Psyc 341 Quiz 3
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The view that memory is widely distributed throughout the brain as expressed by Squire, is illustrated by a rat's learning of a maze in which ________, ________ and ________ information is separately processed and localized. (Chapter 9).
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Organic, inorganic; conceptual
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Systematic, motor; contextual
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Operant, classical; conditional
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Neurological, neuro-cognitive; visual
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Visual, spatial; olfactory
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PSYC 341 Quiz 3 assesses understanding of memory functions, differences between procedural and declarative knowledge, effects of ECT, and cognitive processing influenced by sensory cues. Essential for students in cognitive psychology, enhancing comprehension of memory systems and cognitive impairments.
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- 2.
Amnesic patients show intact ________ knowledge but deficit ________ knowledge. (Chapter 9).
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Motor; visual
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Verbal; procedural
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Procedural; declarative
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Procedural; verbal
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Declarative; procedural
Correct Answer
A. Procedural; declarativeExplanation
Amnesic patients show intact procedural knowledge but deficit declarative knowledge. Procedural knowledge refers to the ability to perform certain tasks or skills, such as riding a bike or tying shoelaces, which is typically preserved in amnesic patients. On the other hand, declarative knowledge refers to the ability to recall facts and information, such as remembering names or events, which is impaired in amnesic patients. Therefore, the correct answer is procedural; declarative.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Declarative knowledge is knowing ________ while procedural knowledge is knowing ________. (Chapter 9).
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That; when
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How; that
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Where; when
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What; how
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When; what
Correct Answer
A. What; howExplanation
Declarative knowledge refers to knowing "what" something is or the facts and information about it, while procedural knowledge refers to knowing "how" to do something or the process and steps involved in it.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT) may result in: (Chapter 9)
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Retrograde amnesia
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epilepsy
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Emotional reality
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Increased memory ability
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Swelling of the hypothalamus
Correct Answer
A. epilepsyExplanation
ECT is a medical procedure that involves passing electric currents through the brain to induce seizures. It is primarily used to treat severe depression and other mental illnesses. One of the potential side effects of ECT is epilepsy, which is a neurological disorder characterized by recurring seizures. This suggests that ECT may lead to the development of epilepsy in some individuals as a result of the electrical stimulation applied during the procedure.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The syndrome of one who has a memory deficit caused by alcoholism is called: (Chapter 9).
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DIrect Travail
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Organically deficient
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Servilism
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Korsakoff
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Fieldism
Correct Answer
A. KorsakoffExplanation
Korsakoff syndrome is a memory disorder caused by alcoholism. It is characterized by severe memory impairment, especially in forming new memories. People with Korsakoff syndrome often have difficulty recalling recent events and may also confabulate or make up information to fill in gaps in their memory. This syndrome is caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1) which is common in chronic alcoholics due to poor nutrition and alcohol's interference with thiamine absorption.Rate this question:
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- 6.
If you are shown a red square as a prime, you are likely to recognize the word ________ faster than if you did not see the prime. (Chapter 9)
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BOOK
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BLUE
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BRASILIA
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BANK
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BLOOD
Correct Answer
A. BLOODExplanation
If you are shown a red square as a prime, it is likely to activate the concept of blood in your mind due to the color association. This activation of the concept of blood can lead to faster recognition of the word "BLOOD" compared to if you did not see the prime. The color red is often associated with blood, and this association can facilitate the retrieval of the word from memory.Rate this question:
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- 7.
From the Enard et al. article, the FOXP2 gene is one of the most conserved genes and is found in what species: (Check all that apply; worth 5 points
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Human
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Chimpanzees
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Mice
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Gorillas
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Orangutans
Correct Answer(s)
A. Human
A. Chimpanzees
A. Mice
A. Gorillas
A. OrangutansExplanation
The FOXP2 gene is found in human, chimpanzees, mice, gorillas, and orangutans according to the Enard et al. article. This suggests that the FOXP2 gene is conserved across these species, meaning it has remained relatively unchanged throughout evolution.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Hauser, Chomsky, and Fitch (2002) listed several organism-external and -internal factors that are related to the faculty of language (FLB and FLN). Check the systems that are included in this analysis: (see the text and Figure 2)
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Conceptual-intentional system
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Internal computational system
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Sensory-motor system
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Digestion system
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Circulation system
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Recursion
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Other possible systems
Correct Answer(s)
A. Conceptual-intentional system
A. Internal computational system
A. Sensory-motor system
A. Recursion
A. Other possible systemsExplanation
The given answer includes the systems that are included in the analysis conducted by Hauser, Chomsky, and Fitch (2002). These systems are the conceptual-intentional system, internal computational system, sensory-motor system, recursion, and other possible systems. The analysis likely focuses on how these systems are related to the faculty of language (FLB and FLN).Rate this question:
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- 9.
