Pvhs Western Civilization Final

1. Renaissance was an age in which artistic, social, scientific, and political thought turned in new directions.

True

False

The statement is true because the Renaissance was indeed a period of significant change and innovation in various fields. During this time, there was a renewed interest in classical art and literature, leading to the creation of masterpieces by artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. Additionally, new scientific discoveries and advancements were made, challenging traditional beliefs and paving the way for modern scientific thought. The Renaissance also saw the rise of humanism, a philosophical movement that emphasized the importance of individualism and secularism, thereby influencing political and social thought.

Explanation

The statement is true because the Renaissance was indeed a period of significant change and innovation in various fields. During this time, there was a renewed interest in classical art and literature, leading to the creation of masterpieces by artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. Additionally, new scientific discoveries and advancements were made, challenging traditional beliefs and paving the way for modern scientific thought. The Renaissance also saw the rise of humanism, a philosophical movement that emphasized the importance of individualism and secularism, thereby influencing political and social thought.

2. Tools developed in the Middle Ages for exploration continued to be used during the Renaissance.

True

False

During the Renaissance, many tools that were developed in the Middle Ages for exploration were still used. This is because the Renaissance period built upon the knowledge and advancements made in the previous era. Explorers and scientists continued to rely on tools such as astrolabes, compasses, and improved maps to navigate and explore new territories. These tools were essential for the exploration and expansion of knowledge during the Renaissance. Therefore, the statement that tools developed in the Middle Ages for exploration continued to be used during the Renaissance is true.

Explanation

During the Renaissance, many tools that were developed in the Middle Ages for exploration were still used. This is because the Renaissance period built upon the knowledge and advancements made in the previous era. Explorers and scientists continued to rely on tools such as astrolabes, compasses, and improved maps to navigate and explore new territories. These tools were essential for the exploration and expansion of knowledge during the Renaissance. Therefore, the statement that tools developed in the Middle Ages for exploration continued to be used during the Renaissance is true.

3. The population decrease caused by the plague led to an economic depression.

True

False

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4. During the era known by this name, Europe emerged from the economic stagnation of the Middle Ages and experienced a time of financial growth.

True

False

During the Renaissance, Europe witnessed a significant shift from the economic stagnation of the Middle Ages to a period of remarkable financial growth. This period was characterized by advancements in trade, exploration, and the rise of banking systems. The flourishing economy during this era fueled the development of art, literature, and science, making it a time of great cultural and intellectual progress. Therefore, the statement "True" accurately reflects the historical context of the Renaissance.

Explanation

During the Renaissance, Europe witnessed a significant shift from the economic stagnation of the Middle Ages to a period of remarkable financial growth. This period was characterized by advancements in trade, exploration, and the rise of banking systems. The flourishing economy during this era fueled the development of art, literature, and science, making it a time of great cultural and intellectual progress. Therefore, the statement "True" accurately reflects the historical context of the Renaissance.

5. "Renaissance," French for "______," perfectly describes the intellectual and economic changes that occurred in Europe from the fourteenth through the sixteenth centuries.

Rebirth

New age

Old days

The term "Renaissance" in French means "rebirth," which accurately captures the essence of the intellectual and economic transformations that took place in Europe during the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries. This period marked a revival of interest in classical learning, arts, and sciences, as well as significant advancements in trade, commerce, and exploration. The term "new age" does not convey the historical context of this period, and "old days" does not capture the sense of renewal and progress that characterized the Renaissance.

Explanation

The term "Renaissance" in French means "rebirth," which accurately captures the essence of the intellectual and economic transformations that took place in Europe during the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries. This period marked a revival of interest in classical learning, arts, and sciences, as well as significant advancements in trade, commerce, and exploration. The term "new age" does not convey the historical context of this period, and "old days" does not capture the sense of renewal and progress that characterized the Renaissance.

6. Renaissance, The Humanist Philosophy: The secular, humanist idea held that the church should not rule civic matters, but should guide only spiritual matters.

True

False

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7. Renaissance Explorers: Spaniard Hernando Cortez discovered an abundance of gold among the _______in what is now known as Mexico.

Mayans

Aztecs

Inuets

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8. In______, a trip to the East, made by sailing westward around the world, brought Columbus to the New World--lands known today as the Americas.

1490

1491

1492

1493

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9. Rural peasants worked from sunup to sundown, but even the nobles had few creature comforts.

True

False

The statement suggests that both rural peasants and nobles had to work long hours, with peasants working from sunup to sundown. It also implies that despite their higher social status, nobles did not have many luxuries or comforts. Therefore, the statement is true as it indicates the challenging and labor-intensive lifestyle of both peasants and nobles during that time period.

Explanation

The statement suggests that both rural peasants and nobles had to work long hours, with peasants working from sunup to sundown. It also implies that despite their higher social status, nobles did not have many luxuries or comforts. Therefore, the statement is true as it indicates the challenging and labor-intensive lifestyle of both peasants and nobles during that time period.

10. Renaissance, Printing and Thinking: When Gutenberg invented the printing press in ______, he forever changed the lives of people in Europe and, eventually, all over the world.

1445

1446

1447

1448

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11. Renaissance, Printing and Thinking: Most books had been written in _____, considered the language of scholarship.

Greek

Latin

Aramaic

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12. Renaissance, The Humanist Philosophy: On __________ 31, 1517, he went to his church in the town of Wittenburg, Germany, and posted a list of things that worried him about the church.

September

October

November

December

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13. The Renaissance sailor first took to the seas to supply Europeans with the many Asian spices they demanded.

