Anatomy Exam About Eyes And Retina
The eye is our organ of sight. The eye has a number of components which include but are not limited to the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, retina, macula, optic nerve, choroid and vitreous.
The retina is a thin layer of tissue that lines the back of the eye on the inside. It is located near the optic nerve. The purpose of the retina is to receive light that the lens has focused, convert the light into neural signals, and send these signals on to the brain for visual recognition.
Take this quiz to check your anatomical knowledge
Questions and Answers
- 1.
The sclera is adjacent to the retina.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The choroid is immediately adjacent to the retina followed by the sclera.Rate this question:
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- 2.
What is the function of the RPE?
- A.
Prevent back scatter of light
- B.
Nourishment for the retina
- C.
Regeneration of photopigment
- D.
A and c
- E.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. A and cExplanation
RPE is highly pigmented and will absorb light that is not absorbed by the photopigment. This prevents back scatter of light that would cause a blurry image.
It's also important for the regeneration of photopigment. With retinal detachments, one cannot regenerate the photopigment.Rate this question:
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- 3.
What is the main purpose of the outer limiting membrane (external liminting membrane)?
- A.
Outer segment regeneration
- B.
Sets up electrical charge across retina
- C.
Barrier for selective wavelengths of light
Correct Answer
B. Sets up electrical charge across retinaExplanation
ELM is an area where the photoreceptor fuse to create a barrier to the flow of ions to the retina. This is important for setting up an electrical charge across the retina.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The inner plexiform layer contains synapses of the photoreceptors and bipolar cells
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Outer plexiform layer has synapses of PRs and BPs. Inner plexiform has synapses of BPs and GCs, as well as amacrine cells with GCs.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Out of all the cells in the retina, what type has the most sub-types?
- A.
Bipolar
- B.
Ganglion
- C.
Amacrine
- D.
Horizontal
Correct Answer
C. AmacrineExplanation
AMACRINE --> 25!
Rods and Cones (4)
BP (7)
GC (10)
H (2)
A (25)
Biplexiform (1)
Interplexiform (2)Rate this question:
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- 6.
Indicate what common features are found in all species in the anatomy of photoreceptors.
- A.
Outer segment
- B.
Inner segment
- C.
Nucleus
- D.
Synaptic terminal
Correct Answer(s)
A. Outer segment
B. Inner segment
C. Nucleus
D. Synaptic terminalExplanation
The common features found in all species in the anatomy of photoreceptors are the outer segment, inner segment, nucleus, and synaptic terminal. The outer segment is responsible for capturing light and converting it into electrical signals. The inner segment contains the organelles and metabolic machinery necessary for the cell's functioning. The nucleus houses the genetic material and controls the cell's activities. The synaptic terminal is where the photoreceptor communicates with other cells in the visual system. These features are essential for the photoreceptor's role in detecting and processing visual information.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Cone OS is smaller than it's IS
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
This is why it's cone shaped!Rate this question:
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- 8.
Rod OS is larger than its IS
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Rod IS and OS are the same sizeRate this question:
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- 9.
The nucleus in cones is closer to the IS than rods.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The nucleus in cones is closer to the OS than rodsRate this question:
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- 10.
The cone foot plate (pedicle) is much larger than rods foot plate (spherule)
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
This is why cones can have so many more synaptic connections compared to rods.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Photogiment discs have a high concentration of K inside
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
High concentration of Na on insideRate this question:
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- 12.
Indicate the components of a disc.
- A.
Lipoprotein
- B.
Carbohydrate
- C.
Visual pigment
- D.
Glycoprotein
Correct Answer(s)
A. Lipoprotein
C. Visual pigmentExplanation
The components of a disc are lipoprotein and visual pigment. Lipoprotein is a combination of lipids (fats) and proteins, and it plays a crucial role in transporting lipids in the bloodstream. Visual pigment, on the other hand, is a light-sensitive molecule found in the retina of the eye, and it is responsible for the detection of light and the initiation of the visual process.Rate this question:
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- 13.
How many different photopigments are there?
- A.
1
- B.
3
- C.
4
Correct Answer
C. 4Explanation
There's a different photopigment for each type of cone (3) and rod (1) = 4 totalRate this question:
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- 14.