Speech sounds that do not involve the vibration of the vocal cords are classified as: (Chapter 11)
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Fircatives
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Morphemic
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Phonemic
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Unvoiced
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Stops
Correct Answer
A. UnvoicedExplanation
Unvoiced speech sounds are classified as those that do not involve the vibration of the vocal cords. This means that when producing these sounds, the vocal cords do not vibrate. Examples of unvoiced speech sounds include the sounds /s/, /f/, and /p/.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The study of language is considered important to cognitive psychology because (Chapter 11)
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The conceptual processes involved in language are common to many forms of human thinking and problem solving
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Language is the chief means of human communication
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The abstractions of language are thought to be basic to cognition
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All of the above
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None of the above
Correct Answer
A. All of the aboveExplanation
The study of language is considered important to cognitive psychology because the conceptual processes involved in language are common to many forms of human thinking and problem solving. Additionally, language is the chief means of human communication, and the abstractions of language are thought to be basic to cognition. Therefore, all of the above options are valid reasons for why the study of language is important to cognitive psychology.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Studies of electrical stimulation of the brain suggest that language tasks were: (Chapter 11)
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Localized
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Generalized
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Centered in the right hemisphere
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Localized in the reticular activation formation
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Common among aphasic patients
Correct Answer
A. LocalizedExplanation
The correct answer is "localized". This is because studies of electrical stimulation of the brain have shown that language tasks are specifically localized in certain areas of the brain. This means that there are specific regions in the brain that are responsible for language processing and production.Rate this question:
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- 12.
In one influential theory of comprehension (Kintsch) "top-down" processing is comparable to ________ while "bottom-up" processing is comparable to ________. (Chapter 11)
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Goal schema; text processing
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Reading; comprehension
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Comprehension; propositional processing
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Goal schema; story schema
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Comprehension; story schema
Correct Answer
A. Goal schema; text processingExplanation
In one influential theory of comprehension (Kintsch), "top-down" processing is comparable to goal schema, which refers to using prior knowledge, expectations, and goals to guide comprehension. On the other hand, "bottom-up" processing is comparable to text processing, which involves processing information directly from the text without relying on prior knowledge or expectations.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Linguistics is the study of language ____________: (Chapter 11)
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Processess
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Words and phrases
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Structure
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Development
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Abstractions
Correct Answer
A. StructureExplanation
Linguistics is the study of language structure. This means that linguists analyze and examine the rules and patterns that govern how languages are organized and constructed. They study the components of language such as syntax, morphology, and phonology to understand how words and sentences are formed and how they function within a specific language system. By studying language structure, linguists can gain insights into the universal properties of language and the ways in which different languages vary in their structures.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Wernicke's area of the brain involves: (Chapter 11)
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Language productions
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Vision
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Hearing
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Comprehension
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None of the above
Correct Answer
A. ComprehensionExplanation
Wernicke's area of the brain is responsible for language comprehension. It is located in the left hemisphere of the brain, typically in the posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus. Damage to this area can result in a condition known as Wernicke's aphasia, where individuals have difficulty understanding and producing coherent speech. Therefore, the correct answer is comprehension.Rate this question:
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- 15.
