Psychology Quiz: Intelligence

The correct answer is both B and C. Ravens progressive matrices measure nonverbal reasoning, which refers to the ability to solve problems and think logically without the use of language. This type of intelligence is not affected by cultural or educational background, making it unlikely to be culturally biased. Therefore, both points B and C are major aspects of Ravens progressive matrices.

The statement suggests that all people are not born equal, except in the case of twins. This implies that twins share a unique bond and are born at the same time, making them equal in terms of birth. Therefore, twins are an exception to the notion that not all people are born equal.

The correct answer is dizygotic. Fraternal twins are dizygotic, meaning that they develop from two separate eggs fertilized by two different sperm. This results in twins who are genetically similar to siblings, sharing about 50% of their genetic material. In contrast, monozygotic twins, also known as identical twins, develop from a single fertilized egg that splits into two embryos.

Fluid intelligence refers to the ability to think and reason flexibly in real-time, without relying on prior knowledge or past experiences. It involves the capacity to solve problems, adapt to new situations, and process information quickly. This type of intelligence is focused on the present moment and does not rely on memories from the past.

Henry Goddard did all of the above. He tested American families and claimed that those who did not do well on the tests were responsible for the nation's problems. He also administered intelligence tests to arriving immigrants from Ellis Island. Additionally, he suggested segregation into isolated colonies for those who did not score well on the tests.

Alfred Binet used testing to sort out children for necessary remedial problems and believed that all social classes should be educated.

The intelligence quotient (IQ) is a measure of a child's mental age compared to their physical age. It assesses a child's cognitive abilities and intellectual potential by comparing their performance on standardized tests to that of other children in the same age group. The IQ score indicates how a child's mental abilities compare to those of their peers, regardless of their chronological age.

Intelligence tends to decrease over the lifespan and increase over generations. This can be attributed to various factors such as cognitive decline with age, changes in brain structure and function, and the accumulation of knowledge and advancements over time. As individuals age, they may experience a decline in cognitive abilities such as memory, processing speed, and problem-solving skills. However, advancements in education, technology, and access to information contribute to the overall increase in intelligence across generations.

Williams syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the deletion of genes on chromosome 7. This deletion leads to various cognitive and physical symptoms, including difficulties in tasks such as tying shoes or performing simple arithmetic. However, individuals with Williams syndrome also tend to have exceptional abilities in speech and music, making them gifted in these areas. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above" as it encompasses the different aspects of Williams syndrome.

Alzheimer's affects fluid intelligence. Fluid intelligence refers to the ability to think abstractly, solve problems, and adapt to new situations. It involves skills such as reasoning, pattern recognition, and logical thinking. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disorder that primarily affects cognitive functions, including memory, attention, and problem-solving abilities. As the disease progresses, individuals with Alzheimer's experience a decline in their fluid intelligence, making it difficult for them to perform complex mental tasks and adapt to new situations.

A deviation IQ is a statistic that is obtained by dividing a person's test score by the average test score of people in the same age group and then multiplying the quotient by 100. It is used to measure a person's intelligence relative to their peers in the same age group, taking into account the average performance of that age group. Therefore, the correct answer is deviation IQ.

SES, or socioeconomic status, is a better predictor than the ethnicity of a child's intelligence and performance. SES takes into account various factors such as income, education level, and occupation of the child's family, which have a significant impact on the child's opportunities and resources. It recognizes that children from different socioeconomic backgrounds may have different access to quality education, healthcare, and other resources that can influence their intelligence and performance. In contrast, ethnicity alone does not provide a comprehensive understanding of the child's socioeconomic circumstances and the potential disparities they may face.

The heritability coefficient is a statistic that measures the extent to which differences in people's scores can be attributed to their genetic makeup. It represents the proportion of the variation in scores that can be explained by genetic differences. It provides insight into the role of genetics in determining individual differences in a particular trait or characteristic.

Intelligence tests were fraud and disgrace used to rationalize prejudice. This means that intelligence tests were manipulated and used as a means to justify and support prejudiced beliefs and discrimination. The tests were likely designed in a biased manner, favoring certain groups over others, in order to provide a false justification for discriminatory actions and attitudes. This highlights the unethical nature of using intelligence tests to perpetuate prejudice and discrimination.

Binet and Simon's test was a measure of aptitude, which refers to a person's natural ability or potential to learn and perform well in certain areas. This test aimed to assess individuals' cognitive abilities, such as problem-solving, reasoning, and memory, to determine their level of intellectual aptitude. By measuring aptitude, the test provided insights into a person's innate intelligence and their potential for future learning and success.