Psych 001 Chapter 11 Final
.
- 1._______ refers to the overall manner in which a person thinks, behaves and feels.
- A.
Motivation
- B.
Emotion
- C.
Personality
- D.
An external locus of control
- 2.According to Freud, the most important and influential level of awareness is the:
- A.
Preconscious
- B.
Conscience
- C.
Conscious
- D.
Unconscious
- 3.Information to answer the question "What color is your vehicle?" would be located in ______ according to the psychoanalytic theory.
- A.
The preconscious
- B.
The superego
- C.
The unconscious
- D.
The ego
- 4.In psychoanalytic theory, since the _______ is the rational part of the personality, it sometimes plays referee between the wishes of the _______ and the _______.
- A.
Superego; id; ego
- B.
Ego; id; superego
- C.
Id; superego; ego
- D.
Unconscious; id; ego ideal
- 5.Sixteen-year-old Evan is referred to as a perfectionist by his friends and family. Neither his parents nor his teachers put pressure on him because they all know Evan seems to be the most critical of himself. According to Freud, Evan likely
- A.
Has a fixation that occurred during the oral stage
- B.
Has a strong id
- C.
Has yet to resolve the Oedipus complex
- D.
Has a strong superego
- 6.Strategies used by the ego to help reduce the anxiety caused by too much conflict between the id and superego are called
- A.
Defense mechanisms
- B.
Fixations
- C.
The psychosexual stages
- D.
Archetypes
- 7."No girls allowed," "boys have cooties," "yuck, they're kissing!" are all comments typical of children in the _______ stage of psychosexual development.
- A.
Oral
- B.
Latency
- C.
Phallic
- D.
Genital
- 8.In Jung's theory, the inherited part of the personality that stores the universal experiences of mankind is the:
- A.
Universal unconscious
- B.
Impersonal unconscious
- C.
Collective unconscious
- D.
Personal unconscious
- 9.Alfred Adler's theory is called _______ because of the emphasis on the wholeness of the person.
- A.
Analytical psychology
- B.
Individual psychology
- C.
Neurotic psychology
- D.
Holistic psychology
- 10.All of the following are true of Karen Horney EXCEPT
- A.
She rejected the idea that early experiences played a role in later personality development
- B.
She felt that personality developed over a lifetime
- C.
She rejected the idea of penis envy
- D.
She believed that cultural and environmental variables were important in the development of personality.
- 11.The neurotic personality and feminine psychology were two of the main themes in the work of:
- A.
Marian Rotter
- B.
Alfred Adler
- C.
Karen Horney
- D.
Anna Freud
- 12.Which of the following is NOT a characteristic in self-actualizing individuals?
- A.
Effective personal relationships
- B.
Personal strife
- C.
Frequent peak experiences
- D.
Autonomy
- 13.The notion that "I'll feel warmly toward you and respect you ONLY IF..." suggests
- A.
Reciprocal determinism
- B.
A weak superego
- C.
Unconditional positive regard
- D.
Conditions of worth
- 14.Creating an environment where someone is accepted and not judged, no matter what, exemplifies
- A.
Unconditional positive regard
- B.
Reciprocal determinism
- C.
An internal locus of control
- D.
Conditions of worth
- 15.In humanistic theory, the innate tendency to strive to realize one's potential, or to be all one can be, is termed:
- A.
Self-aggrandizement
- B.
Self-actualization
- C.
Self-efficacy
- D.
Self-worth
- 16.Which psychologist believed that individuals often do not become fully functioning persons because, in childhood, they fail to receive unconditional positive regard from the parents?
- A.
Carl Rogers
- B.
Gordon Allport
- C.
Abraham Maslow
- D.
Hans Eysenck
- 17.Loukas is a researcher who has spent his career studying personality in terms of characteristics and descriptions that are stable across time. Loukas is likely a _______.
- A.
Neuropsychologist
- B.
Trait theorist
- C.
Psychiatrist
- D.
Humanistic psychologist
- 18.Which of the following is NOT considered one of the Big Five?
- A.
Extroversion
- B.
Conscientiousness
- C.
Neuroticism
- D.
Sociabillity
- 19.Shy and reserved fall within the ______ factor of the five-factor theory; outgoing and sociable describe the ______ factor of the five-factor theory
- A.
Extroversion; conscientiousness
- B.
Introversion; extroversion
- C.
Conscientiousness; neuroticism
- D.
Neuroticism; extroversion
- 20.Katrina and Carla are twin sisters of the fraternal type. They have different groups of friends, different interests, and different personalities. Katrina is described as oppositional, offensive, and unfriendly whereas Carla is described as warm, pleasant, and good-natured. These twins differ on the ______ factor of the five-factor model.
- A.
Conscientiousness
- B.
Openness to experience
- C.
Agreeableness
- D.
Neuroticism
- 21.Albert Bandura proposed that personality results from an interaction of personal factors, like attitudes and cognitions, with environmental situations. Bandura called this interaction:
- A.
Reciprocal determinism
- B.
Self-efficacy determination
- C.
Openness to experience
- D.
Nature-nurture integration
- 22.Sixteen-year-old Enzo is involved in many activities at school, plays sports, and gets good grades. His parents report that he has been this way since he was little. Enzo reports having confidence in himself and his abilities. Conseequently, he tends to set higher and higher goals for himself and works diligently to achieve them. Enzo likely has
- A.
A low degree of self-efficacy
- B.
An external locus of control
- C.
A strong id
- D.
A high degree of self-efficacy
- 23.Merrisa believes that getting a good job after college is all about the connections someone has in addition to being at the right place at the right time. Merrisa also believes that if a person doesn't get the job he/she wants, it just was not meant to be. Merrisa is demonstrating
- A.
An internal locus of control
- B.
An external locus of control
- C.
Unconditional positive regard
- D.
High self-efficacy
- 24.From a behavioral geneticist's viewpoint, which of the following is true regarding how an individual develops personality?
- A.
Adoption studies suggest that the personality factors of an individual are much more related to his/her adoptive parents than biological parents, especially if the individual was adopted at birth.
- B.
Identical twin studies make it very clear that our personality is only inherited and is based solely on our biological parents.
- C.
Research strongly suggests environment plays the largest role in the development of personality
- D.
The genes set the parameters of an individual's personality; the environment then may play a role in personality development within that genetically determined range.
- 25.Studies on personality and culture reveal which of the following?
- A.
Studies show that Guatemala and Equador have the highest degree of collectivism.
- B.
Research shows that the United States has the highest degree of collectivism.
- C.
According to personality research, Australia has the lowest degree of individualism.
- D.
Each culture has an equal degree of both individualism and collectivism.
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