The concept of an "innate" language means that: (Chapter 11)
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Children can develop language without parents
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Even chimps have language
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A particular grammar system is innate
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Every normal person has the same language
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We have an innate scheme for processing information and forming abstract structures of our language
Correct Answer
A. We have an innate scheme for processing information and forming abstract structures of our languageExplanation
The concept of an "innate" language suggests that humans have a built-in ability to process information and create complex structures in language. This means that our brains are naturally wired to understand and use language in a sophisticated way, without the need for explicit instruction or learning from parents. It does not imply that every person has the same language or that even chimps have language. It simply means that there is a universal underlying system in our brains that allows us to acquire and use language.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Broca's area of the brain involves: (Chapter 11)
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Vision
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Hearing
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Language production
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Comprehension
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All of the above
Correct Answer
A. Language productionExplanation
Broca's area of the brain is responsible for language production. It is involved in the formation and articulation of speech. This area plays a crucial role in the ability to speak and produce coherent language. It is not directly involved in vision or hearing, although it may interact with other areas of the brain involved in these functions. Therefore, the correct answer is "language production."Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which of the following is not one of Chomsky's grammar principles? (chapter 11)
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Language is a generative system
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Language is a closed system
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The underlying structure contains elements common to all languages
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The underlying structures of language reflect innate organizing principles of cognition
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Language has an underlying structure related to the meaning of sentences
Correct Answer
A. Language is a closed systemExplanation
The correct answer is "language is a closed system." This is not one of Chomsky's grammar principles because Chomsky believed that language is a generative system, meaning that it can produce an infinite number of sentences. He also believed that the underlying structure of language reflects innate organizing principles of cognition and that there are elements common to all languages. Additionally, Chomsky argued that language has an underlying structure related to the meaning of sentences.Rate this question:
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- 18.
________ refers to the general process of considering an issue, while ________ is the science of thinking. (chapter 13)
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Logic; thought
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Thought; concept formation
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Reason; logic
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Thought; logic
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Reason; thought
Correct Answer
A. Thought; logicExplanation
Thought refers to the general process of considering an issue, while logic is the science of thinking. Thought involves the cognitive processes of contemplating, reflecting, and pondering, while logic is the systematic and rational approach to reasoning and making valid inferences. Logic provides a framework for analyzing and evaluating arguments, identifying fallacies, and constructing valid and sound arguments. Therefore, thought and logic are closely related but distinct concepts in the realm of thinking and reasoning.Rate this question:
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- 19.
One of the oldest and most traditional theories of concept acquisition is behavioral learning theory. It rests on the principle of: (chapter 13)
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Mediation
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Association
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Rule learning
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Induction
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Operant shaping
Correct Answer
A. AssociationExplanation
Behavioral learning theory is based on the principle of association. This theory suggests that individuals learn by forming associations between stimuli and responses. Through repeated exposure to certain stimuli and their corresponding responses, individuals learn to associate the two and can then respond accordingly. This process of association allows for the acquisition of new concepts and behaviors.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Thomas Bayes provided a mathematical model that provides a method for: (Chapter 13)
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Evaluating concept formation
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Evaluating hypotheses of changing probabilistic values
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Reasoning in navigation
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Evaluating mathematical problems
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Evaluating syllogistic reasoning
Correct Answer
A. Evaluating hypotheses of changing probabilistic valuesExplanation
Thomas Bayes provided a mathematical model that allows for the evaluation of hypotheses that involve changing probabilistic values. This means that his model can be used to assess the likelihood of different outcomes or events based on the available evidence and prior knowledge. Bayes' model is particularly useful in situations where the probabilities of events are not fixed and can change over time. By using his model, one can update their beliefs and make more informed decisions based on the changing probabilities.Rate this question:
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- 21.
"Ad hominem" arguments are: (Chapter 13)
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Arguments which attack a person's character
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Arguments which appeal to one's sense of fairness
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Arguments which praise an individual
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Arguments which appeal to one's sense of duty
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Arguments which appeal to one force or power
Correct Answer
A. Arguments which attack a person's characterExplanation
"Ad hominem" arguments are arguments which attack a person's character. This means that instead of addressing the actual argument or issue at hand, the person making the argument focuses on attacking the character or personal traits of the individual presenting the argument. This is considered a fallacy because it does not address the validity or strength of the argument itself, but rather attempts to discredit the person making the argument. By attacking the person's character, the arguer hopes to undermine their credibility and dismiss their argument without actually engaging with the content of the argument.Rate this question:
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- 22.
A conclusion reached by means of syllogistic reasoning is considered valid if: 17) ______ (Chapter 13)
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The premises are true and the form correct
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It makes sense intuitively
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The middle term links the subject and the conclusion
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All of the above
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None of the above
Correct Answer
A. The premises are true and the form correctExplanation
A conclusion reached by means of syllogistic reasoning is considered valid if the premises are true and the form correct. This means that for a conclusion to be valid, the statements or premises it is based on must be true, and the logical structure or form of the argument must be valid. If either the premises are false or the form of the argument is incorrect, the conclusion cannot be considered valid.Rate this question:
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Mar 18, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Aug 09, 2012Quiz Created by
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