True

False

During the Renaissance period, there was a high demand for Asian spices in Europe. To meet this demand, sailors embarked on voyages to explore new trade routes and establish direct contact with Asian spice suppliers. These voyages eventually led to the Age of Exploration. Therefore, it is true that the Renaissance sailor first took to the seas to supply Europeans with the many Asian spices they demanded.

Explanation

During the Renaissance period, there was a high demand for Asian spices in Europe. To meet this demand, sailors embarked on voyages to explore new trade routes and establish direct contact with Asian spice suppliers. These voyages eventually led to the Age of Exploration. Therefore, it is true that the Renaissance sailor first took to the seas to supply Europeans with the many Asian spices they demanded.

14. With the help of mathematicians, astronomers, cartographers, and other navigators, Prince Henry sent expeditions to explore the west coast of Africa. These explorations led to trade for _____ and ivory and, soon after, slaves. Later, Portuguese sailors discovered the route around the southern tip of Africa that would take them to India entirely by sea.

Gold

Silver

Platinum

Copper

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15. Renaissance, Focus on Florence: In _____ the city had a population of 60,000 and was a self-governed, independent city-state.

1422

1423

1424

1425

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16. Renaissance, The New Middle: ClassMany _______coastal cities became centers for trade and commerce, and for the wealth and education that ensued.

Persian

Russian

Scottish

Italian

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17. Renaissance, Printing and Thinking: Often the copying had been done onto parchment, ________ ________ that had been scraped until it was clean, smooth, and thin.

Tree bark

Animal skin

Bamboo shoots

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18. During the late Middle Ages and early Renaissance (1350-1450) the bubonic plague, also called the "Black Death," devastated _____ _____ of the population of Europe.

One third

Two thirds

One half

One fourth

During the late Middle Ages and early Renaissance, the bubonic plague, known as the "Black Death," had a devastating impact on the population of Europe. The correct answer is "one half" because the plague caused a mortality rate of approximately 50%. This means that half of the population in Europe perished due to the outbreak of the bubonic plague during this time period.

Explanation

During the late Middle Ages and early Renaissance, the bubonic plague, known as the "Black Death," had a devastating impact on the population of Europe. The correct answer is "one half" because the plague caused a mortality rate of approximately 50%. This means that half of the population in Europe perished due to the outbreak of the bubonic plague during this time period.

19. Columbus had originally set out to find an all-water route to the East Indies; when he spotted the Americas, he believed he had reached his intended destination. It was ___ years before Europeans realized that he had found a new land.

Nine

Ten

Eleven

Twelve

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20. Renaissance, Florentine art and architecture: Arnolfo di Cambio began the building in a Gothic style in ______.

1292

1293

1294

1295

Arnolfo di Cambio began the building in a Gothic style in 1294.

Explanation

Arnolfo di Cambio began the building in a Gothic style in 1294.

21. Renaissance, Exploration and Trade: By measuring the distance of the sun and stars above the horizon, the astrolabe helped determine_________, an important tool in navigation.

Longitude

Latitude

Distance

Elevation

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22. Renaissance, Printing and Thinking: In the Middle Ages, books had been costly and education rare; only the _______ had been regular readers and owners of books.

Clergy

Kings

Theologists

Scientists

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23. Renaissance, Florentine art and architecture: In _____, architect Filippo Brunelleschi received a commission to build the dome.

1418

1419

1420

1421

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24. Renaissance, Printing and Thinking: To study the classics, humanists learned to read Greek and ancient Latin, and they sought out manuscripts that had lain undisturbed for nearly ____ years.

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

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25. The magnetic compass was invented during the Renaissance age

True

False

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26. In the feudal structure of the Middle Ages, the peasants who lived in the country provided the king with protection in exchange for land.

True

False

In the feudal structure of the Middle Ages, it was actually the knights or vassals who provided the king with protection in exchange for land, not the peasants. The peasants, also known as serfs, were tied to the land and provided labor and other services to the lord of the manor in exchange for protection and the right to live on the land.

Explanation

In the feudal structure of the Middle Ages, it was actually the knights or vassals who provided the king with protection in exchange for land, not the peasants. The peasants, also known as serfs, were tied to the land and provided labor and other services to the lord of the manor in exchange for protection and the right to live on the land.

27. In feudal cities, where there was a large middle-class population, life was a little easier and individuals had the freedom to pursue whatever trade or industry they liked.

True

False

In feudal cities, life was not easier and individuals did not have the freedom to pursue whatever trade or industry they liked. Feudalism was characterized by a strict social hierarchy, with the ruling class holding most of the power and wealth. The middle class, while existing in feudal cities, still faced many restrictions and limitations on their activities. They were often subject to the control and demands of the ruling class, and their choices of trade or industry were often determined by their social status and obligations within the feudal system.

Explanation

In feudal cities, life was not easier and individuals did not have the freedom to pursue whatever trade or industry they liked. Feudalism was characterized by a strict social hierarchy, with the ruling class holding most of the power and wealth. The middle class, while existing in feudal cities, still faced many restrictions and limitations on their activities. They were often subject to the control and demands of the ruling class, and their choices of trade or industry were often determined by their social status and obligations within the feudal system.

28. Renaissance, Florentine Life: Savonarola was successful in convincing many Florentines to return to a more spiritual way of life. However, his condemnation of church abuses of wealth led to his downfall. The Pope restricted Savonarola from preaching; when he continued to do so, he was excommunicated. Soon after, Florentines turned against him for what they saw as his role in an unfavorable political climate. He was publicly executed in______.

1498

1499

1500

1501

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