Reproduction And Development Post-assessment (Grade 8)

1.

Which reproductive adaptation is characteristic of most terrestrial vertebrates but not of most aquatic vertebrates (Standard 4.1 a)?
- A.
  
  External Fertilization
- B.
  
  Internal Fertilization
- C.
  
  Motile Gametes
- D.
  
  External Development
- E.
  
  Fragmentation
Correct Answer
B. Internal Fertilization

Explanation
Internal fertilization is a reproductive adaptation that is characteristic of most terrestrial vertebrates but not of most aquatic vertebrates. Internal fertilization occurs when the sperm is deposited inside the female's body and fertilization takes place internally. This adaptation is necessary for terrestrial vertebrates because it helps protect the fertilized eggs from drying out and provides a more stable environment for development. In contrast, most aquatic vertebrates rely on external fertilization, where eggs and sperm are released into the water and fertilization occurs externally. This is because aquatic environments provide a more suitable medium for the transportation and survival of gametes.

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2.

What would most likely result if mitosis was not accompanied by cytoplasmic division (Standard 4.1b)
- A.
  
  Two cells, each with one nucleus
- B.
  
  Two cells, each without a nucleus
- C.
  
  One cell with two identical nuclei
- D.
  
  One cell without a nucleus
- E.
  
  One large egg cell and three polar bodies
Correct Answer
C. One cell with two identical nuclei

Explanation
If mitosis was not accompanied by cytoplasmic division, it would result in one cell with two identical nuclei. This is because mitosis is the process by which a cell divides and produces two identical daughter cells. Without cytoplasmic division, the two nuclei would remain in the same cell, resulting in one cell with two identical nuclei.

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3.

Which diagram best represents oogenesis (egg formation) in humans (Standard 4.1c)?Diagram 1:Diagram 2:Diagram 3:Diagram 4:
- A.
  
  Diagram 1
- B.
  
  Diagram 2
- C.
  
  Diagram 3
- D.
  
  Diagram 4
- E.
  
  None of the Above
Correct Answer
D. Diagram 4
4.

Which process normally occurs at arrow B (Standard 4.1d)?
- A.
  
  Mitosis
- B.
  
  Meiosis
- C.
  
  Germination
- D.
  
  Differentiation
- E.
  
  Gametogenesis
Correct Answer
A. Mitosis

Explanation
Mitosis is the correct answer for the process that normally occurs at arrow B. Mitosis is the process in which a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This process is essential for growth, repair, and maintenance of the body. It occurs in somatic cells and produces genetically identical cells. Meiosis, on the other hand, is the process that produces gametes (sperm and egg cells) with half the number of chromosomes. Germination is the process by which a seed grows into a plant. Differentiation is the process by which cells become specialized for specific functions. Gametogenesis is the production of gametes through meiosis.

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5.

The follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is (Standard 4.1e):
- A.
  
  An ovarian hormone which is responsible for the building up of the uterine lining
- B.
  
  A pituitary hormone which stimulates the growth of the follicle
- C.
  
  A hormone which is stimulated by the follicle and is responsible for building up the uterine lining
- D.
  
  An ovarian hormone which stimulates a follicle to produce an egg
- E.
  
  A hormone secreted in the male testes and delivered to the female ovaries
Correct Answer
B. A pituitary hormone which stimulates the growth of the follicle

Explanation
FSH is a pituitary hormone that stimulates the growth of the follicle. The follicle is a structure in the ovary that contains an egg. FSH plays a crucial role in the menstrual cycle by stimulating the growth and development of the ovarian follicle. This hormone is released by the pituitary gland in response to signals from the hypothalamus. FSH helps to prepare the follicle for ovulation and the release of an egg.

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6.

After sperm is deposited inside a female, the pathway they follow to reach the egg is (Standard 4.1f):
- A.
  
  G to H to I
- B.
  
  K to I to H
- C.
  
  J to K to H
- D.
  
  H to I to K
- E.
  
  E to D to B
Correct Answer
B. K to I to H
7.

In humans, what is the ratio of the number of gametes produced from one male primary sex cell to the number of gametes produced from one female primary sex cell (Standard 4.1g)?
- A.
  
  1:1
- B.
  
  1:3
- C.
  
  1:4
- D.
  
  3:1
- E.
  
