Quiz #5 Additional Recording Sites And Other Procedures P68-129

1. Oxygen saturation monitoring may be used in which of the following:

Anterior procedures of the lumbar spine

Anterior lumbar discectomies

Disc Replacement surgery

All of the above

None of the above

Oxygen saturation monitoring is a technique used to measure the percentage of oxygen in the blood. It is important in surgeries that involve the lumbar spine, such as anterior procedures and discectomies, as well as disc replacement surgeries. Monitoring oxygen saturation during these procedures helps ensure that the patient is receiving enough oxygen and can alert the medical team to any potential complications or issues with oxygen levels. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above."

Explanation

Oxygen saturation monitoring is a technique used to measure the percentage of oxygen in the blood. It is important in surgeries that involve the lumbar spine, such as anterior procedures and discectomies, as well as disc replacement surgeries. Monitoring oxygen saturation during these procedures helps ensure that the patient is receiving enough oxygen and can alert the medical team to any potential complications or issues with oxygen levels. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above."

2. Benzodiazepines are intravenous anesthetic agents often used in pre-op to "take the edge off."

True

False

Benzodiazepines are commonly used as intravenous anesthetic agents before surgical procedures to help patients relax and reduce anxiety. This statement is true because benzodiazepines are indeed used in pre-op settings to "take the edge off" and alleviate any nervousness or tension that patients may experience before undergoing surgery.

Explanation

Benzodiazepines are commonly used as intravenous anesthetic agents before surgical procedures to help patients relax and reduce anxiety. This statement is true because benzodiazepines are indeed used in pre-op settings to "take the edge off" and alleviate any nervousness or tension that patients may experience before undergoing surgery.

3. Large doses of brevital, a barbituate, can increase latency and decrease cortical amplitude.

True

False

Large doses of brevital, a barbiturate, can indeed increase latency and decrease cortical amplitude. Barbiturates like brevital are central nervous system depressants that slow down brain activity. When taken in large doses, they can significantly reduce the speed at which nerve signals travel, leading to increased latency. Additionally, they can also decrease the amplitude of cortical activity, resulting in a weaker and less pronounced brain wave pattern. Therefore, the statement "Large doses of brevital, a barbituate, can increase latency and decrease cortical amplitude" is true.

Explanation

Large doses of brevital, a barbiturate, can indeed increase latency and decrease cortical amplitude. Barbiturates like brevital are central nervous system depressants that slow down brain activity. When taken in large doses, they can significantly reduce the speed at which nerve signals travel, leading to increased latency. Additionally, they can also decrease the amplitude of cortical activity, resulting in a weaker and less pronounced brain wave pattern. Therefore, the statement "Large doses of brevital, a barbituate, can increase latency and decrease cortical amplitude" is true.

4. The auditory or VIII cranial nerve may be monitored with auditory inserts and cochlear electrodes.

True

False

The statement is true because the auditory or VIII cranial nerve can indeed be monitored using auditory inserts and cochlear electrodes. These tools are commonly used in medical procedures to assess the function of the auditory nerve and detect any abnormalities or hearing impairments. By measuring the electrical activity in the auditory nerve, healthcare professionals can gather valuable information about a patient's hearing abilities and make appropriate treatment recommendations.

Explanation

The statement is true because the auditory or VIII cranial nerve can indeed be monitored using auditory inserts and cochlear electrodes. These tools are commonly used in medical procedures to assess the function of the auditory nerve and detect any abnormalities or hearing impairments. By measuring the electrical activity in the auditory nerve, healthcare professionals can gather valuable information about a patient's hearing abilities and make appropriate treatment recommendations.

5. Placement of electrodes over the Achilles tendon may be used for what type of study?

Bone threshold studies for pedicle screw placement

Bone density testing

H-Wave to the gastrocnemius nerve conduction study

Oxygen saturation monitoring

The placement of electrodes over the Achilles tendon may be used for an H-Wave to the gastrocnemius nerve conduction study. This type of study involves measuring the conduction of electrical signals along the gastrocnemius nerve in the calf muscle. The Achilles tendon is located near the gastrocnemius muscle and is commonly used as a reference point for electrode placement in this study. By measuring the conduction of nerve signals, this study can help evaluate the function and integrity of the gastrocnemius nerve and identify any abnormalities or damage.

Explanation

The placement of electrodes over the Achilles tendon may be used for an H-Wave to the gastrocnemius nerve conduction study. This type of study involves measuring the conduction of electrical signals along the gastrocnemius nerve in the calf muscle. The Achilles tendon is located near the gastrocnemius muscle and is commonly used as a reference point for electrode placement in this study. By measuring the conduction of nerve signals, this study can help evaluate the function and integrity of the gastrocnemius nerve and identify any abnormalities or damage.