The function of the IS is:
- A.
Energy production
- B.
Homeostasis regulation
- C.
Produce the disc membranes
Correct Answer
A. Energy productionExplanation
The correct answer is energy production. The function of the IS (Inner Segment) is to produce energy. The IS is a part of the photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye and is responsible for converting light into electrical signals. This conversion process requires a significant amount of energy, which is produced by the IS. Therefore, energy production is the correct function of the IS.Rate this question:
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- 15.
What is the cilium that connects the IS and OS made of?
- 16.
The cilium acts as a connection/shuttle between the OS and IS. What other function does it have?
- A.
Generates photopigment
- B.
Regenerates the OS
- C.
Regenerates the IS
Correct Answer
B. Regenerates the OSExplanation
The cilium not only acts as a connection or shuttle between the outer segment (OS) and inner segment (IS) of a cell, but it also has the function of regenerating the OS. The outer segment is responsible for capturing light and converting it into electrical signals, which are then transmitted to the inner segment for further processing. As the outer segment is constantly exposed to light and undergoes wear and tear, the cilium plays a crucial role in regenerating and maintaining the functionality of the outer segment, ensuring optimal visual function.Rate this question:
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- 17.
The foveola contains which type of cells?
- A.
Rods
- B.
Cones
- C.
Glial cells
- D.
Oligodendrocytes
Correct Answer(s)
B. Cones
C. Glial cellsExplanation
central 1.2 degreesRate this question:
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- 18.
The fovea contains:
- A.
Rods
- B.
Cones
- C.
Oligodendrocytes
Correct Answer(s)
A. Rods
B. ConesExplanation
central 2.5 degreesRate this question:
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- 19.
The more eccentric we get from the fovea, the smaller the rods and cones become.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Rods and cones get LARGER as we move more eccentricallyRate this question:
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- 20.
There are 3 types of astrocytes and they are differentiated based on functional differences
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
There are 3 types of astrocytes but they are differentiated based on antaomical differences.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Where are astrocytes commonly found?
- A.
Near blood vessels
- B.
Near optic nerve
- C.
Near fovea
Correct Answer
A. Near blood vesselsExplanation
They help form the BBBRate this question:
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- 22.
They are many oligodendrocytes in the retina
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
We don't want them in the retina because they produce myelin and myelin is not transparent and would therefore interfere with light transmissionRate this question:
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- 23.
What is the funciton of Muller cells in the retina?
- A.
Physical support
- B.
Control the extracellular enviornment
- C.
Both
- D.
Neither
Correct Answer
C. BothExplanation
Muller cells in the retina serve both functions of providing physical support and controlling the extracellular environment. They are glial cells that span the entire thickness of the retina and help maintain its structural integrity. Muller cells also play a role in regulating the extracellular environment by transporting nutrients and ions, removing waste products, and maintaining the balance of neurotransmitters. Therefore, they serve both functions simultaneously.Rate this question:
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- 24.
The Muller cells in the retina span from the internal limiting membrane to the inner pleixform layer.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The muller cells span fron the inner to outer limiting membrane --> they span the entire length of the retinaRate this question:
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- 25.
Middle wavelength cones form a martix and inbetween the matrix there are short and long wavelength cones
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
SHORT cones form a matrix and the mid and long wavelength cones are found inbetween the matrix.Rate this question:
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- 26.
In general, the most numerous types of cones are the long and mid wavelength cones. The lease common are the short wavelength cones
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement is true because the long and mid wavelength cones are responsible for detecting a wider range of colors, including red, green, and yellow. These cones are more numerous in the human eye compared to the short wavelength cones, which are responsible for detecting blue and violet colors. Therefore, the long and mid wavelength cones are more common in general.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Most of the cones are in the fovea, a minority is in the periphery.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Half the cones are in the fovea, the other half are in the peripheryRate this question:
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- 28.
The myoid is closer to the OS than the ellipsoid
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The ellipsoid is closer to the OS than the myoidRate this question:
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Current Version
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
ProProfs Editorial Team -
May 13, 2011Quiz Created by
Tseemore
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