B. Shepard was the first American in space, but he did not orbit the Earth. Yuri Gagarin was the first person to orbit the Earth, but he was not American. Therefore, the correct answer is John Glenn.

Alan Shepard was the first American to travel into space. He achieved this milestone on May 5, 1961, aboard the Freedom 7 spacecraft as part of the Mercury-Redstone 3 mission. Shepard's flight lasted only 15 minutes but paved the way for future manned space missions. His accomplishment marked a significant moment in the Space Race between the United States and the Soviet Union.

The correct answer is Mercury. The Mercury program was developed by the United States to compete with the Russians during the Space Race. It aimed to send the first Americans into space. The program successfully achieved this goal, with the launch of Alan Shepard aboard the Freedom 7 spacecraft in 1961. The Mercury program paved the way for future space missions and played a significant role in the advancement of human space exploration.

A satellite in geosynchronous orbit revolves around the Earth once each hour. This means that the satellite takes exactly one hour to complete one orbit around the Earth. This type of orbit is achieved when the satellite's orbital period matches the Earth's rotation period, resulting in the satellite appearing to remain stationary in the sky relative to a fixed point on Earth's surface.

The Gemini program was the second space program initiated by the United States. Its main objective was to develop and test techniques necessary for advanced space travel. The missions conducted under the Gemini program included several significant achievements such as the first American spacewalks, new orbital maneuvers like rendezvous and docking, and other advancements in space exploration.

The correct answer is Mercury. The Mercury program was the first human spaceflight program of the United States. Its goal was to put a human in orbit around the Earth. The program was active from 1958 to 1963 and successfully achieved its objective with the flight of astronaut John Glenn in 1962. The Mercury program paved the way for future space missions and was an important milestone in the history of space exploration.

The given answer, "Law of Action/Reaction", is correct because it accurately describes the principle that for every force or action, there is an equal and opposite force or reaction. This principle is known as Newton's Third Law of Motion, which states that the forces between two objects are always equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.

The International Space Station gets its power from solar panels, which are equipped with solar cells. These solar panels collect sunlight and convert it into electricity, providing the necessary power for the space station's systems and equipment. This method of power generation is essential in space as it allows for a sustainable and renewable source of energy.

The challenges of space or conditions that differ from Earth include microgravity, vacuum, weightlessness, high temperatures, and health problems. In space, the force of gravity is significantly reduced, resulting in microgravity and weightlessness. The vacuum of space lacks air and atmospheric pressure. High temperatures can be experienced due to the extreme conditions in space. Additionally, astronauts may face health problems such as bone and muscle loss, radiation exposure, and psychological effects due to long-duration space missions.

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