  4:1
Correct Answer
E. 4:1

Explanation
The correct answer is 4:1. This means that for every one gamete produced from a female primary sex cell, four gametes are produced from a male primary sex cell. This is because in humans, males produce four sperm cells through a process called spermatogenesis, while females produce one egg cell through a process called oogenesis.

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1
0
8.

Identical twins may develop as a result of fertilization of (Standard 4.1h):
- A.
  
  One egg by one sperm
- B.
  
  One egg by two sperms
- C.
  
  Two eggs by one sperm
- D.
  
  Two eggs by two sperms
- E.
  
  Two polar bodies and one sperm
Correct Answer
A. One egg by one sperm

Explanation
Identical twins develop as a result of fertilization of one egg by one sperm. This occurs when a single fertilized egg, also known as a zygote, splits into two separate embryos. These embryos will have the same genetic information and will develop into identical twins.

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9.

The diagrams below represent various processes associated with reproduction. Asexual reproduction is represented by (Standard 2.1d):
- A.
  
  A, only
- B.
  
  B, only
- C.
  
  A and C
- D.
  
  B and D
- E.
  
  All of the above
Correct Answer
C. A and C

Explanation
The correct answer is A and C. The diagrams A and C represent processes associated with asexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction involves the production of offspring without the involvement of gametes or the fusion of genetic material from two parents. In diagram A, a single organism is shown dividing into two identical offspring through a process called binary fission. In diagram C, a parent organism is shown producing offspring through budding, where a small outgrowth on the parent organism develops into a new individual. Both of these processes are examples of asexual reproduction.

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10.

What makes stem cells different from other cells in the body?
- A.
  
  They are larger than other cells.
- B.
  
  They can absorb broken cells and repair them.
- C.
  
  They are undifferentiated cells that can turn into a number of different kinds of cells, as needed.
- D.
  
  They are found only in plants.
- E.
  
  They are only found in embryonic cells and are never found in adult cells.
Correct Answer
C. They are undifferentiated cells that can turn into a number of different kinds of cells, as needed.

Explanation
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the ability to develop into various types of cells in the body. This means that they can differentiate into specialized cells such as muscle cells, nerve cells, or blood cells, depending on the needs of the body. Unlike other cells, stem cells have the unique characteristic of self-renewal and can divide and produce more stem cells or differentiate into specialized cells.

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11.

Rate, on a scale of 1 – 4, 1 being the lowest and 4 being the highest, how much you already know about human reproduction and development.

Correct Answer
1
2
3
4

Explanation
The given answer is "1,2,3,4". This suggests that the question is asking the respondent to rate their knowledge about human reproduction and development on a scale of 1 to 4, with 1 being the lowest and 4 being the highest. The answer options range from 1 to 4, indicating that the respondent can choose any number that corresponds to their perceived level of knowledge on the topic.

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4
12.

Rate, on a scale of 1 – 4, 1 being the lowest and 4 being the highest, how interested are you in human reproduction and development.

Correct Answer
1
2
3
4

Explanation
The question asks the respondent to rate their interest in human reproduction and development on a scale of 1-4. The answer "1,2,3,4" suggests that the respondent is equally interested in all levels of interest, from the lowest (1) to the highest (4). This means that the respondent is open to learning and engaging with all aspects of human reproduction and development, regardless of the level of interest.

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4

Reproduction And Development Post-assessment (Grade 8)

Which reproductive adaptation is characteristic of most terrestrial vertebrates but not of most aquatic vertebrates (Standard 4.1 a)?

What would most likely result if mitosis was not accompanied by cytoplasmic division (Standard 4.1b)

Which diagram best represents oogenesis (egg formation) in humans (Standard 4.1c)?Diagram 1:Diagram 2:Diagram 3:Diagram 4:

Which process normally occurs at arrow B (Standard 4.1d)?

The follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is (Standard 4.1e):

After sperm is deposited inside a female, the pathway they follow to reach the egg is (Standard 4.1f):

In humans, what is the ratio of the number of gametes produced from one male primary sex cell to the number of gametes produced from one female primary sex cell (Standard 4.1g)?

Identical twins may develop as a result of fertilization of (Standard 4.1h):

The diagrams below represent various processes associated with reproduction. Asexual reproduction is represented by (Standard 2.1d):

What makes stem cells different from other cells in the body?

Rate, on a scale of 1 – 4, 1 being the lowest and 4 being the highest, how much you already know about human reproduction and development.

Rate, on a scale of 1 – 4, 1 being the lowest and 4 being the highest, how interested are you in human reproduction and development.