6. Innervation for the Obliquus Externus Abdominis is the ventral rami of the lower six thoracic nerves.

True

False

The innervation for the Obliquus Externus Abdominis is provided by the ventral rami of the lower six thoracic nerves. This means that the lower six thoracic nerves send branches to supply motor and sensory fibers to the Obliquus Externus Abdominis muscle. Therefore, the statement is true.

Explanation

The innervation for the Obliquus Externus Abdominis is provided by the ventral rami of the lower six thoracic nerves. This means that the lower six thoracic nerves send branches to supply motor and sensory fibers to the Obliquus Externus Abdominis muscle. Therefore, the statement is true.

7. Bone threshold studies are accomplished by stimulating the lamina next to the pedicle until a triggered response is achieved. In which of the following scenarios might this procedure be used?

To evaluate bone density

Before stimulating implants to determine the intensity of a triggered EMG response.

To assist with pedicle placement adjacent to the lamina

All of the above

This procedure might be used in all of the above scenarios. Bone threshold studies are performed to evaluate bone density, determine the intensity of a triggered EMG response before stimulating implants, and assist with pedicle placement adjacent to the lamina.

Explanation

This procedure might be used in all of the above scenarios. Bone threshold studies are performed to evaluate bone density, determine the intensity of a triggered EMG response before stimulating implants, and assist with pedicle placement adjacent to the lamina.

8. A brainstem auditory evoked potential procedure can be used for all of the following scenarios except:

To monitor the VIII cranial nerve during acoustic neuroma surgery

To monitor the VIII cranial nerve during craniotomies

To monitor the VIII cranial nerve during the removal of brainstem lesions.

To monitor patients who have no preoperative hearing function

A patient must be able to hear because an auditory evolked potential is accomplished by using stimulation to the nerve via rarefaction, condensation and/or alternating stimuli with masking of the contralateral ear with white noise which would not be perceived by a nonhearing patient.

Explanation

A patient must be able to hear because an auditory evolked potential is accomplished by using stimulation to the nerve via rarefaction, condensation and/or alternating stimuli with masking of the contralateral ear with white noise which would not be perceived by a nonhearing patient.

9. Muscle relaxants can cause which of the following:

Temporary paralyis

Enhances the exposure

Facilitates intubation

All of the above

None of the above

Muscle relaxants can cause temporary paralysis, enhance exposure, and facilitate intubation. Temporary paralysis is a common effect of muscle relaxants, as they work by blocking the signals between the nerves and muscles, leading to muscle relaxation and temporary loss of movement. Muscle relaxation also enhances exposure during surgical procedures, allowing better access to the surgical site. Additionally, muscle relaxants can facilitate intubation by relaxing the muscles in the airway, making it easier to insert a breathing tube. Therefore, all of the given options are correct.

Explanation

Muscle relaxants can cause temporary paralysis, enhance exposure, and facilitate intubation. Temporary paralysis is a common effect of muscle relaxants, as they work by blocking the signals between the nerves and muscles, leading to muscle relaxation and temporary loss of movement. Muscle relaxation also enhances exposure during surgical procedures, allowing better access to the surgical site. Additionally, muscle relaxants can facilitate intubation by relaxing the muscles in the airway, making it easier to insert a breathing tube. Therefore, all of the given options are correct.

10. Which cranial nerve is not monitored during cranial surgery?

Cranial Nerve X, Vagus

Cranial Nerve VII, Facial

Cranial Nerve II, Optic

Cranial Nerve I, Olfactory

The olfactory nerve is related to smell and can only be tested when the patient is awake.

Explanation

The olfactory nerve is related to smell and can only be tested when the patient is awake.

11. What muscle group flexes the ankle joint?

The Vastus Lateralis

The Vastus Medialis

The Tibialis Anterior

The Extensor Hallucis Longus

The Tibialis Anterior is the correct answer because it is the muscle responsible for flexing the ankle joint. It is located on the front of the lower leg and helps to lift the foot upwards and towards the body. This muscle is important for activities such as walking, running, and jumping, as it helps to control the movement of the ankle joint.

Explanation

The Tibialis Anterior is the correct answer because it is the muscle responsible for flexing the ankle joint. It is located on the front of the lower leg and helps to lift the foot upwards and towards the body. This muscle is important for activities such as walking, running, and jumping, as it helps to control the movement of the ankle joint.

