Pulmonary Tuberculosis Stokke N180

The symptoms described, including a non-productive cough, fever, fatigue, and night sweats, can be indicative of a potential TB infection. While TB typically presents with a productive cough, it is possible for it to manifest as a non-productive cough as well. However, a definitive diagnosis cannot be made without further testing, such as a PPD test. Therefore, considering the symptoms and the need for additional testing, the correct answer is that a PPD test is necessary to diagnose a potential TB infection.

Primary TB refers to the first time exposure to the TB bacterium through inhalation. It is the initial infection that occurs when a person inhales the bacteria into their lungs. This infection can either progress to become progressive primary TB or remain dormant in the body. Secondary TB, on the other hand, refers to the reactivation of a previously dormant TB infection. Therefore, Primary TB is the correct answer in this context.

When being treated for TB, patients need to understand that the therapy is usually long-term and they must continue taking their medications until instructed by the doctor to stop. This is important because TB treatment requires a specific duration of antibiotics to effectively eliminate the infection. Stopping medication prematurely can lead to treatment failure, drug resistance, and the risk of spreading the disease to others. Therefore, it is crucial for patients to adhere to the prescribed treatment regimen and refill their medications as needed until they receive clearance from their doctor.

The correct answer is private laminar airflow room, special masks, sometimes a gown, and gloves. This answer describes the precautions for tuberculosis (TB) in a hospital setting. TB is an airborne disease, so a private room with laminar airflow is necessary to prevent the spread of the infection to other patients. Special masks, such as N95 respirators, are required to protect healthcare workers from inhaling the TB bacteria. Sometimes, a gown and gloves may also be necessary to provide additional protection.

Because TB is a small bacteria, it will stay airborne longer.

Most people infected with TB have an inactive form of the disease.

After treatment, the risk of being infectious gradually decreases over a period of time. It takes approximately 2-3 weeks for the infectiousness to significantly decrease. This means that after this time frame, the chances of transmitting the infection to others decrease, providing a safer environment for individuals in contact with the treated person.

Calling the department ahead of time allows them to prepare for the potentially infected TB patient. This includes taking necessary precautions, such as isolating the patient, ensuring appropriate protective gear is available, and informing staff members about the situation. By doing so, the department can minimize the risk of transmission and provide the best care for the patient while maintaining the safety of others.

Sputum culture is a laboratory test used to detect the presence of bacteria in the sputum sample. The Petri dish is a common tool used in this process. The given answer, "2-3 weeks," suggests that it takes approximately 2-3 weeks for the bacteria in the sputum sample to grow and become visible in the Petri dish. This duration is necessary to allow the bacteria to multiply and form colonies that can be identified and analyzed by the laboratory technician.

Secondary TB refers to the reinfection of a primary lesion. This means that a person who has already had TB in the past and has been successfully treated can get infected again with the bacteria. In this case, the infection occurs when the bacteria from the primary lesion, which had been dormant or inactive, becomes active again and causes symptoms of TB. This can happen due to a weakened immune system or other factors that allow the bacteria to reactivate. It is important to note that secondary TB is not acquired through any other exposure than airborne or through body fluids.

TB (Tuberculosis) is a highly contagious bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs. It is transmitted through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. However, not everyone infected with TB becomes symptomatic or develops active TB disease. In some cases, the immune system is able to control the infection, leading to latent TB, where the person is not contagious. Therefore, it is true that TB is not contagious unless the infected person is symptomatic.

When exposed to TB, most people develop a latent infection in which the immune system prevents it from spreading and is NOT contagious. This means that although the TB bacteria may be present in the body, they are inactive and cannot be transmitted to others. The immune system effectively controls the infection, keeping it in check and preventing it from causing active disease or spreading to others.

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Ethambutol, Rifampin, Pyrazinamide, and Isoniazid (INH) are all antibiotics that are specifically used for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Ethambutol is used in combination with other drugs to treat TB, while Rifampin, Pyrazinamide, and Isoniazid (INH) are commonly used in the standard TB treatment regimen known as "RIPE therapy." These antibiotics work together to effectively kill the TB bacteria and prevent the development of drug resistance. Streptomycin, on the other hand, is not typically used as a first-line treatment for TB and is more commonly used for other bacterial infections.

When a patient is taking Ethambutol to treat TB, it is important for the nurse to perform optic screening throughout therapy and alert the patient to the possible side effect of optic neuritis, a decrease in acuity in vision, and red/green color indiscrimination problems. Ethambutol has the potential to cause optic neuritis, which can lead to visual disturbances. Therefore, regular screening is necessary to monitor any changes in the patient's vision. Additionally, informing the patient about these possible side effects allows them to report any visual changes promptly for further evaluation.

Risk factors for TB include advanced age, immunocompromised individuals, crowded living conditions, and travel outside the U.S. ONLY to 3rd world countries. These factors increase the likelihood of exposure to the TB bacteria or weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to developing TB. Young age and recent respiratory illness are not listed as risk factors for TB in this question.

When a patient is taking Rifampin to treat TB, it is important that the nurse alerts the patient to the possible side effect of orange body secretions, especially urine. This is because Rifampin can cause discoloration of bodily fluids, which can be alarming to the patient if they are not informed beforehand. Additionally, the nurse should monitor liver function tests (LFTs) because Rifampin has the potential to cause hepatotoxicity, or liver damage. By monitoring LFTs, the nurse can identify any abnormalities and take appropriate action.

When a patient is taking Streptomycin to treat TB, it is important for the nurse to perform hearing screening prior to and during therapy because ototoxicity is a potential side effect of the medication. The nurse should also encourage fluid intake due to possible nephrotoxicity and monitor renal function labs to assess for any kidney damage. These actions will help ensure the safety and well-being of the patient during the course of treatment.

When a patient is taking Isoniazid (INH) to treat TB, it is important for the nurse to monitor liver function tests (LFTs) because INH can cause hepatotoxicity. It should be given to the patient before eating because it needs to be taken on an empty stomach for optimal absorption. Vitamin B6 should be given along with INH as it can prevent hepatotoxicity specifically with this medication.

When a patient is taking Pyrazinamide to treat TB, it is important for the nurse to monitor liver function tests (LFTs) because the medication can potentially cause hepatotoxicity. The nurse should also contact the doctor if the patient experiences gout or joint pain, as this could be a side effect of increased uric acid levels. Additionally, if the patient becomes jaundiced, it is important to notify the doctor as this could indicate liver dysfunction. These actions are necessary to ensure the patient's safety and to address any potential complications associated with Pyrazinamide therapy.