Au Radiology Resident's Training Course Quiz

During the equilibrium state of a 99Mo-99mTc generator, the total activity of 99mTc is always less than the total activity of 99Mo because 14% of 99Mo decays directly to 99Tc, bypassing the metastable state. This means that some of the 99Mo does not undergo the decay process that leads to the formation of 99mTc. As a result, the total activity of 99mTc will be less than the total activity of 99Mo.

DOT hazardous materials training is required within 90 days of employment and retraining must be received at least once every 3 years. This means that employees who handle hazardous materials must undergo training within the first 90 days of their employment. Additionally, they must receive retraining every 3 years to ensure they are up to date with the latest regulations and safety procedures. This helps to ensure the safe handling and transportation of hazardous materials, reducing the risk of accidents and potential harm to individuals and the environment. Therefore, the statement is true.

Geiger counters cannot be used to distinguish between types of radiation due to the near-maximal ionization of gas molecules in response to each radiation event. This means that regardless of the type of radiation (alpha, beta, gamma, etc.), the gas molecules in the detector will be ionized in a similar manner. Therefore, Geiger counters can only detect the presence of radiation, but not provide information about the specific type of radiation.

The most effective way of reducing exposure to radiation is through the radiation protection principles of time, distance and shielding

The statement is true because when considering quality factors for equivalent dose, gammas, x-rays, and betas all have a value of 1. This means that these types of radiation have the same biological effect on human tissue. Therefore, when calculating equivalent dose, these types of radiation are considered to have equal importance and are given a value of 1.

The statement is true because the maximum allowable exposure to the household contacts of a patient receiving radioactivity is indeed 5 mSv (500 mrem). This limit is set to ensure the safety of individuals who may come into contact with a patient who is undergoing radioactivity treatment. It is important to limit exposure to radiation to prevent any potential health risks.

Radiation surveys should be performed as soon as practical after receipt of the package, but not later than 3 hours after the package is received at the licensee's facility if it is received during the licensee's normal working hours, or not later than 3 hours from the beginning of the next working day if it is received after working hours.

Technetium-99m and molybdenum-99 are good examples of transient equilibrium because the parent half-life (molybdenum-99) is 10 to 100 times longer than the daughter half-life (technetium-99m). In transient equilibrium, the parent isotope decays into the daughter isotope, but the parent isotope decays at a slower rate compared to the daughter isotope. This results in a temporary balance between the production and decay of the parent and daughter isotopes.

A 24-hour emergency contact number must be provided and monitored at all times while the hazardous material is in transit. The number must be for a individual who is either knowledgeable of the hazardous material being shipped and has comprehensive emergency response information, or has immediate access to such a person

Gas-filled detectors have very low efficiency for the detection of high-energy gamma photons and x-rays due to the low density of the gas. Detection of gamma/x-ray photons is much higher using high-density materials such as sodium iodide (NaI).

A medical event must be reported within 1 calendar day following discovery.

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The correct answer is 10 CFR 35.300. This section of 10 CFR 35 specifically pertains to I-131 thyroid ablation treatments that require a written directive. It likely outlines the regulations and requirements for such treatments, including the necessary documentation and procedures that must be followed.

Radioactive White I packages do not require a Transport Index.

According to 49 CFR 173.421, the radiation level at any point on the external surface of the package does not exceed 0.005 mSv/hour (0.5 mrem/ hour).

A dose calibrator is not needed in the event of handling a radioactive spill. A dose calibrator is a device used to measure the activity of a radioactive substance, typically used in medical settings to measure doses of radiopharmaceuticals. However, in the case of a spill, the focus is on containment and cleanup, rather than measuring doses. Therefore, a dose calibrator is not necessary in this situation.

A generator must always have a parent nuclide with a longer half-life than the daughter nuclide. Transient equilibrium occurs when the parent half-life is 10-100 times greater than the daughter half-life, while secular equilibrium occurs when the parent half life is at least 100 times over that of the daughter. Finally, the parent nuclide must remain tightly bound to the column over the generator so that the daughter nuclide may be eluted for use.

A dose calibrator is an example of an ionization chamber, a gas-filled detector that operates within the ionization region. A Geiger counter, which is also a gas-filled detector, operates within the Geiger Mueller region. NaI is a solid-state scintillation detector.

The maximum permissible exposure to a hospital worker who is not a radiation worker is the same as a member of the public.