12. To determine if a neuromuscular blockade has worn off, the IOM technician may rely on information from all of the following EXCEPT:

EMG response testing

Train of four

Finger twitch response

Toe twitch response

The IOM technician may rely on information from the train of four, finger twitch response, and toe twitch response to determine if a neuromuscular blockade has worn off. EMG response testing is not used for this purpose. EMG response testing measures the electrical activity of muscles and is typically used to diagnose nerve and muscle disorders, rather than to assess the level of neuromuscular blockade.

Explanation

The IOM technician may rely on information from the train of four, finger twitch response, and toe twitch response to determine if a neuromuscular blockade has worn off. EMG response testing is not used for this purpose. EMG response testing measures the electrical activity of muscles and is typically used to diagnose nerve and muscle disorders, rather than to assess the level of neuromuscular blockade.

13. Alfenta, Fentanyl, and Sufenta are narcotics that have no effecton EMGs or MEPs.

True

False

The statement is true because narcotics like Alfenta, Fentanyl, and Sufenta do not have any effect on EMGs (electromyograms) or MEPs (motor evoked potentials). EMGs are used to measure the electrical activity of muscles, while MEPs are used to assess the function of the motor pathways in the brain and spinal cord. Narcotics primarily act on the central nervous system to relieve pain and do not directly affect muscle activity or motor pathways.

Explanation

The statement is true because narcotics like Alfenta, Fentanyl, and Sufenta do not have any effect on EMGs (electromyograms) or MEPs (motor evoked potentials). EMGs are used to measure the electrical activity of muscles, while MEPs are used to assess the function of the motor pathways in the brain and spinal cord. Narcotics primarily act on the central nervous system to relieve pain and do not directly affect muscle activity or motor pathways.

14. The cricoid cartilage is involved in speech.

True

False

The cricoid cartilage is a ring-shaped structure located at the base of the larynx. It plays a crucial role in speech production by providing support and stability to the vocal cords. The vocal cords, which are stretched across the larynx, vibrate to produce sound when air passes through them. The cricoid cartilage helps maintain the tension and position of the vocal cords, allowing for the production of different pitches and tones during speech. Therefore, it is correct to say that the cricoid cartilage is involved in speech.

Explanation

The cricoid cartilage is a ring-shaped structure located at the base of the larynx. It plays a crucial role in speech production by providing support and stability to the vocal cords. The vocal cords, which are stretched across the larynx, vibrate to produce sound when air passes through them. The cricoid cartilage helps maintain the tension and position of the vocal cords, allowing for the production of different pitches and tones during speech. Therefore, it is correct to say that the cricoid cartilage is involved in speech.

15. Which muscle or muscles elevate the mandible to close the mouth?

The Masseter

The Temporalis

The Orbicularis Oris

A & B above

The correct answer is A & B above. Both the Masseter and Temporalis muscles are responsible for elevating the mandible to close the mouth. The Masseter muscle is the primary muscle involved in the closing of the jaw, while the Temporalis muscle also contributes to this movement. The Orbicularis Oris muscle, on the other hand, is responsible for closing and puckering the lips, not for elevating the mandible.

Explanation

The correct answer is A & B above. Both the Masseter and Temporalis muscles are responsible for elevating the mandible to close the mouth. The Masseter muscle is the primary muscle involved in the closing of the jaw, while the Temporalis muscle also contributes to this movement. The Orbicularis Oris muscle, on the other hand, is responsible for closing and puckering the lips, not for elevating the mandible.

16. An alveolar concentration of an inhalation agent is defined as the concentration of vapor in the lungs needed to prevent movement in what percentage of subjects?

25 percent

50 percent

75 percent

100 percent

This is also sometimes called the mean alveolar concentration (MAC).

Explanation

This is also sometimes called the mean alveolar concentration (MAC).

17. What muscle group everts and plantar flexes the foot?

The Abductor Hallucis

The Peroneus Longus

The Flexor Digitorum Brevis

The Tibial Anterior

The Peroneus Longus is the correct answer because it is a muscle that is responsible for eversion and plantar flexion of the foot. Eversion refers to the movement of the foot turning outward, away from the midline of the body, while plantar flexion refers to the movement of pointing the foot downwards. The Peroneus Longus muscle runs along the outer side of the lower leg and connects to the foot, allowing it to perform these movements.

Explanation

The Peroneus Longus is the correct answer because it is a muscle that is responsible for eversion and plantar flexion of the foot. Eversion refers to the movement of the foot turning outward, away from the midline of the body, while plantar flexion refers to the movement of pointing the foot downwards. The Peroneus Longus muscle runs along the outer side of the lower leg and connects to the foot, allowing it to perform these movements.