ข้อสอบหลักการและทฤษฎีการบริหารการศึกษา

Explanation
The correct answer is "การกำหนดเป้าหมายทางคุณธรรม" (setting ethical goals). This answer is likely to occur before the other options because setting ethical goals is an important step in the process of managing change. Before any change can occur, it is necessary to establish the ethical principles and values that will guide the change process. By setting ethical goals, organizations can ensure that their actions are aligned with their values and that the change process is conducted in an ethical and responsible manner.

Explanation
The correct answer is "จรรยาบรรณต่อนักเรียน" which means "Ethics towards students" in English. This answer suggests that the question is asking which option does not belong to the category of ethics. The other options mentioned in the question - ethics towards oneself, ethics towards profession, and ethics towards service recipients - all pertain to different aspects of ethics, but ethics towards students is the odd one out.

Explanation
The correct answer is Vision, Mission, Goal, Objective, Targets. This sequence is in line with the typical strategic planning process. The vision statement sets the long-term aspirations and direction of the organization. The mission statement defines the purpose and the core values of the organization. Goals are broad statements that outline what the organization wants to achieve. Objectives are specific and measurable targets that support the goals. Targets are the specific actions or milestones that need to be accomplished to reach the objectives.

Explanation
The best management principle is to manage according to the situation. This means that managers should adapt their approach and decision-making based on the specific circumstances they are facing. This approach recognizes that different situations require different management styles and strategies in order to achieve the best outcomes. By considering the context and adjusting their actions accordingly, managers can effectively address challenges and maximize performance.

Explanation
The correct answer is "ขาว". According to the Six Thinking Hats theory, the white hat represents gathering and analyzing information. It focuses on facts, figures, and objective data. Therefore, the white hat is used to represent the acquisition of information and news.

Explanation
Constructivism is a theory of learning that suggests that learners construct their own knowledge and understanding through active engagement with the material. It emphasizes the importance of hands-on, experiential learning and encourages learners to actively participate in the learning process. This aligns with the concept of "knowledge build" mentioned in the question, as both emphasize the active construction of knowledge rather than passive absorption of information.

Explanation
The given answer "X" is the correct answer because it suggests that the manager views the subordinates as not competent and in need of development. Additionally, the answer implies that the manager believes in using rules and regulations to control the subordinates.